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Aci - Wikipédia

Aci

Ti Wikipédia, énsiklopédi bébas

Aci atawa kanji mangrupakeun karbohidrat kompléks nu teu leyur na cai. Aci (hususna aci jagong) dina papasakan dipaké salaku saos. Di industri, aci dipaké pikeun nyieun elém, kertas, jeung tékstil.

Daptar eusi

[édit] Biokimia

Sacara biokimiawi, aci mangrupakeun gabungan dua karbohidrat polimérik (polisakarida) nu disebut amilosa jeung amilopéktin, nu monomérna unit glukosa nu disambungkeun hulu ka buntut jadi tumbu alfa-1,4. Unit liniér ieu jadi amilose. Amilose lajeng ngagabung dina beungkeut alfa-1,6, ngabentuk struktur nyagak. Unit-unit nyagak ieu mangrupa amilopéktin na aci.

Sacara struktural, aci ngabentuk clusters of linked linear polymers, where the alpha-1,4 linked chains form columns of glucose units which branch regularly at the alpha-1,6 links. The relative content of amylose and amylopectin varies between species, and between different cultivars of the same species. Pikeun conto, jagong luhung amilosa ngandung 85% amilosa, sedengkeun aci waxy corn ngandung leuwih ti 99% amilopéktin.

Fungsi utama aci na tutueuhan jeung sato (nu disebut glikogén tea), nyaéta salaku molekul simpenan/cadangan tanaga. Dina tutueuhan, gula basajan nu kabeungkeut na molekul aci dina organ sélular husus disebut amiloplas.

Aci teu leyur na cai, bisa direcah ku hidrolisis nu dikatalisan ku énzim nu disebut amilase, nu bisa megatkeun beungkeut glikosida antara komponén 'alfa-glukosa' na polisakarida aci. manusa jeung sato lianna mibanda amilase, sahingga bisa nyerna aci. Aci dicerna ngaliwatan prosés gampang: molekul aci direcah jadi komponén unit-unit gula basajan. Gula nu dihasilkeun laju diolah ku énzim lianna (misalna maltase) na awak urang, sarua jeung gula séjénna na asupan.

[édit] Aci salaku bahan tuang

Aci téh aya dina bungbuahan, sisikian, jeung beubeutian. Bahan anu ilahar dipaké/diproduksi (sacara masal) ku masarakat di antarana tina jagong, kentang, béas, gandum, jeung sampeu. Katuangan Kulon nu tina aci (gandum) nyaéta roti. Di urang, aya katuangan tina aci nu populér pisan, nyaéta cireng.

[édit] Di rumah tangga

Kanji (clothing starch atawa laundry starch) nyaéta cairan nu disiapkeun ku jalan nyampurkeun aci sayur na cai (digolakkeun), dipaké di laundry pakéan. Dina abad ka-19 jeung awal abad ka-20, kanji dipaké pikeun ngaheurasan & ngalemesan kerah kaméja nalika diistrika.

Di sagigireun kerahna jadi lemes lan nyiripit rapih, sacara praktis kanji téh ngajaga pakéan tetep beresih, sabab késang/daki tina beuheung nu makéna ukur napel kana lapisan aci, gampang diberesihanana.

[édit] Uji

Starch solution is used to test for elemental iodine. Distinct blue color indicates the presence of iodine in solution. The details of this reaction are not yet fully known, but it is thought that the iodine (I3- and I5- ions) fits inside the coils of amylose, the charge transfers between the iodine and the starch, and the energy level spacings in the resulting complex correspond to the absorption spectrum in the visible light region. A 0.4% w/w solution is the standard concentration for a dilute starch indicator solution. It is made by adding 4 grams of soluble starch to 1 litre of heated water; the solution is cooled before use (starch-iodine complex becomes unstable at temperatures above 35°C). This complex is often used in redox titrations: in presence of an oxidizing agent the solution turns blue, in presence of reducing agent blue color disappears because I5- ions break up into iodine and iodide.

Under the microscope, starch grains show a distinctive Maltese Cross effect (also known as 'extinction cross') under polarised light.

[édit] Ingon-ingon

Aci sato mangrupakeun ngaran lain pikeun glikogén, teu sarua jeung aci biasa.

[édit] Rujukan

[édit] Tumbu kaluar

[édit] Turunan aci

Aci bisa dihidrolisis jadi karbohidrat nu leuwih basajan maké asam, rupa-rupa énzim, atawa kombinasi ti dua éta. Konversina biasana diukur ku ékivalén dékstrosa (dextrose equivalent, DE), nyaéta fraksi beungkeut glikosida na aci nu geus pegat. Produk pangan nu dijieun ku cara ieu di antarana

  • Maltodékstrin, produk aci hasil hidrolisis (DE 10–20) nu dipaké paneuas.
  • Rupa-rupa sirop jagong (DE 30–70), leyuran kentel nu dipaké salaku pangamis jeung paneuas dina rupa-rupa pangan olahan.
  • Dékstrosa (DE 100), glukosa komersil, dijieun ku jalan ngahidrolisis aci sacara sampurna.
  • Sirop luhung fruktosa (high fructose syrup), dijieun ku nyampurkeun leyuran dékstrosa jeung énzim glukosa isomérase. Di AS, sirop jagong luhung fruktosa dijadikeun bungbu pangamis utama.
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