LORAN
Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi
LORAN (LOng RAnge Navigation) er et navigasjonssystem som bruker lavfrekvente radiosignaler fra tre eller flere stasjoner for å finne posisjonen til et fartøy eller fly. Prinsippet bygger på samme måte som GPS, hvor posisjonen finnes ved å ta tidsdifferansen fra et signal ble sendt, til signalet ble mottatt. Den nåværende versjonen av LORAN som primært blir brukt er kalt LORAN-C, som opererer på lavfrekvensbåndet mellom 90 til 110 kHz. Mange nasjoner, inkludert USA, Japan og Russland har LORAN stasjoner i drift. Bruken av LORAN er avtagende, mye grunnet den store økningen i bruk av GPS i senere tid.
| Station | Country | Chain | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afif | Saudi-Arabia | Saudi Arabia South (GRI 7030)/Saudi Arabia North (GRI 8830) | |
| Al Khamasin | Saudi-Arabia | Saudi Arabia South (GRI 7030)/Saudi Arabia North (GRI 8830) | |
| Al Muwassam | Saudi-Arabia | Saudi Arabia South (GRI 7030)/Saudi Arabia North (GRI 8830) | |
| Angissq | Greenland | shutdown on December 31st, 1994 | used until July 27th, 1964 a 411.48 metre tower |
| Ash Shayk | Saudi-Arabia | Saudi Arabia South (GRI 7030)/Saudi Arabia North (GRI 8830) | |
| Attu | Alaska | North Pacific (GRI 9990)/Russian-American (GRI 5980) | |
| Balasore | India | Calcutta (GRI 5543) | |
| Barrigada | Guam | shut-down | |
| Baudette, Minnesota | U.S. | North Central U.S. (GRI 8290)/Great Lakes (GRI 8970) | |
| Berlevåg | Norway | Bø (GRI 7001) | |
| Billamora | India | Bombay (GRI 6042) | |
| Boise City, Oklahoma | U.S. | Great Lakes (GRI 8970)/ South Central U.S. (GRI 9610) | |
| Cambridge Bay | Canada | shut-down | free-standing lattice tower, used as NDB |
| Cape Race | Canada | Canadian East Coast (GRI 5930)/Newfoundland East Coast (GRI 7270) | uses a 260.3 metre tall tower |
| Carolina Beach, North Carolina | U.S. | Northeast US (GRI 9960)/ Southeast U.S. (GRI 7980) | |
| Chongzuo | China | China South Sea (GRI 6780)/ Southeast U.S. (GRI 7980) | |
| Comfort Cove | Canada | Newfoundland East Coast (GRI 7270) | |
| Dhrangadhra | India | Bombay (GRI 6042) | |
| Diamond Harbor | India | Calcutta (GRI 5543) | |
| Ejde | Faroer | Ejde (GRI 9007) | |
| Estartit | Spain | Mediterranean Sea (GRI 7990) | |
| Fallon, Montana | U.S. | U.S. West Coast (GRI 9940) | |
| Fox Harbour | Canada | Newfoundland East Coast (GRI 7270)/ Canadian East Coast (GRI 5930) | |
| George | Canada | Canadian West Coast (GRI 5990)/ U.S. West Coast (GRI 9940) | |
| Gesashi | Japan | East Asia (GRI 9930)/ North West Pacific (GRI 8930) | |
| Gillette, Wyoming | U.S. | South Central U.S. (GRI 9610)/ North Central U.S. (GRI 8290) | |
| Grangeville, Idaho | U.S. | South Central U.S. (GRI 9610)/ Southeast U.S. (GRI 7980) | |
| Havre | Canada | North Central U.S. (GRI 8290) | |
| Hellissandur | Iceland | shut down on December 31st, 1994 | 411.48 metre tall tower, now used for longwave broadcasting of RÚV on 189 kHz |
| Helong | China | China North Sea (GRI 7430) | |
| Hexian | China | China South Sea (GRI 6780) | |
| Jan Mayen | Norway | Bø (GRI 7001) | |
| Johnston Island | U.S. | shut-down | |
| Iwo Jima | Japan | shut down in September 1993, dismantled | used a 411.48 metre tall tower |
| Jupiter, Florida | U.S. | Southeast U.S. (GRI 7980) | |
| Kargaburan | Turkey | Mediterranean Sea (GRI 7990) | |
| Kwang Ju | South Korea | East Asia (GRI 9930) | |
| Lampedusa | Italy | Mediterranean Sea (GRI 7990) | |
| Las Cruces, New Mexico | U.S. | South Central U.S. (GRI 9610) | |
| Lessay | France | Lessay (GRI 6731) / Sylt (GRI 7499) | |
| Loop Head | Ireland | Lessay (GRI 6731) / Ejde (GRI 9007) | |
| Malone, Florida | U.S. | Great Lakes (GRI 8970) / Southeast U.S. (GRI 7980) | |
| Minamitorishima | Japan | North West Pacific (GRI 8930) | used until 1985 a 411.48 metre tall tower |
| Nantucket | Canada | Canadian East Coast (GRI 5930) / Northeast U.S. (GRI 9960) | |
| Narrow Cape | Alaska | North Pacific (GRI 9990) / Gulf of Alaska (GRI 7960) | |
| Niijima | Japan | North West Pacific (GRI 8930) / East Asia (GRI 9930) | |
| Patpur | India | Calcutta (GRI 5543) | |
| Pohang | South Korea | North West Pacific (GRI 8930) / East Asia (GRI 9930) | |
| Port Clarence | Alaska | Gulf of Alaska (GRI 7960)/North Pacific (GRI 9990) | uses a 411.48 metre tall tower |
| Port Hardy | Canada | Canadian West Coast (GRI 5990) | |
| Rantum | Germany | Sylt (GRI 7499)/ Lessay (GRI 6731) | |
| Raymondville, Texas | U.S. | South Central U.S. (GRI 9610)/ Southeast U.S. (GRI 7980) | |
| Raoping | China | China South Sea (GRI 6780)/ China East Sea (GRI 8930) | |
| Rongcheng | China | China North Sea (GRI 7430)/ China East Sea (GRI 8930) | |
| Rugby | UK | experimental | |
| Saint Paul | Alaska | North Pacific (GRI 9990) | |
| Salwa | Saudi-Arabia | Saudi Arabia North (GRI 8830)/Saudi Arabia South (GRI 7030) | |
| Searchlight, Nevada | U.S. | U.S. West Coast (GRI 9940)/South Central U.S. (GRI 9610) | |
| Sellia Marina | Italy | Mediterranean Sea (GRI 7990) | |
| Seneca, New York | U.S. | Great Lakes (GRI 8970)/Northeast U.S. (GRI 9960) | |
| Shoal Cove | Alaska | Canadian West Coast (GRI 5990)/Gulf of Alaska (GRI 7960) | |
| Soustons | France | Lessay (GRI 6731) | |
| Tok | Alaska | Gulf of Alaska (GRI 7960) | |
| Tokachibuto | Japan | Eastern Russia Chayka (GRI 7950)/ North West Pacific (GRI 8930) | |
| Upolo Point, Hawaii | U.S. | shut-down | |
| Værlandet | Norway | Sylt (GRI 7499)/ Ejde (GRI 9007) | |
| Veraval | India | Bombay (GRI 6042) | |
| Williams Lake | Canada | Canadian West Coast (GRI 5990) | |
| Xuancheng | China | China North Sea (GRI 7430)/ China East Sea (GRI 8930) | |
| Yap | Micronesia | shut down in 1987, dismantled | used a 304.8 metre tall tower |
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