腊肠犬
维基百科，自由的百科全书
| 腊肠犬 | ||||||||||||||
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| 原產國 | ||||||||||||||
| 德国 | ||||||||||||||
| 一般暱稱 | ||||||||||||||
| Doxie (美国), Teckel (德国) | ||||||||||||||
| 分類 | ||||||||||||||
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腊肠犬(Dachshund)是一种短腿，长身的腊犬。其名源于德国，原意"獾狗"。此品种被发展为嗅腊，追踪，及捕杀獾类及其他穴居的动物．有意思的是，虽然"Dachshund"是一个德语单词，但是它在德国并不常用，德国人通常叫它Dackel或Teckel。
目录 |
[编辑] 外表
一只正常大小的腊肠犬平均有5至10公斤重，而迷你型腊肠犬通常要轻5公斤左右。现代的腊肠犬有着弯曲的双腿，松软的皮肤和突出的胸部，许多特性被人为的培养来增强它在狭小空间的活动能力。根据皮毛，它可以分为三种类型：光毛型，长毛型和刚毛型。刚毛型的脊骨通常比另外两种要短。
腊肠犬的颜色多种多样。占最多数的色样是红色，或黑间红(后者也常被认为是黑色间棕红色)，但是也有其他的颜色，比如奶油色，蓝色，灰色，巧克力棕，浅褐色等等。虽然纯黑与巧克力棕的腊肠犬看上去非常好看，但是这种颜色却是非标准的。也就是说，这种颜色的腊肠犬对于美国和英国的竞赛和展出来说，是不合格的。而老的，传统的色样，如花斑的，暗色的腊肠犬正在重新获得欢迎。此外，其他色样组合的犬也正在被培育出来。如果你见到褐间红，棕黑间红，花斑，及双色花斑，甚至白色的腊肠犬，都不要觉得奇怪。不幸的是，一些色样是需要广泛的近亲繁殖来获得的；双色花斑的犬就经常出生就失明，或眼部严重发育不足。为此，有责任心的饲养和培育者都极不造成培育双色花斑的品种。
根据犬类俱乐部的标准，迷你型腊肠犬只在大小和重量上与标准型有所区别。
[编辑] 性格
腊肠犬是忠诚，顽皮的犬种，它喜爱追逐小动物和小鸟的嗜好特别有名。根据美国犬类俱乐部的标准，“腊肠犬聪明，有活力，充满勇气甚至有些轻率，能够坚持地面及地下工作，任何胆怯的表示都是严重的缺陷。”[1] 过份纵容的个体则易于发怒[2]。被毛种类常常被认为与其性格有关。比如说，长毛型的腊肠犬与其他种类相比，更不易兴奋，因为它是与西班牙猎狗杂交来获得其长毛的特性的。但是，一些拥有长毛型腊肠犬的人也可能不这样认为。由于这种犬种的性格特征和突出的胸部，腊肠犬通常有一个较大的肺，使它获得与其体型不大相配的响亮叫声。
[编辑] 歷史
有人认为腊肠犬起源于古埃及，因为在图画上有短腿的猎狗。但是现代的腊肠犬是来自欧洲养犬人的苦劳，是德国，法国和英国猎狗和鐵利亞的混合种。很多欧洲皇家都养了腊肠犬，其中英国维多利亚女王的朝廷尤其喜爱这种狗。
The first verifiable references to the Dachshund, originally named the "Tachs Kriecher" (badger crawler) or "Tachs Krieger" (badger catcher), come from books written in the early 1700s. Prior to that, there exist references to "badger dogs" and "hole dogs", but these likely refer to purposes rather than to specific breeds. The original German Dachshunds were larger than the modern full-size variety, weighing between 30 and 40 lb (14 to 18 kg), and originally came in straight-legged and crook-legged varieties (the modern Dachshund is descended from the latter). Though the breed is famous for its use in exterminating badgers and badger-baiting, Dachshunds were also commonly used for rabbit and fox hunting, for locating wounded deer, and in packs were known to hunt game as large as wild boar.
[编辑] 保健
腊肠犬应保持经常运动和不宜饲喂过多以免体型过胖。该犬四肢矮短，行走时易弄脏身体，故应用毛巾拭掉身体上的污物，以保持被毛光泽。长毛品种更要注意被毛梳理，才能保证艳丽的色彩。腊肠犬的牙齿容易长齿垢，应定期予以清除。该犬脊椎骨很长，不宜训练跳跃，更不要只握前肢拉起它或让其上下高层楼梯，以免脊椎骨移位或发生其他疾病。
[编辑] 其他
[编辑] 德国的象征
Dachshunds have traditionally been viewed as a symbol of Germany, despite their pan-European heritage. During World War I the animals -- a favorite of Kaiser Wilhelm II -- fell so far out of favor in England and the United States that Dachshunds were stoned to death on the street [3]. Many Americans began referring to Dachshunds as "liberty pups", and political cartoonists commonly used the image of the Dachshund to ridicule Germany. The stigma of the association was revived to a much reduced extent during World War II, and it quickly faded away following the war's end. German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was also known for keeping Dachshunds.
The Dachshund for this association with Germany was chosen to be the first official mascot for the 1972 Summer Olympics with the name "Waldi".
[编辑] 运动
Some people compete with their Dachsunds in Dachshund racing. Another favorite sport is earthdog trials, in which dachshunds enter tunnels with dead ends and obstacles, attempting to locate an artificial bait. Dachshunds, being true scent hounds, also compete in scent tracking events with Beagles and Basset Hounds.
[编辑] 声望
Dachshunds are a popular pet in the United States, ranking somewhere between fourth and sixth most common dog breed over the last ten years. [4] They are a popular dog among apartment dwellers, vying with the poodle as the most common breed in New York City in recent years.[5]
[编辑] 外部聯結
- Clubs, Associations, and Socities
- Directories and Informational Pages
[编辑] See also
- Badger-baiting
