Fidel
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Fidel er ein abugida som vart laga for å skrive geez eller gammaletiopisk, og som i dag blir brukt til å skrive amharisk, tigrinya og ein del andre språk i Etiopia. Fidel vart utvikla frå Det sørarabiske alfabetet.
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[endre] Basissymbol
Fidel har 26 basissymbol, som står for desse lydane:
- h, l, ḥ, m, ś, r, s, ḳ, b, t, ḫ, n, ʾ, k, w, ʿ, z, y, g, d, ṭ, p̣, ṣ, ḍ, f, p.
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Compared to the inventory of 29 consonants in the South Arabian alphabet, continuants of ġ, ẓ and the interdental fricatives (ḏ, ṯ) are missing, as well as South Arabian s 
(Ge'ez Saut ሠ being derived from South Arabian š 
). On the other hand, emphatic P̣ait ጰ, a Ge'ez innovation, is a modification of Ṣädai ጸ, while Pesa ፐ is based on Tawe ተ.
Thus, there are 24 correspondences of Ge'ez and the South Arabian alphabet (corresponding glyphs of the Phoenician alphabet are shown where extant)::
| h | l | ḥ | m | ś | r | s | ḳ | b | t | ḫ | n | ʾ | k | w | ʿ | z | y | g | d | ṭ | ṣ | ḍ | f | |
| Ge'ez | ሀ | ለ | ሐ | መ | ሠ | ረ | ሰ | ቀ | በ | ተ | ኀ | ነ | አ | ከ | ወ | ዐ | ዘ | የ | ገ | ደ | ጠ | ጸ | ፀ | ፈ |
| South Arabian |  |
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| Phoenician |  |
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[endre] Tabell
Please note that this chart is incomplete. Some phonemes kan be represented by more than one series of symbols: /'/, /s'/, og /h/ (the latter har four distinct letter forms!). The citasjon form for each series is the consonant+/ä/ form, i.e. the first column of fidel. You will need a font that supports Ethiopic, such as GF Zemen Unicode, in order to view the fidel.
Non-speakers are often disconcerted eller astonished by the remarkable similarity of many of the symbols. This is mitigated somewhat because, like many semittisk språk, Amharic uses triconsonantal roots in its verb morphology. The result of this is that a fluent speaker of Amharic kan often decipher written text by observing the consonants, with the vowel variants being supplemental detail.
| ä | u | i | a | e | ə | o | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| h | ሀ | ሁ | ሂ | ሃ | ሄ | ህ | ሆ |
| l | ለ | ሉ | ሊ | ላ | ሌ | ል | ሎ |
| h | ሐ | ሑ | ሒ | ሓ | ሔ | ሕ | ሖ |
| m | መ | ሙ | ሚ | ማ | ሜ | ም | ሞ |
| s | ሠ | ሡ | ሢ | ሣ | ሤ | ሥ | ሦ |
| r | ረ | ሩ | ሪ | ራ | ሬ | ር | ሮ |
| s | ሰ | ሱ | ሲ | ሳ | ሴ | ስ | ሶ |
| š | ሸ | ሹ | ሺ | ሻ | ሼ | ሽ | ሾ |
| q | ቀ | ቁ | ቂ | ቃ | ቄ | ቅ | ቆ |
| b | በ | ቡ | ቢ | ባ | ቤ | ብ | ቦ |
| t | ተ | ቱ | ቲ | ታ | ቴ | ት | ቶ |
| č | ቸ | ቹ | ቺ | ቻ | ቼ | ች | ቾ |
| h | ኀ | ኁ | ኂ | ኃ | ኄ | ኅ | ኆ |
| n | ነ | ኑ | ኒ | ና | ኔ | ን | ኖ |
| ñ | ኘ | ኙ | ኚ | ኛ | ኜ | ኝ | ኞ |
| (') | አ | ኡ | ኢ | ኣ | ኤ | እ | ኦ |
| k | ከ | ኩ | ኪ | ካ | ኬ | ክ | ኮ |
| h | ኸ | ኹ | ኺ | ኻ | ኼ | ኽ | ኾ |
| w | ወ | ዉ | ዊ | ዋ | ዌ | ው | ዎ |
| (`) | ዐ | ዑ | ዒ | ዓ | ዔ | ዕ | ዖ |
| z | ዘ | ዙ | ዚ | ዛ | ዜ | ዝ | ዞ |
| ž | ዠ | ዡ | ዢ | ዣ | ዤ | ዥ | ዦ |
| y | የ | ዩ | ዪ | ያ | ዬ | ይ | ዮ |
| d | ደ | ዱ | ዲ | ዳ | ዴ | ድ | ዶ |
| ǧ | ጀ | ጁ | ጂ | ጃ | ጄ | ጅ | ጆ |
| g | ገ | ጉ | ጊ | ጋ | ጌ | ግ | ጎ |
| t' | ጠ | ጡ | ጢ | ጣ | ጤ | ጥ | ጦ |
| č' | ጨ | ጩ | ጪ | ጫ | ጬ | ጭ | ጮ |
| p' | ጰ | ጱ | ጲ | ጳ | ጴ | ጵ | ጶ |
| s' | ጸ | ጹ | ጺ | ጻ | ጼ | ጽ | ጾ |
| s' | ፀ | ፁ | ፂ | ፃ | ፄ | ፅ | ፆ |
| f | ፈ | ፉ | ፊ | ፋ | ፌ | ፍ | ፎ |
| p | ፐ | ፑ | ፒ | ፓ | ፔ | ፕ | ፖ |
[endre] Bakgrunnsstoff
[endre] Kjelder
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