馬赫茂德·艾哈邁迪-內賈德
维基百科,自由的百科全书
馬赫茂德·艾哈邁迪-內賈德是伊朗政治人士,伊朗伊斯兰共和国总统(2005年8月3日就任)。
艾哈邁迪-內賈德1956年出生於伊朗塞姆南省伽姆萨县(GARMSAR),其父是铁匠,兄弟姐妹7人,他排行第四,一岁那年全家迁居德黑兰。他在德黑兰上完了小学、中学和高中,1975年全国高考中他以第130名的成绩考入伊朗科學與科技大学,攻读开发工程专业。1986年,成为该校首席专家。1989年,成为该校开发系科技委员会委员。1997年,获得交通與運輸工程規劃博士学位。在校期间,就表现出坚定的反美立场。
他在2003年4月当选为德黑兰市长,他被公认为是一位伊朗新保守派人士,同时有着强烈的民族主义情绪。
艾哈邁迪-內賈德在伊朗2005年6月24日举行的第二轮总统选举中获得全部有效选票的61.69%(约280万张选票),以绝对优势击败对手——前总统拉夫桑贾尼赢得选举并当选伊朗总统。观察家认为他简朴的生活及民族主义倾向是他赢得了特别是伊朗草根阶层的选票。
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[编辑] 政治綱領
在總統選舉中,艾哈邁迪-內賈德採取了傾向於草根階層的民族主義策略,將自己與第二任伊朗總統穆罕默德•阿里•拉賈伊作一番對比,強調他簡樸的生活,因而引起前第一家庭的抗議。艾哈邁迪-內賈德計畫在伊朗建造「全世界人民的模範政府」。他自稱為原教旨主义者(principlist),根據伊斯蘭和革命教義來採取政治行動。他的目標之一是「將石油收益歸諸於民」,意即將石油利潤分享給貧窮階層。
艾哈邁迪-內賈德是在本次總統選舉中唯一一位發表談話反對伊朗與美國未來關係的候選人。他在總統大選前幾天接受伊朗伊斯蘭共和國國家廣播電台(Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting)專訪時,指控聯合國「一昧與伊斯蘭世界作對」。他也公開反對聯合國安理會賦予五個常任理事國的否決權。在此專訪中,他提及「全球議題不是可以只由五個國家來肯定或否決的。如果這種特權要繼續保持下去,那擁有15億人口的伊斯蘭世界也應該伸張特權才對」。並且替伊朗核计划辯護,指控一些煩人的國家試圖限制伊朗在此和相關領域的工業和科技發展。談到伊朗自由派大報《資訊報》(Shargh)記者要求釋放他總統任內的政治犯,他反問:「哪些政治犯?在美國的政治犯嗎?」
他競選的主要口號是「我們擁有機會和能力」(英文:It's possible and we can do it, 原文:میشود و میتوانیم)。政治上他是伊斯蘭工程師協會(Islamic Society of Engineers)的會員,在伊斯蘭伊朗建築聯盟(Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran)也有強大基礎。該聯盟亦稱為Abadgaran,在第一輪總統大選時分裂成兩邊,分別支持他和穆罕默德•巴赫•加利巴夫(Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf)。
在第二輪總統選舉時,他說「我們並沒有參與政府輪替的革命。[...]這場革命企圖導致世界政府。」同時他提到自己準備了一份長期計畫來對抗恐怖主義,將可以改善外交關係、促進伊朗和鄰國的合作、取消該區域國家間的簽證規定,他還說「人民應該要能自由地想去哪裡就去哪裡,應該要有朝聖和旅行的自由。」
[编辑] 艾哈邁迪-內賈德的網誌
2006年8月11日,艾哈邁迪-內賈德開設了個人網誌,首篇文章以自傳的方式,敘述自己幼年處於美國支持的穆罕默德·禮薩·巴列維國王的專制統治下,伊朗人民生活極其困苦。接著提到自己深受伊斯蘭教宗教領袖賽義德·魯霍拉·霍梅尼的精神感召,伊朗伊斯蘭革命後,美國支持薩達姆發動兩伊戰爭入侵伊朗,25歲的內賈德隨即加入保衛伊朗的行列,並成功的保衛了伊朗。內賈德認為侵略者最終失敗的原因在於,伊朗人民同仇敵慨,團結一致。而侵略者不但與反抗侵略的人民作對,還與本國的人民作對。
[编辑] Allegations
During the Iranian presidential election of 2005, some people, including Mehdi Karroubi, the pragmatic reformist candidate who ranked third in the election, have alleged that a network of mosques, the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, and Basij militia forces, have been illegally used to generate and mobilize support for Ahmadinejad. Karroubi has explicitly alleged Mojtaba Khamenei, a son of the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei, among the conspirators. Ahmadinejad's supporters consider these to be false allegations. Furthermore, Ayatollah Khamenei has written to Karroubi and mentioned that his allegations are "below his dignity" and "will result in a crisis" in Iran, which he will not allow. As a reply, Karroubi resigned from all his political posts, including an Advisor to the supreme leader and a member of Expediency Discernment Council, on both of which he has been installed by Khamenei. [1] Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Ahmanizhad's rival in the secound round, has also pointed to organized and unjust interventions by "guiding" the votes, and has supported Karroubi's complaint. [2]. Rafsanjani had also alleged a "dirty tricks" campaign had "illegally" propelled Ahmadinejad into the presidency, an allegation which he strongly denies. Rafsanjani later accepted the results and told everyone to "assist" the new president-elect.
Also, some political groups, including the reformist party Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF), have alleged that Ahmadinejad had won so many votes because of illegal support and advertising activities for him during the voting by the supervisors selected by the Guardian Council, while the supervisors should have remained impartisan according to the election law. [3] Also, the reformist newspaper Shargh has pointed to an announcement by Movahhedi Kermani, the official representative of the supreme leader in Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, mentioning "vote for a person who keeps to the minimum in his advertisements and doesn't lavish", which uniquely pointed to Ahmadinejad. time Previously, Austrian parliament representative, Peter Pilz, alleged Ahmadinejad to have possibly had a hand in international assassinations ordered by the Iranian government against political opposition groups. [4] However, this allegation has not been proven.
Some have also alleged that Ahmadinejad had been a "Last Shot-in-the-head" executioner of political prisoners, shooting the executed prisoners after they were shot by a firing squad to ensure that they are dead, in the Evin prison in Tehran, and claim that he has delivered around a thousand such shots. But Ahmadinejad denies these allegations.
[编辑] 对艾哈邁迪-內賈德的评论
許多改革派和獨立政黨以及一些抵制2005年伊朗總統第一輪選舉的人都呼籲組成聯盟來反對艾哈邁迪-內賈德,並稱呼該聯盟為「全國反法西斯聯盟」。例如IIPF曾呼籲人民進行第二輪投票來「預防宗教法西斯崛起的危險」,伊斯蘭革命組織(Islamic Revolution Organization)的Mojahedin稱呼這是「法西斯統治的危險」。包含一些獨立評論的評論家則聲言,雖然內賈德的崛起和行動有時類似於法西斯,但是這兩者有明顯的差異。第一,這運動既非民族主義也非種族主義。第二,它缺乏。其他評論則認為它泛義地或錯誤地描述對手。許多秉持相同觀點的評論家和隨之產生的支持群眾則認為他的是「虛構的社會主義」。
[编辑] 外部連結
- 艾哈邁迪-內賈德的網誌 (波斯語、阿拉伯語、英語和法語)
前任: 穆罕默德·哈塔米 |
伊朗总统 2005- |
继任 (---) |