穆罕默德·阿里

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目前已翻译15%，原文在en:Muhammad Ali。

如查找其他有着相似名字的人, 请见穆罕默德·阿里 (消歧义)和阿里。如查找十九世纪政治家，请见en:Cassius M. Clay

Muhammad Ali

Career Snapshot
生日	1942年 1月17日
总场数	61
胜	56
负	5.1
平	0
击倒获胜	37
赢得头衔	重量级

穆罕默德·阿里 （Muhammad Ali-Haj，محمد على），（生于1942年 1月17日，原名卡修斯·马塞勒斯·克莱 Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.）是一位美国拳击手。他是这个世界上最伟大的拳手之一，也是世上最有名的人之一。他以他的伟大拳击职业生涯和激进的政治主张而名满全球。1999年，他被体育画报杂志评为世纪最佳运动员；同时也被很多人认为是20世纪最伟大的运动员之一。

阿里是重量级拳击选手当中的异类。他总是把双手垂在身体的两侧而不是像其他拳手那样把双手举起来保护脸部。取而代之的，他利用自己惊人的反应速度和臂展（83英寸）来使自己远离对手的攻击。进攻中，阿里更多的是击打对手的头部 —— 一种很危险的战术，因为在一场拉锯战中，击打身体比击打头部能更有效的耗费对手的体力。

[编辑] 一切的开始

出生于肯塔基州路易斯维尔，克莱跟随了他父亲 -- 废奴主义者卡修斯·M·克莱（Cassius M. Clay）的名字。在他十二岁那年，他的自行车被偷了，他把这件事情报告给了地区警察（也是拳击教练）乔·马丁。马丁建议他学习拳击术。在马丁的指导下，克莱很快的打败了其他的少年拳手们。虽然克莱的成绩很烂，在高中阶段就赢得了六副肯塔基州金手套的他还是得以从高中毕业。好像是有预感似的，他的校长在有一天职工会议上提到克莱，说他将来“会使这所学校闻名遐迩”。克莱后来就他毫无光彩的学生生涯开玩笑时说：“我说过我会是最伟大的，但并不是最聪明的。”

在举办于意大利罗马的1960年夏季奥运会中，克莱夺得了轻量级比赛的金牌。后来因为一些种族问题，阿里卖掉了这块金牌。在这之后，他转入了职业拳赛并投入了传奇人物安吉洛·敦提（Angelo Dundee）门下；由于他迥异的比赛风格，完美的战绩，和不知疲倦的自我吹捧（这是从职业摔跤选手乔治·瓦格纳（George Wagner）和歌手利特尔·理查德（Little Richard）那儿的来的灵感）。由于总是作诗预测自己能在第几个回合击到对手获胜，他给自己赢得了一个绰号叫“路易斯维尔的大嘴吧”（“Luisiville Lip”）。他总是吵嚷得唱着“我是最棒的”和“我年轻，我英俊，我迅捷，没人能打败我。”之类赞美自己的话。

1969年 10月29日，克莱在路易斯维尔赢得了他职业生涯的第一个冠军。他在六局决胜的拳赛中击败了汤尼·亨塞克（他曾是西弗吉尼亚费伊特维尔的警察局长）。从1960年到1963年之间，年轻的克莱在拳击场上的成绩达到了19胜0负，其中15次击倒对手获胜。他击败的对手包括了托尼·埃斯波尔蒂、吉姆·罗宾逊、冬尼·弗里曼、杜克·萨维东、阿郎左·约翰逊、乔治·洛根、威利·贝斯曼诺夫和拉玛尔·克拉克（克拉克在被击败之前的的四十场胜利都是击倒对手获胜）。

He defeated such boxers as Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie Fleeman, Duke Sabedong, Alonzo Johnson, George Logan, Willi Besmanoff, and Lamar Clark (who had won his previous 40 bouts by knockout). Among Clay's more impressive victories were against Sonny Banks (who knocked him down earlier in the bout), Alejandro Lavorante, and Archie Moore (a boxing legend who had won over 200 previous fights). Cassius became the number one contender for Sonny Liston's title. Liston was greatly feared, and some have said that he was the Mike Tyson of his era. Almost no one gave the young boxer a chance of beating Liston. The date was fixed for February 25, 1964; during the weigh-in, the boisterous Ali declared that he would "float like a butterfly, sting like a bee." [1]

[编辑] 第一场冠军争霸赛

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Clay, however, had a plan. Misreading Clay's exuberance as nervousness, Liston was over-confident and unprepared for any result but a quick stoppage. In the opening rounds, Clay's speed, greater even than his idols, Sugar Ray Robinson and Archie Moore, kept him away from Liston's powerful head and body shots, as he used his height and reach advantage to effectively counterpunch with the jab. As early as the third round, Liston began to visibly tire, and Clay took full advantage, landing several heavy punches. By the third, Clay was clearly on top and had opened a large cut under Liston's eye. Liston regained some ground in the fourth, as Clay was blinded by a foreign substance. It is unknown whether this was something used to close Liston's cuts or applied to Liston's gloves for a nefarious purpose. Partially sighted, Clay was able to keep out of range, and by the fifth and into the sixth, he was looking for a finish. That came before the seventh, when Liston retired on his stool, later claiming his shoulder had become dislocated. Clay leapt out of his corner, proclaiming himself "King of the World" and demanding the writers eat their words.

Clay was duly crowned the heavyweight champion of the world. He would reconfirm his abilities when he knocked out Liston in the first round of their rematch in Lewiston, Maine on May 25, 1965, albeit controversially, as few observers saw the "phantom punch" that floored Liston. That November, Clay met and defeated former champion Floyd Patterson. The referee stopped the fight in Round 12 after Patterson had taken a horrible beating.

[编辑] 克莱变阿里

在比赛之余，他因为其他原因变得出名：他加入了伊斯兰国民大会并把名字改为穆罕默德·阿里，虽然当时很少有新闻记者接受这个名字。1966年到1967年初是冠军战的繁忙时间。在这一年中他七次卫冕，从未有其他人能够做到。In March 1966, he won a unanimous decision over tough Canadian champion George Chuvalo (who was never knocked down in his career). Ali then traveled to England to face "British Bulldog" Brian London and Henry Cooper (who had knocked him down in their initial 1963 match). Ali won both fights by knockout. He traveled to Germany next to face southpaw Karl Mildenberger (who was the first German to fight for the title since Max Schmeling). In one of his tougher fights, Ali finally won by knockout in Round 12. In November 1966, Ali returned to the United States to face Cleveland "Big Cat" Williams in the Houston Astrodome. Williams had one of the highest knockout percentages in history and has often been ranked as one of the finest fighters who never won a title. Many felt he would give the champion a tough battle, however Ali easily knocked him out in the third round. In February of 1967, Ali faced Ernie Terrell in the Astrodome at Madison Square Garden. Terrell had refused to acknowledge Ali's name and the champ vowed to punish him for this perceived insolence. Even though the fight went to a decision, Ali delivered a horrible beating and won every round. He kept taunting the challenger throughout the fight: after every hit, Ali hollered "What's my name?" Many called his treatment cruel and brutal. In March of the same year and in the same location, he faced Zora Folley. Ali's fight with the 35 year-old Folley is regarded by many as his finest performance in the ring. He showed what a breathtaking fighter he was by throwing every punch sharply and on target. He knocked out the challenger in Round 7.

同年，作为良心反战者，他拒绝在越战期间到美国军队服役，对此有几句闻名的说辞“他没有理由反对越共”并且“越南人从来没有管我叫黑鬼”。他扯下了冠军腰带并撕碎了拳击执照，因此被判入狱五年。这一判决在上诉三年后被美国最高法院一致同意推翻。阿里拒服兵役和皈依伊斯兰教的举动，使他成为这个时代最引人注目、最受争议的人物。当美国主流社会用怀疑的目光看待伊斯兰国民大会领袖人物的时候，阿里在游行中与他们站在一起，使他也成为泻怒和猜忌的靶子。那时，阿里有时似乎故意激起这样的反应，在支持民权运动和右翼的、支持种族分离的观点之间摇摆。

In 1970, granted a license to box once more following his Supreme Court victory wherein he was granted his right to refuse military service for religious reasons, he began a comeback. But he suffered a setback when he lost his 1971 title fight, a bruising 15-round encounter with Joe Frazier at Madison Square Garden. This fight, known simply as "The Fight," was perhaps one of the most famous and eagerly anticipated bouts of all time, since it featured two skilled, undefeated fighters, both of whom had reasonable claims to the heavyweight crown. The fight lived up to the hype, and Frazier punctuated his victory by flooring Ali with a hard left hook in the final round. Ali split two bouts with Ken Norton before beating Frazier on points in their 1974 rematch to earn another title shot.

阿里的宗教观点也随着时间改变。他开始学习《可兰经》并且皈依穆斯林逊尼派，拒绝了穆斯林国民大会的教训。

[编辑] The Rumble in the Jungle and Thrilla in Manila

The incumbent, George Foreman, was a large, hard-hitting, undefeated young fighter who had previously demolished Frazier, KO'ing him in the second round of their championship fight. Foreman was the heavy favorite. The fight was held in Zaire and promoted by Don King as "The Rumble in the Jungle." In the October 30, 1974 bout that would cement his reputation as "The Greatest", Ali boxed his best tactical fight. Leading with his "wrong" hand and playing "rope-a-dope" by leaning far back on the ropes, Ali absorbed everything Foreman could throw at him, whilst only occasionally throwing counter-punches. By the end of the sixth round, Foreman had punched himself out, and Ali was able to attack a little more. Foreman kept advancing, but his blows were much less effective, and near the end of the eighth, Ali's right hand finally sent the exhausted Foreman to the floor. As a result of this fight, he was awarded the 1974 Hickok Belt as top professional athlete of the year and Sports Illustrated magazine's "Sportsman of the Year" award.

In 1975, Ali defeated Joe Frazier once more in the Thrilla In Manila in the Philippines. This fight surpassed their earlier bouts and became one of the most well-known heavyweight fights ever. After 14 grueling rounds, Frazier's trainer Eddie Futch refused to allow Frazier to continue, and Ali left the winner by TKO. Along with the "Rumble", his fights with Frazier are widely considered among the greatest in boxing history. Ring Magazine called this bout 1975's Fight of the Year, the fifth year an Ali fight had earned that distinction. Many felt Ali should have retired after this fight, however he continued to box. 1976 saw him knock out two largely unknown opponents, Belgian stonecutter Jean-Pierre Coopman and English boxer Richard Dunn. On April 30, 1976 Ali faced Jimmy Young in Landover, Maryland and many regard this as his worst fight. Ali was heavy and out of shape, refusing to take the young challenger seriously. Ali was awarded a unanimous decision, but it was widely booed by the crowd. Many who scored the fight at ringside thought Young deserved the decision. Even Ali's loyal trainer Angelo Dundee said this was his worst performance in the ring. In September, Ali faced Ken Norton in their third fight held at Yankee Stadium. Once again, the champion won a widely debated decision.

He would retain his title until a 1978 loss to 1976 Olympic champion Leon Spinks, who was fighting in only his eighth professional fight. He defeated Spinks in a rematch, becoming the heavyweight champion for the record third time. Then on June 27, 1979, he announced his retirement and vacated the title.

That retirement was short-lived, however, and on October 2, 1980, he challenged Larry Holmes for the WBC's version of the world Heavyweight title. Looking to set another record, as the first boxer to win the Heavyweight title four times, he lost by technical knockout in round eleven, when Dundee would not let him come out for the round. The Holmes fight, promoted as "The Last Hurrah", was a fight many fans and experts view with disdain because of what many viewed as a "deteriorated version" of Ali. Holmes was Ali's sparring partner when Holmes was a budding fighter; thus, some viewed the result of the fight as a symbolic "passing of the torch." Holmes even admitted later that, although he dominated the fight, he held his punches back a bit out of sheer respect for his idol and former employer. It was revealed after the fight that Ali had an examination at the Mayo Clinic and the results were shocking. He admitted to tingling in his hands and slurring of his speech. The exam revealed he actually had a hole in the membrane of his brain. However, Don King withheld this report and allowed the fight to go on.

Despite the apparent finality of his loss to Holmes and his increasingly suspect medical condition, Ali would fight one more time. On December 11, 1981, he fought rising contender and future world champion Trevor Berbick, in what was billed as "The Drama in the Bahamas." Because Ali was widely viewed as a damaged fighter, few American venues expressed much interest in hosting the bout, and few fans expressed much interest in attending or watching it. Compared to the mega-fights Ali fought in widely known venues earlier in his career, the match took place in virtual obscurity in Nassau. Although Ali performed marginally better against Berbick than he had against Holmes fourteen months earlier, he still lost a 10-round unanimous decision to Berbick, who at 27 was twelve years younger.

Following this loss, Ali retired permanently in 1981 with a career record of 56 wins, 37 by knockout, against 5 losses.

[编辑] 退休生活

Ali was diagnosed with pugilistic Parkinson's syndrome in 1982, following which his motor functions began a slow decline.

Despite this, he remains a hero to millions around the world. In 1985, he was called on to negotiate for the release of kidnapped Americans in Lebanon. In 1996, he had the honor of lighting the Olympic flame in Atlanta, Georgia. At the same Olympics, Ali was also presented with a replacement gold medal. He had supposedly thrown the previous one, won in 1960, into the Ohio River after witnessing a white man be refused entry to a black church, confirming his own suspicions that black people were racist too.

His daughter Laila Ali also became a boxer in 1999 despite her father's earlier comments against female boxing in 1978: "Women are not made to be hit in the breast, and face like that... the body's not made to be punched right here [patting his chest]. Get hit in the breast... hard... and all that."

The $60 million Muhammad Ali Center is scheduled to open in downtown Louisville, Kentucky in the Fall of 2005. In addition to displaying his boxing memorabilia, the center will focus on core themes of peace, social responsibility, respect, and personal growth.

Muhammad Ali currently lives in Michigan. His current wife Lonnie Williams (his fourth) is also from Louisville. He has nine children: Maryum, Rasheeda, Jamillah, Hana, Laila, Khaliah, Miya, Muhammad Junior and Asaad.

2006年 4月11日，娱乐授权公司CKX宣布，以5000万美元现金买下了阿里80%的姓名肖像权。[2]

[编辑] 职业摔跤

Ali had a boxer vs. wrestler match against Antonio Inoki in June 1976 in Nippon Budokan in Tokyo, Japan. The match was declared a draw.
Ali also refereed the main event at Wrestlemania I in 1985.

[编辑] 书籍

Sting Like a Bee, by Jose Torres (with significant contributions from Bert Randolph Sugar and Norman Mailer). ISBN 0071395881
King Of The World, by David Remnick — An account of Ali's rise to greatness, focusing on the two fights with Sonny Liston
Soul of a Butterfly: Reflections on Life's Journey", by Muhammad Ali and Hana Yasmeen Ali. 2004. ISBN 0743255690
Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times", by Thomas Hauser with the co-operation of Muhammad Ali. 1991. ISBN 0671779710

[编辑] 电影

The Greatest [3] (1977, starring Ali as himself)
Ali (2001, directed by Michael Mann, starring Will Smith)
When We Were Kings (filmed 1974, released 1996, documentary about the "Rumble in the Jungle" by filmmaker Leon Gast.)
I Am the Greatest: The Adventures of Muhammad Ali, an animated television series

[编辑] 音乐

Black Superman - Muhammed Ali, by Johnny Wakelin & The Kinshasa Band

[编辑] Urban legends

There is a story that Ali had visited the remains of the World Trade Center in New York City after the September 11, 2001 attacks and was asked by reporters how he felt about having the same religion as the people who did this. He then allegedly responded with the question "How do you feel about Hitler sharing yours?"

While Ali did visit the World Center Center around that time, what he actually said was as follows:[4]

"Religions all have different names, but they all contain the same truths. ... I think the people of our religion should be tolerant and understand people believe different things."
- from "Bush: 'Justice Will Be Done.'", CNN.com, 20 September 2001.

"What's really hurting me, the name Islam is involved, and Muslim is involved and causing trouble and starting hate and violence. ... Islam is not a killer religion. ... Islam means peace, I couldn't just sit home and watch people label Muslims as the reason for this problem."
- from "Muhammad Ali Defends His Religion.", New York Daily News (p. 34), 21 September 2001, Colangelo, Lisa L. and Clem Richardson.

[编辑] See also

Ramadan Ali
Ali versus Liston
Howard Cosell

[编辑] 外部链接

您可以在维基语录中查看或添加與此条目相关的摘錄：

穆罕默德·阿里

前任： Sonny Liston	Heavyweight boxing champion (WBA) 1964	继任： Ernie Terrell
前任： Sonny Liston	Heavyweight boxing champion (WBC) 1964–1967	继任： Joe Frazier
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