Hello World

De Wikipedia, le encyclopedia libere

Un programma "Hello, world!" ("Hallo, mundo!") frequentemente es utilisate pro facer un demonstration rapide de un linguage de programmation, per exemplo, in capitulos introductori de manuales e cursos. Iste typo de programma es multo simple, e solmente exhibi le message "Hello, world!" super le schermo del usator. Pro le majoritate de linguages, un programma "Hello World" es un del plus simple programmas possibile, ben que alcun exemplos es multo complexe, in particular illos que debe exhibir le message in un ambiente graphic (GUI).

Un programma "hello, world" pote esser un prova utile, pro indicar que le compilator, ambiente de disveloppamento, e ambiente de tempore de execution (run-time) es installate correctemente. Quando on vole provar un nove collection de utensiles pro programmation, frequentemente il es melior provar con un programma simplissime (ma un que clarmente indica su successo).

Ben que parve programmas de prova ha existite desde le invention de computatores programmabile, le tradition de usar le phrase "Hello, world!" como le indication de successo esseva establite per un programma exemplari in le libro The C Programming Language ("le linguage de programmation C"), per Brian Kernighan e Dennis Ritchie. Le programma exemplari de iste libro imprime "hello, world".

Un collection de programmas "hello, world" scribite in varie linguages de programmation pote servir como un "Petra de Rosetta" pro adjutar in apprender e comparar le linguages.

Ecce alcun exemplos de varie linguages:

Tabula de contento 1 Ambiente textual 1.1 Ada 1.2 linguage de montage (assembly) (UCP x86, MS-DOS, syntaxe TASM) 1.3 AWK 1.4 BASIC 1.5 BCPL 1.6 C 1.7 C++ 1.8 C# 1.9 Clean 1.10 COBOL 1.11 Common Lisp 1.12 Eiffel 1.13 Erlang 1.14 Forth 1.15 Fortran 1.16 Haskell 1.17 Iptscrae 1.18 Java 1.19 Lua 1.20 MIXAL 1.21 Linguage de lot de MS-DOS 1.22 OCaml 1.23 OPL 1.24 Pascal 1.25 Perl 1.26 PHP 1.27 Pike 1.28 PL/I 1.29 Python 1.30 REXX 1.31 Ruby 1.32 Scheme 1.33 sed (require al minus un linea de input (de stdin)) 1.34 Seed7 1.35 Smalltalk 1.36 SML 1.37 SNOBOL 1.38 SQL 1.39 StarOffice Basic 1.40 Tcl 1.41 TI-BASIC 1.42 Turing 1.43 UNIX-style shell 1.44 Pseudocodice in Interlingua 2 Ambiente graphic — como applicationes traditional 2.1 Visual Basic 2.2 C++ 'bindings' pro GTK toolkit de infographia 2.3 Qt toolkit (in C++) 2.4 Windows API (in C) 2.5 Java 3 Ambiente graphic basate super navigator del web 3.1 applet Java 3.2 JavaScript (o ECMAScript) 3.3 XUL 4 Formatos de documentos 4.1 ASCII 4.2 HTML 4.3 PostScript 4.4 TeX 5 Ligamines externe

[modificar] Ambiente textual

[modificar] Ada

   with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io;
   procedure Hello is
   begin
      Put_Line ("Hello, world!");
   end Hello;

[modificar] linguage de montage (assembly) (UCP x86, MS-DOS, syntaxe TASM)

   MODEL SMALL
   IDEAL
   STACK 100H

   DATASEG
       HW      DB      'Hello, world!$'

   CODESEG
       MOV AX, @data
       MOV DS, AX
       MOV DX, OFFSET HW
       MOV AH, 09H
       INT 21H
       MOV AX, 4C00H
       INT 21H
   END

[modificar] AWK

   BEGIN { print "Hello, world!" }

[modificar] BASIC

   Traditional - BASIC non structurate
   10 PRINT "Hello, world!"
   20 END

   Versiones plus moderne - BASIC structurate
   print "Hello, world!"

[modificar] BCPL

   GET "LIBHDR"

   LET START () BE
   $(
       WRITES ("Hello, world!*N")
   $)

[modificar] C

   #include <stdio.h>
    
   int main(void)
   {
       printf("Hello, world!\n");
       return 0;
   }

[modificar] C++

   #include <iostream>
    
   int main()
   {
       std::cout << "Hello, world!" << std::endl;
   }

[modificar] C#

   class AppHalloMundo {
     public static void Main() {
       System.Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");
     }
   }

[modificar] Clean

   module hallo

   Start :: String
   Start = "Hello, world"

[modificar] COBOL

   IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
   PROGRAM-ID.     HALLO-MUNDO.

   ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.

   DATA DIVISION.

   PROCEDURE DIVISION.
   DISPLAY "Hello, world!".
   STOP RUN.

[modificar] Common Lisp

   (format t "Hello world!~%")

[modificar] Eiffel

   class HALLO_MUNDO

   creation
       make
   feature
       make is
       local
               io:BASIC_IO
       do
               !!io
               io.put_string("%N Hello, world!")
       end -- make
   end -- class HALLO_MUNDO

[modificar] Erlang

       -module(hallo).
       -export([hallo_mundo/0]).

       hallo_mundo() -> io:fwrite("Hello, world!\n").

[modificar] Forth

   ." Hello, world!" CR

[modificar] Fortran

      PROGRAM HALLO
      WRITE(*,10)
   10 FORMAT('Hello, world!')
      STOP
      END

[modificar] Haskell

   module HalloMundo (main) where

   main = putStr "Hello World\n"

[modificar] Iptscrae

   ON ENTER {
       "Hello, " "World!" & SAY
   }

[modificar] Java

   public class Hello {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           System.out.println("Hello, world!");
       }
   }

[modificar] Lua

   print "Hello, world!"

[modificar] MIXAL

    TERM    EQU    19          numero del "MIX console device"
            ORIG   1000        adresse initial
    START   OUT    MSG(TERM)   expelle datos al adresse MSG
            HLT                stoppa execution
    MSG     ALF    "MIXAL"
            ALF    " HELL"
            ALF    "O WOR"
            ALF    "LD   "
            END    START       fin del programma

[modificar] Linguage de lot de MS-DOS

   @echo off
   echo Hello, world!

[modificar] OCaml

   let _ =
      print_endline "Hello world!";;

[modificar] OPL

   PROC hallo:
     PRINT "Hello, World"
   ENDP

[modificar] Pascal

   program Hallo(output);
   begin
       writeln('Hello, world!')
   end.

[modificar] Perl

   print "Hello, world!\n";

[modificar] PHP

   <?php
       print("Hello, world!");
   ?>

[modificar] Pike

   #!/usr/local/bin/pike
   int main() {
       write("Hello, world!\n");
       return 0;
   }

[modificar] PL/I

   Prova: procedure options(main);
      declare Mi_Vector char(20) varying initialize('Hello, world!');
      put skip list(Mi_Vector);
   end Prova;

[modificar] Python

   print "Hello, world!"

[modificar] REXX

   say "Hello, world!"

[modificar] Ruby

   print "Hello, world!\n"

[modificar] Scheme

   (display "Hello, world!")
   (newline)

[modificar] sed (require al minus un linea de input (de stdin))

   sed -ne '1s/.*/Hello, world!/p'

[modificar] Seed7

   $ include "seed7_05.s7i";

   const proc: main is func
     begin
       writeln("Hello, world!");
     end func;

[modificar] Smalltalk

   Transcript show: 'Hello, world!'

[modificar] SML

   print "Hello, world!\n";

[modificar] SNOBOL

       OUTPUT = "Hello, world!"
   END

[modificar] SQL

   create table HALLO (TEXTO char(15));
   insert into HALLO (TEXTO) values ('Hello, world!');
   select TEXTO from HALLO;
   drop table HALLO;

[modificar] StarOffice Basic

   sub main
   print "Hello, World"
   end sub

[modificar] Tcl

   puts "Hello, world!"

[modificar] TI-BASIC

   :Disp "Hello, world!"

[modificar] Turing

   put "Hello, world!"

[modificar] UNIX-style shell

   echo 'Hello, world!'

[modificar] Pseudocodice in Interlingua

   Algorithmo Hallo es:
       sia s:="Hello, world";
       imprime s;
   fin-Hallo

[modificar] Ambiente graphic — como applicationes traditional

[modificar] Visual Basic

   MsgBox "Hello, world!"

[modificar] C++ 'bindings' pro GTK toolkit de infographia

   #include <iostream>
   #include <gtkmm/main.h>
   #include <gtkmm/button.h>
   #include <gtkmm/window.h>
   using namespace std;

   class HalloMundo : public Gtk::Window {
   public:
     HalloMundo();
     virtual ~HalloMundo();
   protected:
     Gtk::Button m_button;
     virtual void on_button_clicked();
   };

   HalloMundo::HalloMundo()
   : m_button("Hello, world!") {
       set_border_width(10);
       m_button.signal_clicked().connect(SigC::slot(*this,
                                         &HalloMundo::on_button_clicked));
       add(m_button);
       m_button.show();
   }

   HalloMundo::~HalloMundo() {}

   void HalloMundo::on_button_clicked() {
       cout << "Hello, world!" << endl;
   }

   int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
       Gtk::Main kit(argc, argv);
       HalloMundo halloamico;
       Gtk::Main::run(halloamico);
       return 0;
   }

[modificar] Qt toolkit (in C++)

   #include <qapplication.h>
   #include <qpushbutton.h>
   #include <qwidget.h>
   #include <iostream>

   class HalloMundo : public QWidget
   {
       Q_OBJECT

   public:
       HalloMundo();
       virtual ~HalloMundo();
   public slots:
       void handleButtonClicked();
       QPushButton *mPushButton;
   };

   HalloMundo::HalloMundo() :
       QWidget(),
       mPushButton(new QPushButton("Hello, World!", this))
   {
       connect(mPushButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(handleButtonClicked()));
   }

   HalloMundo::~HalloMundo() {}

   void HalloMundo::handleButtonClicked()
   {
       std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
   }

   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
       QApplication app(argc, argv);
       HalloMundo halloAmico;
       app.setMainWidget(&halloAmico);
       halloAmico.show();
       return app.exec();
   }

[modificar] Windows API (in C)

(iste codice es in anglese) :-)

   #include <windows.h>

   LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

   char szClassName[] = "MainWnd";
   HINSTANCE hInstance;

   int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
   {
     HWND hwnd;
     MSG msg;
     WNDCLASSEX wincl;

     hInstance = hInst;

     wincl.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
     wincl.cbClsExtra = 0;
     wincl.cbWndExtra = 0;
     wincl.style = 0;
     wincl.hInstance = hInstance;
     wincl.lpszClassName = szClassName;
     wincl.lpszMenuName = NULL; //No menu
     wincl.lpfnWndProc = WindowProcedure;
     wincl.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1); //Color of the window
     wincl.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); //EXE icon
     wincl.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); //Small program icon
     wincl.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); //Cursor

     if (!RegisterClassEx(&wincl))
           return 0;

     hwnd = CreateWindowEx(0, //No extended window styles
           szClassName, //Class name
           "", //Window caption
           WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW & ~WS_MAXIMIZEBOX,
           CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, //Let Windows decide the left and top positions of the window
           120, 50, //Width and height of the window,
           NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

     //Make the window visible on the screen
     ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);

     //Run the message loop
     while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
     {
           TranslateMessage(&msg);
           DispatchMessage(&msg);
     }
     return msg.wParam;
   }

   LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
   {
     PAINTSTRUCT ps;
     HDC hdc;
     switch (message)
     {
     case WM_PAINT:
           hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
           TextOut(hdc, 15, 3, "Hello, world!", 13);
           EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
           break;
     case WM_DESTROY:
           PostQuitMessage(0);
           break;
     default:
           return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
     }
     return 0;
   }

[modificar] Java

   import java.awt.*;
   import java.awt.event.*;

   public class QuadroDeSalutation extends Frame {
     QuadroDeSalutation(String titulo) {
       super(titulo);
     }
     public void paint(Graphics g) {
       super.paint(g);
       java.awt.Insets ins = this.getInsets();
       g.drawString("Hello, world!", ins.left + 25, ins.top + 25);
     }
     public static void main(String args [])
     {
       QuadroDeSalutation qua = new QuadroDeSalutation("Hello");

       qua.addWindowListener(
         new WindowAdapter() {
           public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
           {
             System.exit( 0 );
           }
         }
       );
       qua.setResizable(true);
       qua.setSize(500, 100);
       qua.setVisible(true);
     }
   }

[modificar] Ambiente graphic basate super navigator del web

[modificar] applet Java

Applets Java son appellate de archivos HTML.

   <html>
   <head>
   <title>Hallo Mundo</title>
   </head>
   <body>

Mi programma "hello world" dice:

   <applet code="HalloMundo.class" width="600" height="100">
   </applet>
   </body>
   </html>

   import java.applet.*;
   import java.awt.*;

   public class HalloMundo extends Applet {
     public void paint(Graphics g) {
       g.drawString("Hello, world!", 100, 50);
     }
   }

[modificar] JavaScript (o ECMAScript)

JavaScript (o ECMAScript) es un linguage de programmation de scripts incastrate in files HTML. Pro probar iste programma simplemente pone le codice sequente intra le elemento <head> de qualcunque file HTML.

    <script language="javascript">
    function halloMundo()
    {
        alert("Hello, world!");
    }
    </script>

    <a href="javascript:this.location()"
     onclick="javascript:halloMundo();">Programma "hello world"</a>

Un methodo plus facile usa le JavaScript in un maniera implicite, e appella le function reservate alert. Copia e colla le sequente codice intro le elemento <body> de un file HTML.

    <a href="#" onclick="alert('Hello, world!')">Programma "hello world"</a>

Un methodo ja plus facile usa le protocollo virtual 'javascript' (supportate per le majoritate de navigatores popular) pro executar le codice. Simplemente pone le linea sequente a in le campo de adresse de vostre navigator:

    javascript:alert('Hello, world!')

[modificar] XUL

   <window xmlns="http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul">
   <box align="center">
   <label value="Hello, world!" />
   </box>
   </window>

[modificar] Formatos de documentos

[modificar] ASCII

Le serie sequente de characteres (exprimite ci in notation hexadecimal):

    48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 77 6F 72 6C 64 21 0D 0A

[modificar] HTML

   <html>
   <head>
   <title>Hallo, Mundo!</title>
   </head>
   <body>

Hello, world!

   </body>
   </html>

[modificar] PostScript

   /font /Courier findfont 24 scalefont
   font setfont
   100 100 moveto
   (Hello world!) show
   showpage

[modificar] TeX

   \font\HW=cmr10 scaled 3000
   \leftline{\HW Hello world}
   \bye

[modificar] Ligamines externe

• http://www.latech.edu/~acm/HelloWorld.shtml — ACM Projecto "Hello World" (in anglese)
• http://www.cuillin.demon.co.uk/nazz/trivia/hw/hello_world.html — Un collection de programmas "Hello World" (in anglese)
• http://99-bottles-of-beer.ls-la.net/ — Un programma plus complexe in multissime linguages (in anglese)