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杜哈梅积分

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振动理论中,杜哈梅积分(Duhamel's integral)是求解线性系统在任意外载激励下响应的一种方法。由于使用面广,且易于数值化,因此杜哈梅积分成为今天在结构动力学中广泛应用的方法。

目录

[编辑] 概要介绍

[编辑] 问题背景

受随时间变化的外载p(t)和粘性阻尼作用下的线性单自由度(SDF)系统的运动方程是一个二阶常微分方程,可写为

m\frac{{d^2 x(t)}}{{dt^2 }} + c\frac{{dx(t)}}{{dt}} + kx(t) = p(t)

其中m为等效振子的质量,x代表系统振幅,t代表时间,c是粘性阻尼系数,k是系统刚度

若初始静止于平衡位置的系统在t=0时刻受到一个单位冲击载荷作用,即p(t)是一个狄拉克δ函数δ(t),x(0) = \left. {\frac{{dx}}{{dt}}} \right|_{t = 0} = 0,可以解得系统响应(称为单位脉冲响应函数)为

h(t)=\begin{cases} \frac{1}{{m\omega _d }}e^{ - \varsigma \omega _n t} \sin \omega _d t, & t > 0 \\ 0, & t < 0 \end{cases}

其中\varsigma  = \frac{c}{{2m\omega _n }}称为系统的阻尼比,ωn是系统在无阻尼状态下振动的固有圆频率,\omega _d  = \omega _n \sqrt {1 - \varsigma ^2 }是系统在当前存在的阻尼c作用下的实际振动圆频率。推广到任意时刻τ时受到冲击载荷δ(t − τ)作用的脉冲响应为

h(t - \tau ) = \frac{1}{{m\omega _d }}e^{ - \varsigma \omega _n (t - \tau )} \sin [\omega _d (t - \tau )]t \ge \tau

[编辑] 结论导出

将任意载荷p(t)视为一系列脉冲激励的迭加:

p(t) \approx \sum {p(\tau ) \cdot \Delta \tau  \cdot \delta } (t - \tau )

那么根据线性性质可知,系统的响应同样可以表示成对这一系列脉冲激励的响应函数的迭加:

x(t) \approx \sum {p(\tau ) \cdot \Delta \tau  \cdot h} (t - \tau )

\Delta \tau  \to 0时,连续求和转化为积分,此时上面的等式是严格成立的

x(t) = \int_0^t {p(\tau )h(t - \tau )d\tau }

h(t-τ)的表达式代入即得杜哈梅积分的一般形式:

x(t) = \frac{1}{{m\omega _d }}\int_0^t {p(\tau )e^{ - \varsigma \omega _n (t - \tau )} \sin [\omega _d (t - \tau )]d\tau }

[编辑] 参考文献

  • 倪振华 编著,《振动力学》,西安交通大学出版社,西安,1990
  • R. W. Clough, J. Penzien, Dynamics of Structures, Mc-Graw Hill Inc., New York, 1975. (中文版:R.W.克拉夫,J.彭津 著,王光远等 译,《结构动力学》,科学出版社,北京,1981)
  • Anil K. Chopra, Dynamics of Structures - Theory and applications to Earthquake Engineering, Pearson Education Asia Limited and Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, 2001
  • Leonard Meirovitch, Elements of Vibration Analysis, Mc-Graw Hill Inc., Singapore, 1986
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