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Kondensat Bose-Einstein

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Kondensat Bose-Einstein adalah sebuah fase benda yang terbentuk oleh boson didinginkan ke suhu yang mendekati nol mutlak. Kondensat pertama dibuat oleh Eric Cornell dan Carl Wieman pada 1995 di Universitas Colorado Boulder, menggunakan gas atom rubidium yang didinginkan sampai 170 nanoKelvin (nK). Dalam kondisi tersebut, sebagian besar atom jatuh ke keadaan kuantum terendah.

Velocity-distribution data confirming the discovery of a new phase of matter, the Bose-Einstein condensate, out of a gas of rubidium atoms. The artificial colors indicate the number of atoms at each velocity, with red being the fewest and white being the most. The areas appearing white and light blue are at the lowest velocities. Left: just before the appearance of the Bose-Einstein condensate. Center: just after the appearance of the condensate. Right: after further evaporation, leaving a sample of nearly pure condensate. The peak is not infinitely narrow because of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle: since the atoms are trapped in a particular region of space, their velocity distribution necessarily possesses a certain minimum width.
Perbesar
Velocity-distribution data confirming the discovery of a new phase of matter, the Bose-Einstein condensate, out of a gas of rubidium atoms. The artificial colors indicate the number of atoms at each velocity, with red being the fewest and white being the most. The areas appearing white and light blue are at the lowest velocities. Left: just before the appearance of the Bose-Einstein condensate. Center: just after the appearance of the condensate. Right: after further evaporation, leaving a sample of nearly pure condensate. The peak is not infinitely narrow because of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle: since the atoms are trapped in a particular region of space, their velocity distribution necessarily possesses a certain minimum width.

Daftar isi

[sunting] Perkenalan

Kondensat Bose-Einstein terkenal oleh orang awam sebagai suatu fluida suhu sangat rendah dengan sifat yang aneh, seperti dengan spontan mengalir keluar dari wadahnya. Efek ini adalah konsekuensi dari mekanika kuantum, yang menyatakan bahwa sistem hanya dapat mendapatkan energi dalam langkah terpisah. Sekarang, bila sebuah sistem dalam keadaan suhu sangat rendah di mana dia dalam keadaan energi terendahnya, dia tidak lagi dapat mengurangi energinya, juga tidak dengan gesekan. Oleh karena itu, tanpa gesekan, fluida akan mudah menolak gravitasi karena adhesi antara fluida dan tembok wadah, dan ia akan membentuk posisi yang paling menguntungkan, misal, ke seluruh wadah.

[sunting] Lihat juga

  • Gas Bose
  • Electromagnetically induced transparency
  • Kondensat fermionik
  • Gas dalam sebuah kotak
  • Slow glass
  • Superfluida
  • Superpadat
  • Atom super-berat
  • Gas Tonks-Girardeau

[sunting] Pranala luar

[sunting] Referensi

  • S. N. Bose, Z. Phys. 26, 178 (1924)
  • A. Einstein, Sitz. Ber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. (Berlin) 22, 261 (1924)
  • L.D. Landau, J. Phys. USSR 5, 71 (1941)
  • Templat:Journal reference
  • Templat:Journal reference
  • Templat:Journal reference.
  • Templat:Journal reference
  • Templat:Journal reference.
  • Templat:Journal reference
  • Templat:Journal reference
  • Templat:Journal reference.
  • Templat:Journal reference
  • Templat:Journal reference
  • Templat:Journal reference
  • Templat:Journal reference
  • C. J. Pethick and H. Smith, "Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001.
  • Lev P. Pitaevskii and S. Stringari, "Bose-Einstein Condensation", Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2003.
  • Mackie M, Suominen KA, Javanainen J., "Mean-field theory of Feshbach-resonant interactions in 85Rb condensates." Phys Rev Lett. 2002 Oct 28;89(18):180403.
  • Oxford Experimental BEC Group. http://www-matterwave.physics.ox.ac.uk/bec/bec.html
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