Tioumen
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| Administration | |
|---|---|
| Pays | Russie |
| Région | Sibérie de l'Ouest |
| District | Oural |
| Sujet | Oblast de Tioumen |
| Statut | |
| Gouverneur | |
| Maire | |
| Histoire | |
| Fondation | 1586 |
| Statut de ville | |
| Ancien(s) nom(s) | |
| Géographie | |
| Superficie | 235 km² |
| Altitude · Maximale · Moyenne · Minimale |
m m m |
| Démographie | |
| Population (2005) | 538 320 hab. |
| Densité | 2 290,7 hab./km² |
| Gentilé | |
| Num. internationale | |
| Code OKATO | |
| Codes téléphonique | |
| Code postal | |
| Immatriculation | |
| Site Internet | |
Tioumen (en russe Тюме́нь) est la capitale de de la région (oblast) de Tioumen dans le district fédéral de l'Oural. La ville est située au bord de la rivière Toura à 2 144 km à l'est de Moscou. Sa population est de 538 320 habitants (2005).
[modifier] Historique
Tioumen est la première ville créée en Sibérée en 1586 sur le site de la ville de Chimgi-Toura qui appartenait aux tatars de Sibérie Tyumen was the first Russian town in Siberia, founded in 1586 on the site of the Siberian Tatar town of Chimgi-Tura by Feodor I of Russia. The region of Tyumen part of Siberia Khanate was annexed to Russia by Yermak Timofeyevich in 1585 and the next year town of Tyumen was founded as a Russian fort post. Originally Streltsy and Cossacks made up majority of Tyumen population.
In the 17th–18th centuries, Tyumen became an important trade center on the routes to Central Asia, China and Persia as well as an important leather goods and handcraft making town. In 1763, about 7,000 people lived in Tyumen.
In 1836, the first steam boat of Siberia was built in Tyumen and in 1885 the town was reached by Trans-Siberian railway.
During the Russian Civil War Tyumen was first controlled by admiral Alexander Kolchak and his Siberian White Army, but in January of 1918 was taken by the Red Army.
During the 1930s Tyumen became a major Siberian industrial city of the Soviet Union. Steam-boats, cargo ships, furniture, fur and leather clothing were produced in Tyumen.
During World War II, known as the Great Patriotic War in Russia, Lenin's body was moved from Moscow to a disguised tomb located in what is now the Tyumen Agriculture Institute. Also during the war numerous factories were evacuated to Tyumen from the European part of the Soviet Union. Many kinds of military equipment was produced in the city. On August 14, 1944 Tyumen became the capital of extensive Tyumen Oblast. In 1948, oil was discovered in Tyumen region, and in the 1960s and 1970s the oil industry became a vital component of the city's economy.
Personnes célèbres nées à Tioumen:
- Irving Berlin
- Grigori Raspoutine
- Tamara Toumanova
- Vladislav Krapivin
[modifier] La ville moderne
Today Tyumen is an important center for the gas and oil industries in Russia. The living standards of Tyumen residents are second only to those of Moscow in Russia. Companies such as Gazprom, LUKoil and Yukos have much of their activities centered in Tyumen. UTair Airlines also based in Tyumen.
[modifier] Liens externes
- (ru) Site institutionnel
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