List of volcanoes in Indonesia

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Major volcanoes in Indonesia

This is a list of volcanoes in Indonesia. Most of these volcanoes are currently active. The geography of Indonesia mainly consists of volcanoes and they are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. These are formed due to the subduction zones between Eurasian plate and Indo-Australian plate. Some of the volcanoes are notable for their eruptions: Krakatoa in 1883,^[1] Lake Toba for its supervolcano eruption,^[2] and Mount Tambora in 1815 for the most violent eruption in recorded history.^[3]

Contents 1 Geographically 1.1 Sumatra 1.2 Sunda Strait and Java 1.3 Lesser Sunda Islands 1.4 Banda Sea 1.5 Sulawesi and Sangihe Islands 1.6 Halmahera 2 See also 3 References

[edit] Geographically

[edit] Sumatra

The geography of Sumatra island is dominated by a mountain range called Bukit Barisan (lit: "a row of hills"). It spans nearly 1,700 km (1,050 mi) from the northern tip to the southern tip of the island. The mountain range is formed due to subduction zone of the Australian tectonic plate that pushes the Sunda Plate to the northeast. This tectonic movement, known as Sunda Trench, has created many magma chambers beneath the island. 35 mountains on the island are active volcanos. Only one of them is formed separately as a small island. The largest volcano is the supervolcano Toba, that has left a large caldera known as Lake Toba in North Sumatra after its supervolcanic eruption in 74 ka BP with estimated scale 8 (the highest on VEI scale). The highest peak of the mountain range is Mount Kerinci with 3,800 m (12,467 ft).

Name	Shape	Elevation (m)	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Weh Island	stratovolcano	617	pleistocene	5.82° N 95.28° E
Seulawah Agam	stratovolcano	1,810	1839 (2)	5.448° N 95.658° E
Peuet Sague	complex volcano	2,801	25 December 2000 (2)	4.914° N 96.329° E
Geureudong	stratovolcano	2,885	1937	4.813° N 96.82° E
Kembar	shield volcano	2,245	pleistocene	3.850° N 97.664° E
Sibayak	stratovolcano	2,212	1881	3.23° N 98.52° E
Sinabung	stratovolcano	2,460	unknown	3.17° N 98.392° E
Toba	supervolcano	2,157	unknown	2.58° N 98.83° E
Helatoba-Tarutung	fumarole field	1,100	pleistocene	2.03° N 98.93° E
Imun	unknown	1,505	unknown	2.158° N 98.93° E
Sibualbuali	stratovolcano	1,819	unknown	1.556° N 99.255° E
Lubukraya	stratovolcano	1,862	unknown	1.478° N 99.209° E
Sorikmarapi	stratovolcano	2,145	1986 (1)	0.686° N 99.539° E
Talakmau	complex volcano	2,919	unknown	0.079° N 99.98° E
Sarik-Gajah	volcanic cone	unknown	unknown	0.008° N 100.20° E
Marapi	complex volcano	2,891	5 August 2004 (2)	0.381° S 100.473° E
Tandikat	stratovolcano	2,438	1924 (1)	0.433° S 100.317° E
Talang	stratovolcano	2,597	12 April 2005 (2)	0.978° S 100.679° E
Kerinci	stratovolcano	3,800	22 June 2004 (2)	1.697° S 101.264° E
Hutapanjang	stratovolcano	2,021	unknown	2.33° S 101.60° E
Sumbing	stratovolcano	2,507	23 May 1921 (2)	2.414° S 101.728° E
Kunyit	stratovolcano	2,151	unknown	2.592° S 101.63° E
Pendan	unknown	unknown	unknown	2.82° S 102.02° E
Belirang-Beriti	compound	1,958	unknown	2.82° S 102.18° E
Bukit Daun	stratovolcano	2,467	unknown	3.38° S 102.37° E
Kaba	stratovolcano	1,952	22 August 2000 (1)	3.52° S 102.62° E
Dempo	stratovolcano	3,173	October 1994 (1)	4.03° S 103.13° E
Patah	unknown	2,817	unknown	4.27° S 103.30° E
Bukit Lumut Balai	stratovolcano	2,055	unknown	4.23° S 103.62° E
Besar	stratovolcano	1,899	April 1940 (1)	4.43° S 103.67° E
Ranau	caldera	1,881	unknown	4.83° S 103.92° E
Sekincau Belirang	caldera	1,719	unknown	5.12° S 104.32° E
Suoh	maar	1,000	10 July 1933 (4)	5.25° S 104.27° E
Hulubelu	caldera	1,040	unknown	5.35° S 104.60° E
Rajabasa	stratovolcano	1,281	unknown	5.78° S 105.625° E

Sibayak

Lake Toba landsat image.

Marapi

Mount Kerinci, the highest on Sumatra.

Source: Global Volcanism Program.^[4]

[edit] Sunda Strait and Java

Sunda Strait is a strait between Sumatra and Java island. Krakatau is located in the strait, where it has erupted violently in 1883. The 1883 eruption has destroyed two-thirds of the island and has left a large caldera. A new parasitic cone has arisen, called Anak Krakatau or the child of Krakatau, with growth rate of 13 cm (5 in) per week.

Java is a relatively small island, compared to Sumatra, but it has denser concentration of active volcanos. In total, there are 45 active volcanos, not including 20 small craters and cones in the Dieng volcanic complex and young cones in Tengger Caldera complex. Some volcanos are grouped together in the list below, because of their close location. Several volcanos are highly active. Mount Merapi, Semeru and Kelut are the most active volcanos. Mount Semeru has been continously erupting since 1967. Ijen has a colorful caldera due to its high concentration of sulfur.

Name	Shape	Elevation (m)	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Krakatau	caldera	813	21 July 2001 (1)	6.102° S 105.423° E
Pulosari	stratovolcano	1,346	unknown	6.342° S 105.975° E
Karang	stratovolcano	1,778	unknown	6.27° S 106.042° E
Kiaraberes-Gagak	stratovolcano	1,511	6 April 1939 (1)	6.73° S 106.65° E
Perbakti	stratovolcano	1,699	unknown	6.75° S 106.68° E
Salak	stratovolcano	2,211	31 January 1938 (2)	6.72° S 106.73° E
Gede	stratovolcano	2,958	13 March 1957 (2)	6.78° S 106.98° E
Patuha	stratovolcano	2,434	unknown	7.160° S 107.40° E
Wayang-Windu	lava dome	2,182	unknown	7.208° S 107.63° E
Malabar	stratovolcano	2,343	unknown	7.13° S 107.65° E
Tangkuban Parahu	stratovolcano	2,084	14 September 1983 (1)	6.77° S 107.60° E
Papandayan	stratovolcano	2,665	11 November 2002 (2)	7.32° S 107.73° E
Kendang	stratovolcano	2,608	unknown	7.23° S 107.72° E
Kawah Kamojang	stratovolcano	1,730	pleistocene	7.125° S 107.80° E
Guntur	complex volcano	2,249	16 October 1847 (2)	7.143° S 107.840° E
Tampomas	stratovolcano	1,684	unknown	6.77° S 107.95° E
Galunggung	stratovolcano	2,168	9 January 1984 (1)	7.25° S 108.058° E
Talagabodas	stratovolcano	2,201	unknown	7.208° S 108.07° E
Kawah Karaha	fumarole	1,155	unknown	7.12° S 108.08° E
Cereme	stratovolcano	3,078	unknown	6.892° S 108.40° E
Slamet	stratovolcano	3,428	1 May 1999 (1)	7.242° S 109.208° E
Dieng	complex volcano	2,565	31 December 1996 (1)	7.20° S 109.92° E
Sundoro	stratovolcano	3,136	29 October 1971 (2)	7.30° S 109.992° E
Sumbing	stratovolcano	3,371	1730 (1)	7.384° S 110.070° E
Ungaran	stratovolcano	2,050	unknown	7.18° S 110.33° E
Telomoyo	stratovolcano	1,894	unknown	7.37° S 110.40° E
Merbabu	stratovolcano	3,145	1797 (2)	7.45° S 110.43° E
Merapi	stratovolcano	2,968	15 May 2006[5]	7.542° S 110.442° E
Muria	stratovolcano	1,625	160 BC ± 30 years	6.62° S 110.88° E
Lawu	stratovolcano	3,265	28 November 1885 (1)	7.625° S 111.192° E
Wilis	stratovolcano	2,563	unknown	7.808° S 111.758° E
Kelut	stratovolcano	1,731	10 February 1990 (4)	7.93° S 112.308° E
Kawi-Butak	stratovolcano	2,651	unknown	7.92° S 112.45° E
Arjuno-Welirang	stratovolcano	3,339	15 August 1952 (0)	7.725° S 112.58° E
Penanggungan	stratovolcano	1,653	unknown	7.62° S 112.63° E
Malang Plain	maar	680	unknown	8.02° S 112.68° E
Semeru	stratovolcano	3,676	1967–2006 continuing (3)	8.108° S 112.92° E
Tengger	stratovolcano	2,329	8 June 2004 (2)	7.942° S 112.95° E
Lamongan	stratovolcano	1,651	5 February 1898 (2)	7.979° S 113.342° E
Lurus	complex volcano	539	unknown	7.73° S 113.58° E
Iyang-Argapura	complex volcano	3,088	unknown	7.97° S 113.57° E
Raung	stratovolcano	3,332	2 June 2002 (2)	8.125° S 114.042° E
Ijen	stratovolcano	2,799	28 June 1999 (1)	8.058° S 114.242° E
Baluran	stratovolcano	1,247	unknown	7.85° S 114.37° E

Anak Krakatau or the child of Krakatau.

The "upturned boat" or Tangkuban Perahu shape, captured from Bandung.

Lightning strikes during the 1982 Galunggung eruption.

Mount Merapi, the most active volcano in Indonesia.

Semeru, the highest on Java and it is still erupting since 1967.

The turquiose colored sulfuric lake on the Ijen caldera.

Source: Global Volcanism Program.^[6][7]

[edit] Lesser Sunda Islands

Name	Shape	Elevation (m)	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Bratan	caldera	2,276	unknown	8.28° S 115.13° E
Batur	caldera	1,717	15 March 1999 (1)	8.242° S 115.375° E
Agung	stratovolcano	3,142	18 February 1963 (5)	8.342° S 115.508° E
Rinjani	stratovolcano	3,726	1 October 2004 (2)	8.42° S 116.47° E
Tambora	stratovolcano	2,850	1967 ± 20 years (0)	8.25° S 118.00° E
Sangeang Api	complex volcano	1,949	30 July 1985 (3)	8.20° S 119.07° E
Wai Sano	caldera	903	unknown	8.72° S 120.02° E
Poco Leok	unknown	1,675	unknown	8.68° S 120.48° E
Ranakah	lava dome	2,100	March 1991 (1)	8.62° S 120.52° E
Inierie	stratovolcano	2,245	8050 BC	8.875° S 120.95° E
Inieleka	complex vulcano	1,559	11 January 2001 (2)	8.73° S 120.98° E
Ebulobo	stratovolcano	2,124	27 February 1969 (2)	8.82° S 121.18° E
Iya	stratovolcano	637	27 January 1969 (3)	8.897° S 121.645° E
Sukaria	caldera	1,500	unknown	8.792° S 121.77° E
Ndete Napu	fumarole	750	unknown	8.72° S 121.78° E
Kelimutu	complex volcano	1,639	3 June 1968 (1)	8.77° S 121.82° E
Paluweh	stratovolcano	875	3 February 1985 (1)	8.32° S 121.708° E
Egon	stratovolcano	1,703	6 February 2005 (1)	8.67° S 122.45° E
Ilimuda	stratovolcano	1,100	unknown	8.478° S 122.671° E
Lewotobi	stratovolcano	1,703	30 May 2003 (2)	8.542° S 122.775° E
Leroboleng	complex volcano	1,117	26 June 2003 (3)	8.358° S 122.842° E
Riang Kotang	fumarole	200	unknown	8.30° S 122.892° E
Iliboleng	stratovolcano	1,659	June 1993 (1)	8.342° S 123.258° E
Lewotolo	stratovolcano	1,423	15 December 1951 (2)	8.272° S 123.505° E
Ililabalekan	stratovolcano	1,018	unknown	8.55° S 123.38° E
Iliwerung	complex volcano	1,018	22 May 1999 (0)	8.53° S 123.57° E
Batu Tara	stratovolcano	748	1847 (2)	7.792° S 123.579° E
Sirung	complex volcano	862	1970 (2)	8.508° S 124.13° E
Yersey	submarine	-3,800	unknown	7.53° S 123.95° E

Mount Agung on Bali island.

Rinjani eruption in 1984.

A large Mount Tambora caldera after the 1815 eruption.

One of three different colored lake of Kelimutu.

Source: Global Volcanism Program.^[8]

[edit] Banda Sea

Name	Shape	Elevation (m)	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Emperor of China	submarine	-2,850	unknown	6.62° S 124.22° E
Nieuwerkerk	submarine	-2,285	unknown	6.60° S 124.675° E
Wetar	stratovolcano	282	1699 (3)	6.642° S 126.65° E
Wurlali	stratovolcano	868	3 June 1892 (2)	7.125° S 128.675° E
Teon	stratovolcano	655	3 June 1904 (2)	6.92° S 129.125° E
Nila	stratovolcano	781	7 May 1968 (1)	6.73° S 129.50° E
Serua	stratovolcano	641	18 September 1921 (2)	6.30° S 130.00° E
Manuk	stratovolcano	282	unknown	5.53° S 130.292° E
Banda Api	caldera	640	9 May 1988 (3)	4.525° S 129.871° E

Source: Global Volcanism Program.^[9]

[edit] Sulawesi and Sangihe Islands

Name	Shape	Elevation (m)	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Colo	stratovolcano	507	18 July 1983 (4)	0.17° S 121.608° E
Ambang	complex volcano	1,795	1845 ± 5 years	0.75° N 124.42° E
Soputan	stratovolcano	1,784	26 December 2006 (1)	1.108° N 124.73° E
Sempu	caldera	1,549	unknown	1.13° N 124.758° E
Tondano	caldera	1,202	unknown	1.23° N 124.83° E
Lokon-Empung	stratovolcano	1,580	23 September 2003 (3)	1.358° N 124.792° E
Mahawu	stratovolcano	1,324	16 November 1977 (0)	1.358° N 124.858° E
Klabat	stratovolcano	1,995	unknown	1.47° N 125.03° E
Tongkoko	stratovolcano	1,149	1880 (1)	1.52° N 125.20° E
Ruang	stratovolcano	725	25 September 2002 (4)	2.30° N 125.37° E
Karangetang	stratovolcano	1,784	2 April 2005 (2)	2.78° N 125.40° E
Banua Wuhu	submarine	-5	18 July 1919 (3)	3.138° N 125.491° E
Awu	stratovolcano	1,320	2 June 2004 (2)	3.67° N 125.50° E

Source: Global Volcanism Program.^[10][11]

[edit] Halmahera

Name	Shape	Elevation (m)	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Tarakan	pyroclastic cone	318	unknown	1.83° N 127.83° E
Dukono	complex volcano	1,335	13 August 1933 (3)	1.68° N 127.88° E
Tobaru	unknown	1,035	unknown	1.63° N 127.67° E
Ibu	stratovolcano	1,325	May 2005 (0)	1.488° N 127.63° E
Gamkonora	stratovolcano	1,635	13 April 1987 (1)	1.38° N 127.53° E
Todoko-Ranu	caldera	979	unknown	1.25° N 127.47° E
Jailolo	stratovolcano	1,130	unknown	1.08° N 127.42° E
Hiri	stratovolcano	630	unknown	0.90° N 127.32° E
Gamalama	stratovolcano	1,715	31 July 2003 (2)	0.80° N 127.33° E
Tidore	stratovolcano	1,730	unknown	0.658° N 127.40° E
Mare	stratovolcano	308	unknown	0.57° N 127.40° E
Moti	stratovolcano	950	unknown	0.45° N 127.40° E
Makian	stratovolcano	1,357	29 July 1988 (3)	0.32° N 127.40° E
Tigalalu	stratovolcano	422	unknown	0.07° N 127.42° E
Amasing	stratovolcano	1,030	unknown	0.53° S 127.48° E
Bibinoi	stratovolcano	900	unknown	0.77° S 127.72° E

Gamalama on Ternate island.

Source: Global Volcanism Program.^[12]

[edit] See also

• Volcanic Explosivity Index

[edit] References

Indonesia Portal

1. ^ Winchester, Simon (2003). Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883. HarperCollins. ISBN 0066212855.
2. ^ Oppenheimer, C. (2002). "Limited global change due to the largest known Quaternary eruption, Toba ≈74 kyr BP?". Quarternary Science Reviews 21 (14–15): 1593–1609.
3. ^ Stothers, Richard B. (1984). "The Great Tambora Eruption in 1815 and Its Aftermath". Science 224 (4654): 1191-1198.
4. ^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Sumatra. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
5. ^ "Mount Merapi Erupts", ANTARA, 15 May 2006. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
6. ^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Krakatau. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
7. ^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Java. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
8. ^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Lesser Sunda Islands. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
9. ^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Banda Sea. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
10. ^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Sulawesi. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
11. ^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Sangihe Islands. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
12. ^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Halmahera. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.

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Categories: Lists of terrestrial volcanoes | Geography of Indonesia

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - be - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - closed_zh_tw - co - cr - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - haw - he - hi - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - ms - mt - mus - my - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - ru_sib - rw - sa - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - searchcom - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sq - sr - ss - st - su - sv - sw - ta - te - test - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tokipona - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu