List of planetary probes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This list includes all individual planetary probes that have studied/were to/will study solar system objects:
(this list is still incomplete)
Contents |
[edit] Solar probes
This list excludes Earth-orbiting observatories
- Pioneer 5 (USA, 1960) - success
- Pioneer 6 (USA, 1965) - success
- Pioneer 7 (USA, 1966) - success
- Pioneer 8 (USA, 1967) - success
- Pioneer 9 (USA, 1968) - success
- Helios 1 (USA/Germany, 1974) - success
- Helios 2 (USA/Germany, 1976) - success
- Ulysses (ESA/USA, 1994) - success - south polar observations
- Ulysses (ESA/USA, 1995) - success - north polar observations
- SOHO (ESA/USA, 1995-??) - success - solar monitor (still active)
- Ulysses (ESA/USA, 2000) - success - south polar observations
- Ulysses (ESA/USA, 2001) - success - north polar observations
- Genesis (USA, 2001-2004) - partial success (crash landed upon reentry) - sample return
- STEREO (USA, 2006) - launched
- Solar Orbiter (ESA, 2015) - planned
[edit] Mercury probes
- Mariner 10 (USA, 1974) - success - flyby
- Mariner 10 (USA, 1974) - success - flyby
- Mariner 10 (USA, 1975) - success - flyby
- MESSENGER (USA, 2008) - launched - flyby
- MESSENGER (USA, 2008) - launched - flyby
- MESSENGER (USA, 2009) - launched - flyby
- MESSENGER(USA, 2011-12) - launched - orbiter
- BepiColombo (ESA/Japan, ????-??) - under construction - orbiters
- MPO (ESA, ????-??) - under construction - orbiter
- MMO (Japan, ????-??) - under construction - orbiter
- MSE (ESA, ????) - cancelled - lander
[edit] Venus probes
- Venera 1 (Soviet Union, 1961) - failure - flyby
- Mariner 1 (USA, 1962) - failure - flyby
- Mariner 2 (USA, 1962) - success - flyby
- Zond 1 (Soviet Union, 1964) - failure - flyby
- Venera 2 (Soviet Union, 1966) - failure - flyby
- Venera 3 (Soviet Union, 1966) - failure - atmospheric probe
- Venera 4 (Soviet Union, 1967) - success - atmospheric probe
- Venera 5 (Soviet Union, 1969) - success - atmospheric probe
- Venera 6 (Soviet Union, 1969) - success - atmospheric probe
- Venera 7 (Soviet Union, 1970) - success - lander
- Venera 8 (Soviet Union, 1972) - success - lander
- Mariner 10 (USA, 1974) - success - flyby
- Venera 9 (Soviet Union, 1975) - success - orbiter
- ??? (Soviet Union, 1975) - success - lander
- Venera 10 (Soviet Union, 1975) - success - orbiter
- ??? (Soviet Union, 1975) - success - lander
- Venera 11 (Soviet Union, 1978) - success - flyby
- ??? (Soviet Union, 1978) - partial success - lander
- Venera 12 (Soviet Union, 1978) - success - flyby
- ??? (Soviet Union, 1978) - partial success - lander
- Pioneer Venus Orbiter (USA, 1978-1992) - success - orbiter
- Pioneer Venus Multiprobe (USA, 1978) - success
- Bus
- Large Probe - atmospheric probe
- North Probe - atmospheric probe
- Day Probe - atmospheric probe
- Night Probe - atmospheric probe
- Venera 13 (Soviet Union, 1982) - success - flyby
- ??? (Soviet Union, 1982) - success - lander
- Venera 14 (Soviet Union, 1982) - success - flyby
- ??? (Soviet Union, 1982) - success - lander
- Venera 15 (Soviet Union, 1983-1984) - success - orbiter
- Venera 16 (Soviet Union, 1983-1984) - success - orbiter
- Vega 1 (Soviet Union, 1985) - success - flyby
- ??? (Soviet Union, 1985) - failure - lander
- ??? (Soviet Union, 1985) - success - atmospheric balloon
- Vega 2 (Soviet Union, 1985) - success - flyby
- ??? (Soviet Union, 1985) - success - lander
- ??? (Soviet Union, 1985) - success - atmospheric balloon
- Magellan (USA, 1990-1994) - success - orbiter
- Galileo (USA, 1990) - success - flyby
- Cassini (USA, 1998) - success - flyby
- Cassini (USA, 1999) - success - flyby
- Venus Express (ESA, 2006-??) - in orbit - orbiter
- MESSENGER (USA, 2006) - success - flyby
- MESSENGER (USA, 2007) - launched - flyby
- PLANET-C (Japan, 2010) - planned - orbiter
[edit] Earth probes
See also Timeline of Earth science satellites
Flybys only
- Sakigake (Japan, 1985-1999) - flyby
- Galileo (USA, 1990) - success - flyby
- Galileo (USA, 1992) - success - flyby
- NEAR Shoemaker (USA, 1998) - success - flyby
- Cassini (USA, 1999) - success - flyby
- Hayabusa (Japan, 2004) - success - flyby
- Rosetta (ESA, 2005) - success - flyby
- MESSENGER (USA, 2005) - success - flyby
- Rosetta (ESA, 2007) - yet to arrive - flyby
[edit] Lunar probes
- Pioneer 0 (USA, 1958) - failure - orbiter
- Pioneer 1 (USA, 1958) - failure - orbiter
- Pioneer 3 (USA, 1958) - failure - flyby
- Luna 1 (Soviet Union, 1959) - success - flyby
- Pioneer 4 (USA, 1959) - partial success - flyby
- Luna 2 (Soviet Union, 1959) - success - impactor
- Luna 3 (Soviet Union, 1959) - success - flyby
- Ranger 3 (USA, 1962) - failure - impactor
- Ranger 4 (USA, 1962) - success - impactor
- Ranger 5 (USA, 1962) - partial failure - impactor (became flyby)
- Luna 4 (Soviet Union, 1963) - partial failure - lander (became probe)
- Ranger 6 (USA, 1964) - failure - impactor
- Ranger 7 (USA, 1964) - success - impactor
- Ranger 8 (USA, 1964) - success - impactor
- Ranger 9 (USA, 1964) - success - impactor
- Zond 3 (Soviet Union, 1965) - success - flyby
- Luna 9 (Soviet Union, 1966) - success - lander
- Luna 10 (Soviet Union, 1966) - success - orbiter
- Surveyor 1 (USA, 1966) - success - lander
- Luna 11 (Soviet Union, 1966) - success - orbiter
- Surveyor 2 (USA, 1966) - crashed - lander
- Luna 12 (Soviet Union, 1966-67) - success - orbiter
- Luna 13 (Soviet Union, 1966) - success - lander
- Lunar Orbiter 1 (USA, 1966) - success - orbiter
- Lunar Orbiter 2 (USA, 1966-67) - success - orbiter
- Explorer 35 (USA, 1967-73) - success - orbiter
- Lunar Orbiter 3 (USA, 1967) - success - orbiter
- Lunar Orbiter 4 (USA, 1967) - success - orbiter
- Lunar Orbiter 5 (USA, 1967-68) - success - orbiter
- Surveyor 3 (USA, 1967) - success - lander
- Surveyor 4 (USA, 1967) - crashed - lander
- Surveyor 5 (USA, 1967) - success - lander
- Surveyor 6 (USA, 1967) - success - lander
- Surveyor 7 (USA, 1968) - success - lander
- Luna 14 (Soviet Union, 1968) - success - orbiter
- Zond 5 (Soviet Union, 1968) - success - flyby
- Zond 6 (Soviet Union, 1968) - success - flyby
- Zond 7 (Soviet Union, 1969) - success - flyby
- Luna 16 (Soviet Union, 1970) - success - sample return
- Luna 17 (Soviet Union, 1970) - success - lander
- Lunokhod 1 (Soviet Union, 1970-71) - success - rover
- Zond 8 (Soviet Union, 1970) - success - flyby
- Luna 19 (Soviet Union, 1971-72) - success - orbiter
- Luna 20 (Soviet Union, 1972) - success - lander
- Luna 21 (Soviet Union, 1973) - success - lander
- Lunokhod 2 (Soviet Union, 1973) - success - rover
- Luna 22 (Soviet Union, 1974-75) - success - orbiter
- Luna 24 (Soviet Union, 1976) - success - lander
- Hiten (Japan, 1990-93) - success - orbiter
- Hagoromo (Japan, 1990) - failure - orbiter
- Clementine (USA, 1994) - success - orbiter
- Lunar Prospector (USA, 1998-99) - success - orbiter
- SMART-1 (ESA, 2003-06) - success - orbiter
- Chandrayaan I (ISRO, 2007) - planned - orbiter, impact probe
- Chang'e 1 (CNSA, 2007) - under study - orbiter
- SELENE (Japan, 2007) - not yet launched - orbiter, lander
- Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (USA, 2008) - planned - orbiter
- LCROSS (USA, 2008) - planned - impactor
- LUNAR-A (Japan, ????) - not yet launched - orbiter, penetrators
[edit] Mars probes
- Mars 1960A (Soviet Union, 1960) - failure
- Mars 1960B (Soviet Union, 1960) - failure
- Mars 1962A (Soviet Union, 1962) - failure - flyby
- Mars 1 (Soviet Union, 1962) - failure - flyby
- Mars 1962B (Soviet Union, 1962) - failure - lander
- Mariner 3 (USA, 1964) - failure - flyby
- Zond 2 (Soviet Union, 1964) - failure - flyby
- Mariner 4 (USA, 1964) - success - flyby
- Mariner 6 (USA, 1969) - success - flyby
- Mariner 7 (USA, 1969) - success - flyby
- Mariner 8 (USA, 1971) - failure - orbiter
- Mariner 9 (USA, 1971) - success - orbiter
- Mars 2 (Soviet Union, 1971) - partial success - orbiter
- Mars 2 Lander (Soviet Union, 1971) - failure - lander
- Mars 3 (Soviet Union, 1971) - partial failure - orbiter
- Mars 3 Lander (Soviet Union, 1971) - failure - lander
- Cosmos 419 (Soviet Union, 1971) - failure
- Mars 4 (Soviet Union, 1973) - failure - orbiter
- Mars 5 (Soviet Union, 1973) - success - orbiter
- Mars 6 (Soviet Union, 1973) - success - flyby
- Mars 6 Lander (Soviet Union, 1973) - failure - lander
- Mars 7 (Soviet Union, 1973) - success - flyby
- Mars 7 Lander (Soviet Union, 1973) - failure - lander
- Viking 1 Orbiter (USA, 1976-80) - success - orbiter
- Viking 1 Lander (USA, 1976-82) - success - lander
- Viking 2 Orbiter (USA, 1976-78) - success - orbiter
- Viking 2 Lander (USA, 1976-80) - success - lander
- Phobos 1 (Soviet Union, 1988) - failure - orbiter
- Phobos 2 (Soviet Union, 1988) - partial success - orbiter
- Mars Observer (USA, 1992) - failure - orbiter
- Mars 96 (Russia, 1997) - failure - orbiter
- ??? (Russia, 1997) - failure - lander
- ??? (Russia, 1997) - failure - lander
- ??? (Russia, 1997) - failure - penetrator
- ??? (Russia, 1997) - failure - penetrator
- Mars Pathfinder (USA, 1997) - success - lander
- Sojourner (USA, 1997) - success - rover
- Mars Global Surveyor (USA, 1997-??) - success - orbiter (still active)
- Mars Climate Orbiter (USA, 1998) - failure - orbiter
- Mars Polar Lander (USA, 1998) - failure - lander
- Deep Space 2 "Amundsen" (USA, 1998) - failure - penetrator
- Deep Space 2 "Scott" (USA, 1998) - failure - penetrator
- 2001 Mars Odyssey (USA, 2001-??) - in orbit - orbiter (still active)
- Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander (USA, 2001) - cancelled - lander
- Nozomi (Japan, 2003) - failure - orbiter
- MER-A "Spirit" (USA, 2004-??) - success - rover (still active)
- MER-B "Opportunity" (USA, 2004-??) - success - rover (still active)
- Mars Express (ESA, 2004-??) - in orbit - orbiter (still active)
- Beagle 2 (UK, 2004) - failure - lander
- Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (USA, 2006-??) - in orbit - orbiter
- Rosetta (ESA, 2007) - yet to arrive - flyby
- Phoenix (USA, 2008) - under construction - lander
- Mars Telecommunications Orbiter (USA, 2010) - cancelled - orbiter
- Mars Science Laboratory (USA, 2009) - under construction - rover
- ExoMars (ESA, 2013) - planned - rover
[edit] Phobos probes
- Phobos 1 (Soviet Union, 1988) - failure - lander
- Phobos 2 (Soviet Union, 1988) - failure - lander
- Phobos-Grunt (Russia, 2009) - planned - sample return
[edit] Jupiter probes
- Pioneer 10 (USA, 1973) - success - flyby
- Pioneer 11 (USA, 1974) - success - flyby
- Voyager 1 (USA, 1979) - success - flyby
- Voyager 2 (USA, 1979) - success - flyby
- Ulysses (ESA/USA, 1992) - success - flyby
- Galileo Orbiter (USA, 1995-2003) - success - orbiter
- Galileo Probe (USA, 1995) - success - atmospheric probe
- Cassini (USA, 2000-01) - success - flyby
- Ulysses (ESA/USA, 2003-2004) - success - flyby
- New Horizons (USA, 2007) - yet to arrive - flyby
- Juno (USA, 2010) - under study - orbiter
[edit] Amalthea probes
- Galileo Orbiter (USA, 2002) - success - flyby
[edit] Io probes
- Galileo Orbiter (USA) - success - multiple flybys
[edit] Europa probes
- Galileo Orbiter (USA) - success - multiple flybys
- Europa Orbiter (USA, ????) - cancelled - orbiter
- Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (USA, ????) - cancelled - orbiter
[edit] Ganymede probes
- Galileo Orbiter (USA) - success - multiple flybys
- Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (USA, ????) - cancelled - orbiter
[edit] Callisto probes
- Galileo Orbiter (USA) - success - multiple flybys
- Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (USA, ????) - cancelled - orbiter
[edit] Saturn probes
- Pioneer 11 (USA, 1979) - success - flyby
- Voyager 1 (USA, 1980) - success - flyby
- Voyager 2 (USA, 1981) - success - flyby
- Cassini (USA, 2004-??) - in orbit - orbiter (still active)
[edit] Mimas probes
[edit] Enceladus probes
[edit] Tethys probes
[edit] Dione probes
[edit] Rhea probes
[edit] Titan probes
[edit] Hyperion probes
[edit] Iapetus probes
[edit] Phoebe probes
[edit] Uranus probes
[edit] Neptune probes
- Voyager 2 (USA, 1989) - success - flyby
- Neptune Orbiter (USA, ????) - under study - orbiter
[edit] Pluto probes
- Pluto Fast Flyby (USA, 2010) - cancelled - flyby
- Pluto Express (USA, 2012) - cancelled - flyby
- New Horizons (USA, 2015) - yet to arrive - flyby
[edit] Asteroid probes
[edit] 1 Ceres
[edit] 4 Vesta
[edit] 21 Lutetia
[edit] 243 Ida
[edit] 253 Mathilde
- NEAR Shoemaker (USA, 1997) - success - flyby
[edit] 433 Eros
- NEAR Shoemaker (USA, 1999) - flyby (failed orbital insertion)
- NEAR Shoemaker (USA, 2000-01) - success - orbiter
- NEAR Shoemaker (USA, 2001) - success - improvised lander
[edit] 951 Gaspra
[edit] 2867 Šteins
[edit] 3840 Mimistrobell
[edit] 4660 Nereus
- Hayabusa (Japan, ????) - cancelled - sample return
- SSV (USA, ????) - cancelled - rover
- NEAP (????) - sample return
[edit] 4979 Otawara
[edit] 5535 Annefrank
[edit] 9969 Braille
- Deep Space 1 (USA, 1999) - partial success - flyby
[edit] 25143 Itokawa
- Hayabusa (Japan, 2005) - arrived - sample return
- MINERVA (Japan, 2005) - failure - hopper
- SSV (USA, ????) - cancelled - rover
[edit] 2002 JF56
- New Horizons (USA, 2006) - success - distant flyby
[edit] Comet probes
[edit] 1P/Halley
- Giotto (ESA, 1986) - success - flyby
- Vega 1 (Soviet Union, 1986) - success - flyby
- Vega 2 (Soviet Union, 1986) - success - flyby
- Sakigake (Japan, 1986) - success - flyby
- Suisei (Japan, 1986) - success - flyby
[edit] 2P/Encke
[edit] 6P/d'Arrest
[edit] 9P/Tempel
- Deep Impact (USA, 2005) - success - flyby
- Impactor (USA, 2005) - success - impactor
- Stardust (USA, 2010) - under consideration - flyby
[edit] 19P/Borrelly
- Deep Space 1 (USA, 2001) - success - flyby
[edit] 21P/Giacobini-Zinner
[edit] 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup
[edit] 46P/Wirtanen
[edit] 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
[edit] 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann
[edit] 81P/Wild 2
[edit] 85P/Boethin
- Deep Impact (USA, 2008) - possible target, yet to arrive - flyby
[edit] See also
Spacecraft by type |
Astronomical | Communications | Earth observing | Launch vehicles Manned | Navigation | Planetary probes | Reconnaissance |