Kipchak language
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The Kipchak language (also spelled Qypchaq) is an extinct Turkic language of the Kipchak-Bolghar group.
The descendants of the Kipchak language include the majority of Turkic languages spoken in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus today (e.g., Crimean Tatar), as Kipchak was used as a lingua franca in Golden Horde-ruled lands.
Siberian Tatars are remnants of Eastern Kipchak tribes who lived in Northern Kazakhstan in the 10th century, but migrated to Europe later. So, their language originates from a more isolated form of earlier Kipchak, although their language was later influenced by Volga Tatar, which also partly originated from Kipchak.
Bolgar-speaking Volga Bulgarians (or Kazan Tatars), Astrakhan Tatars, Balkars, Bashkirs and Mongolian aristocracy adopted the Kipchak language in the days of the Golden Horde. Later, the modern Tatar of the Kazan Tatars, and other languages appeared.
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| West Turkic | |||
| Bolgar | Bolgar* | Chuvash | Khazar* | ||
| Chagatay | Aini | Chagatay* | Ili Turki | Lop | Uyghur | Uzbek | ||
| Kypchak | Baraba | Bashkir | Crimean Tatar1 | Cuman* | Karachay-Balkar | Karaim | Karakalpak | Kazakh | Kipchak* | Krymchak | Kumyk | Nogay | Tatar | Urum1 | ||
| Oghuz | Afshar | Azerbaijani | Crimean Tatar1 | Gagauz | Khorasani Turkish | Ottoman Turkish* | Pecheneg* | Qashqai | Salar | Turkish | Turkmen | Urum1 | ||
| East Turkic | |||
| Khalaj | Khalaj | ||
| Kyrgyz-Kypchak | Altay | Kyrgyz | ||
| Uyghur | Chulym | Dolgan | Fuyü Gïrgïs | Khakas | Northern Altay | Shor | Tofa | Tuvan | Western Yugur | Yakut | ||
| Old Turkic* | |||
| Notes: 1 Listed in more than one group, * Extinct | |||
