David O. McKay
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| David O. McKay | |
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| Full name | David Oman McKay |
| Born | September 8, 1873 |
| Place of birth | Huntsville, Utah |
| Died | January 18, 1970 |
| Place of death | Salt Lake City, Utah |
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| Ordained | April 9, 1951 |
| Predecessor | George Albert Smith |
| Successor | Joseph Fielding Smith |
- This article is about a President of the LDS Church. For the Scottish actor, see David McKay.
David Oman McKay (September 8, 1873 – January 18, 1970) was the ninth President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ("LDS Church"; see also Mormon), serving from 1951 until his death in 1970. Ordained an Apostle and member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in 1906, he was a General Authority for nearly sixty-four years, longer than anyone else in LDS Church history.
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[edit] Early life
The third child of David McKay and Jennette Eveline Evans McKay, David Oman McKay was born on his father’s farm in Huntsville, Utah about 10 miles east of Ogden. McKay’s father was a Scottish immigrant and was called on a two-year church mission to Scotland in 1880 after David O. McKay’s two older sisters died. The young David McKay took on responsibilities to help his mother.
McKay graduated from the University of Utah in 1897 as valedictorian and class president. Immediately afterward he was called on a mission to Great Britain. Like his father, he presided over the Scottish district.
Upon his return in fall 1899, McKay taught at the high school level LDS Weber stake academy and became principal in 1902. He married Emma Ray Riggs in the Salt Lake Temple on January 2, 1901. McKay planned on a career in education and educational administration until called to a full time church position in 1906.
In 1905 Elders John W. Taylor and Matthias F. Cowley resigned from the quorum due to disagreement over the manifesto forbidding polygamy. In early 1906, Elder Marriner W. Merrill died. With three vacancies in the quorum, George F. Richards, Orson F. Whitney and David O. McKay were called in the April General Conference of 1906. David O. McKay was only 32 at the time.
Despite his church position, Elder McKay stayed active in education. He continued serving as principal of the academy until 1908, and served on the Weber school's board of trustees until 1922 and on the University of Utah's board of regents from 1921 to 1922.
[edit] Influence on Education
Within the leadership of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, McKay maintained his focus on education. As superintendent of LDS Sunday school from 1918 to 1934, he built LDS seminary buildings by public high schools throughout the state of Utah. Adjacent seminary buildings allowed students to take LDS religious courses along with their secular high school education. McKay also transferred three LDS colleges to the state of Utah in the 1920s: Snow College, Weber State University and Dixie College. He guided the remaining LDS school in Utah, Brigham Young University into a full four-year university.
Interestingly, the State of Utah underfunded the institutions and in 1953 the governor, J. Bracken Lee, offered to give them back to the LDS Church. McKay, then president of the Church said he'd accept them, but the proposal failed on voter referendum.
Besides church education, McKay stressed missionary work, and traveled Europe extensively. Memorably, he promoted the motto “every member a missionary.” McKay even set a goal that every member should convert one new member each year.
Heber J. Grant chose McKay to serve as Second Counselor in the First Presidency in 1934. He served in the presidency under Church Presidents Heber J. Grant and George Albert Smith until 1951. In 1950 he became President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, that is, the most senior Apostle. He then succeeded President Smith on the latter's death, and was ordained on April 9, 1951.
In honor of his years of dedicated service as an educator, the Brigham Young University School of Education was named the McKay School of Education.
[edit] As President of the Church
At 77 years, McKay would be president of the LDS Church for 19 years until his death. In this period, the number of members and stakes in the Church nearly tripled, from 1.1 million to 2.8 million, and 184 to 500 respectively. (As of year-end 2005, there are about 12.6 million members and 2,700 stakes.)
McKay was outspoken in his opposition to communism, which he saw as philosophically opposed to faith given its atheist underpinnings and its denial of freedom of choice. Furthermore, communist nations generally forbid proselytizing by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Under McKay's administration, the Church's stance on Africans holding the priesthood was softened. Beginning in the mid-1950s, members of suspected African descent no longer needed to prove their lineage was not African. Instead the church allowed dark-skinned members to hold the priesthood unless it was provable they were African. This policy made proselytizing and priesthood ordination much easier in South America and other racially mixed areas like South Africa. Blacks of verifiable African descent (including most in the US) were not allowed to hold the priesthood until after McKay's death in 1970, under Spencer W. Kimball.
Under the auspices of the First Presidency, the Church of Jesus Christ spearheaded the Priesthood Correlation Program in 1961. By the 1970s priesthood quorums directed women-led organizations like the Relief Society at all levels. Such organization became known as auxiliaries. Mormon feminists like Sonia Johnson found the emphasis on Priesthood Correlation to be sexist, a means to put the entire church under Patriarchy. Nonetheless, priesthood correlation continues to be a feature of the LDS Church.
David O. McKay kept a steady pace of travel until he entered his 90s. His deteriorating health led to the appointment of an additional counselor to the first presidency, as the existing leaders were increasingly infirm and often unable to preside at church meetings. He died on January 18, 1970, at age 96.
[edit] Family Ties
McKay has multiple family ties to other influential Latter-day Saints and Utahns. His younger brother, Thomas Evans McKay (1875 - 1958) was a prominent missionary and mission leader for the LDS Church in Switzerland and Germany. He also served as an Assistant to the Quorum of Twelve Apostles between 1941 and 1958.
McKay's niece, Fawn McKay Brodie, was the author of the controversial book No Man Knows My History, a highly critical biography of Church founder Joseph Smith, Jr. which led to her eventual excommunication from the LDS Church.
One of his granddaughters is the wife of US Senator Robert Foster Bennett, and another grandchild, Alan Ashton, was the co-founder and half-owner of early software titan WordPerfect, which was eventually sold off to Novell and then to Corel.
A building at Utah Valley State College in Orem, the David O. McKay Events Center, was named for him after an anonymous multimillion dollar contribution was given in his honor, probably by grandson Ashton.
[edit] Quotations
- Prediction of the Fall of Russian Communism: Russia enveloped with communism - a new religious freedom must come. God will overrule it, for that people must hear the truth, and truth in simplicity. Truly there is much for the church to do in the coming century. David O. McKay at Brigham Young University, reported in the Church News, May 28, 1960.
[edit] Works
- McKay, David O. (1964). Ancient Apostles. Deseret Book.
- McKay, David O. (1955). Cherished Experiences from the Writings of President David O. McKay, compiled by Clare Middlemiss, Deseret Book.
- McKay, David O. (1953). Gospel Ideas: Selections from the Discourses of David O. McKay, selected by G. Homer Durham, Improvement Era.
- McKay, David O. (1959). Home Memories of President David O. McKay, compiled by Llewelyn R. McKay, Deseret Book.
- McKay, David O. (1967). Man May Know for Himself: Teachings of President David O. McKay, compiled by Clare Middlemiss, Deseret Book.
- McKay, David O. (1973). "My Young Friends...": President McKay Speaks to Youth. Bookcraft.
- McKay, David O. (1957). Pathways to Happiness, compiled by Llewelyn R. McKay, Bookcraft.
- McKay, David O. (1960). Secrets of a Happy Life, compiled by Llewelyn R. McKay, Prentice Hall.
- McKay, David O. (1971). Stepping Stones to an Abundant Life, compiled by Llewelyn R. McKay, Deseret Book.
- McKay, David O. (1962). Treasures of Life, compiled by Clare M. Middlemiss, Deseret Book.
- McKay, David O. (1966). True to the Faith: From the Sermons and Discourses of David O. McKay, compiled by Llewelyn R. McKay, Bookcraft.
- McKay, David O. (1999). Stan Larson and Patricia Larson.: What E'er Thou Art Act Well Thy Part: The Mission Diaries of David O. McKay. Blue Ribbon Books.
[edit] External links
- David O. McKay School of Education at Brigham Young University
- David O. McKay - copy of article from the Encyclopedia of Mormonism.
- David O. McKay Champion of Freedom - patriotic quotes of David O. McKay.
[edit] References
- Ludlow, Daniel H., Editor. Church History, Selections from the Encyclopedia of Mormonism. Deseret Book Company, Salt Lake City, UT, 1992. ISBN 0-87579-924-8.
- Prince, Gregory and Wright, Wm. Robert. David O. McKay and the Rise of Modern Mormonism. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, UT, 2005. ISBN 0-87480-822-7.
| Preceded by: George Albert Smith |
President of the LDS Church April 9, 1951–January 18, 1970 |
Succeeded by: Joseph Fielding Smith |
| Preceded by: George F. Richards |
President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles August 8, 1950–April 9, 1951 |
Succeeded by: Joseph Fielding Smith |
| Preceded by: Orson F. Whitney |
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles April 9, 1906–April 9, 1951 |
Succeeded by: Anthony W. Ivins |
