Darmstadt

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For other uses, see Darmstadt (disambiguation).

Darmstadt


Country	Germany
State	Hesse
Administrative region	Darmstadt
District	urban district
Population	140,129 source (2005)
Area	122.23 km²
Population density	1,146 /km²
Elevation	144 m
Coordinates	49°52′ N 8°39′ E
Postal code	64283-64297
Area code	06151, 06150
Licence plate code	DA
Mayor	Walter Hoffmann (SPD)
Website	darmstadt.de

Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland (federal state) of Hessen in Germany. As of 2005, its population was 138,500. The city is located in the southern part of the Rhine Main Metropolitan Area.

1 History
2 Sights
3 Institutions
4 Sons and Daughters of the City
5 Military
6 Trivia
7 Twinning
8 External links
- 8.1 Notable institutions

[edit] History

The name Darmstadt first appears towards the end of the 11th century, then Darmundestat; Darmstadt was chartered as a city by the Holy Roman Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian in 1330. The seat of the ruling landgraves (1567-1806) and thereafter (to 1918) to the Grand Dukes of Hesse, the city grew in population during the 19th century from little over 10,000 to 72,000 inhabitants. A polytechnical school, which later became a Technical University now known as TU Darmstadt, was established in 1877.

In the beginning of the 20th Century Darmstadt was an important centre for the art movement of Jugendstil, the German variant of Art Nouveau. Annual architectural competitions led to the building of many architectural treasures of this period. Also during this period, in 1912 the chemist Anton Kollisch, working for the pharmaceutical company Merck, first synthesised the chemical MDMA (ecstasy) in Darmstadt.

Darmstadt's municipal area was extended in 1937 to include the neighbouring localities of Arheilgen [not Arheiligen] and Eberstadt, and in 1938 the city was separated administratively from the surrounding district (Kreis). Its old city centre was largely destroyed in a British bombing raid of September 11, 1944, which killed an estimated 12,300 inhabitants and rendered 66,000 homeless. Most of Darmstadt's 3000 Jews were killed by the Nazi regime between 1933 and 1945.

Darmstadt is home to many technology companies and research institutes, and has been promoting itself as a "city of science" since 1997. It is well known as the high-tech centre in the vicinity of Frankfurt Airport, with important activities in spacecraft operations, chemistry, pharmacy, information technology, biotechnology, telecommunications and mechatronics. The TU Darmstadt is one of the important technical institutes in Germany and is well known for its research and teaching in the Electrical, Mechanical and Civil Engineering disciplines.

[edit] Sights

Darmstadt, Market Square around 1900

The palace of Darmstadt is located in the city centre. It was the residence of the counts of Hesse-Darmstadt, later as Grand Dukes of Hesse by the grace of Napoleon. Its current look was established in the 18th century. The counts also owned a castle on the Langenberg above the city. This castle dates back to the 13th century, but it was acquired by the counts of Hessen-Darmstadt in 1662. The name of the castle is Frankenstein. Mary Shelley probably adopted the name for her novel Frankenstein (1818). Before writing the story, she had travelled through the region and visited Eberstadt (today a borough of Darmstadt), so the castle could have given her the inspiration.

The Luisenplatz, the largest square of the city, forms the centre of the town. Today it is surrounded by modern buildings. In 1844 the Ludwigsäule (called Langer Lui, meaning Long Ludwig), a 33-meter column commemorating Ludwig I, first Grand Duke of Hesse, was placed in the middle. The other large town square is the Marktplatz (see image) near the town hall.

Surviving examples of the Jugendstil period include the Rosenhoehe, the Mathildenhoehe with the Hochzeitsturm [Marriage tower], commonly known as the Five-Finger-Tower, the Russian Chapel and large exhibition halls as well as many private villas built by Jugendstil architects who had settled in Darmstadt. The Russian Chapel was built as a private chapel for the last Tzar of Russia, Nicholas II, whose wife Alexandra was born in Darmstadt.

The "Waldspirale" built by Hundertwasser

The Hundertwasser building "Waldspirale" ("Forest Spiral") was built in Darmstadt between 1998 and 2000 by the famous Austrian architect and painter Friedensreich Hundertwasser.

[edit] Institutions

Darmstadt is the site of one of the leading German universities, the Darmstadt University of Technology, renowned for its engineering departments and the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. Related institutes are the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (see also 'Trivia', below) and the four Institutes of the Fraunhofer Society. The European Space Operations Center (ESOC) of the European Space Agency is located in Darmstadt, as is EUMETSAT, which operates meteorological satellites. Darmstadt is a centre for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, with Merck, Röhm and Schenck RoTec (part of The Dürr Group) having their main plants and centres here.

The Jazz-Institut Darmstadt is Germany's largest publicly accessible Jazz archive.

The Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt, harboring one of the world's largest collections of post-war sheet music, also hosts the biannual Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik, a summer school in contemporary classical music founded by Wolfgang Steinecke. A large number of avant-garde composers have attended and given lectures there, including Olivier Messiaen, Luciano Berio, Milton Babbitt, Pierre Boulez, John Cage, György Ligeti, Iannis Xenakis, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Mauricio Kagel.

The Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung (German Academy for Language and Poetry) provides writers and scholars with a place to research the German language. The Academy's annual Georg-Büchner-Preis, named in memory of Georg Büchner, is considered the most renowned literary award for writers of German language.

[edit] Sons and Daughters of the City

Justus von Liebig, Chemist
Georg Büchner, German Poet
Dr Walter Köbel, German politician
August Anton Ullrich, German industrialist (1865-1919)
Fabian Scheuermann, World traveller
Björn Phau, Tennis player

[edit] Military

There are still U.S. Army personnel stationed in the Darmstadt area. Just outside the Darmstadt centre is the U.S. Army Garrison Darmstadt on Cambrai-Fritsch Kaserne. The barracks was originally built in the 1930s as two separate German Army barracks (Cambrai Kaserne and Freiherr von Fritsch Kaserne). It is possible to listen to the military entertainment radio for the American troops in the region. The station is called AFN Europe and broadcasts from Frankfurt on FM 98.7 or AM 873. The base has already started deactivation and will be closed around 2008-2010, at that time AFN Europe will be moved to Mannheim.

[edit] Trivia

Literally translated, the German name "Darmstadt" means "City of the intestine". But that is just a coincidence, as the name derives from the medieval name "darmundestat". The Darm(bach) is a small creek running through the city.

The chemical element Darmstadtium (atomic number: 110), first discovered at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung was named after the city in 2003, making Darmstadt only the sixth city with an element named after it (the other five cities are Ytterby in Sweden (four elements); Strontian in Scotland; Copenhagen in Denmark (whose latin name gives Hafnium); Berkeley, California; and Dubna in Russia). Meitnerium (atomic number: 109) (1982), Hassium (atomic number: 108) (1984) and Roentgenium (atomic number: 111) (1994) and Ununbium (atomic number: 112) (1996) were also synthesized in this facility.