Cunard Line

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The Cunard Line formerly Cunard White Star Line is the British cruise line that operates the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 (QE2) and RMS Queen Mary 2 (QM2) ocean liners.

1 History
2 Ships
3 Firsts
4 References
5 External links

[edit] History

Cunard had its beginnings in 1838 when Canadian shipping magnate Samuel Cunard, along with engineer Robert Napier, and businessmen James Donaldson, Sir George Burns, and David MacIver formed the British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The company successfully bid on the rights to a transatlantic mail shipping contract between England and America. (Winning this entitled them to use the RMS, or Royal Mail Ship, identifier as part of their vessel's names.) Later, the company would change its name to Cunard Steamships Limited.

A captain waves aboard a Cunard Line vessel in 1901.

In May 1840 the 648 gross ton coastal paddle steamer SS Unicorn, the company's first steamship, made the company's first transatlantic trip. Under the direction of Captain Douglas and at an average speed of 8 knots, she carried twenty-four passengers, including Edward Cunard ( Samuel Cunard's son) on a trip lasting fourteen days.^[1] However, regular passenger and cargo service by steamship was inaugurated by the paddle steamer Britannia, the first ship commissioned by the company. On July 4 1840, she sailed from Liverpool to Halifax, then Boston on a trip lasting fourteen days, eight hours.

Cunard faced many competitors from Britain, the United States and Germany but survived them all. This was mainly due to a great focus on safety. Cunard ships were usually not the largest or the fastest but they earned a reputation for being the most reliable and the safest. The prosperous company eventually absorbed Canadian Northern Steamships Limited as well as Cunard's principal competitor, the White Star Line, owners of the ill-fated RMS Titanic.

For more than a century and a half, Cunard dominated the Atlantic passenger trade and was one of the world's most important companies. Its ships played important roles in the development of the world economy, and also participated in all of Britain's major wars from Crimea to the Falklands War (where Cunard's container ship Atlantic Conveyor was sunk by an Exocet missile).

The line began to decline in the 1950s as speedy air travel began to replace ships as the main transporters of passengers and mail across the Atlantic. Cunard tried to address the displacement by forming a partnership with British Overseas Airways Corporation. In 1962, BOAC and Cunard formed BOAC-Cunard Ltd. to operate scheduled air services to North America, the Caribbean and South America. But the operation was dissolved in 1966.

For much of the late 20th century and for the first few years of the 21st century, the line's only vessel making transatlantic crossings was the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2. From 2004 the "QE2's" service was limited to the annual world cruise and Mediterranean sailings, while her transatlantic route was taken over by the new liner RMS Queen Mary 2, the first ocean liner to be built in 30 years and the largest passenger liner ever built. In 2006 she was challenged by the cruise ship Freedom of the Seas but she would remain the largest passenger ship capable of transatlantic travel.

In 1998, Cunard became one of a number of lines owned by Carnival Corporation, now Carnival Corporation & plc. On January 1, 2005 the business, assets and liabilities of Cunard Line Limited were transferred to Carnival plc. This ended the Cunard Line Company as a business entity. Nonetheless, the Cunard name still appears on the side of Queen Mary 2. However, all aspects of ship itinerary, operation and manning are now controlled and provided by Princess Cruises in California.

[edit] Ships

The company operated some of the world's most famous liners including:

RMS Alaunia - launched 9 June 1913, sunk by mine 19 October 1916
RMS Albania - bought by Cunard 1911, sold 1912
RMS Albania - launched 17 April 1920, sold 1930
RMS Antonia - launched 1921, sold to Admiralty 1942
RMS Aquitania
RMS Ascania - bought by Cunard 1911, sunk 1918
RMS Ascania - launched 1923, maiden voyage 1925, sold for scrap 1956
RMS Aurania - entered service 1924, sold to Admiralty 1942
RMS Berengaria
RMS Britannia - first transatlantic passenger service in 1840
RMS Campania - launched 1892, won Blue Riband, sold 1914
RMS Carinthia - launched 1925, sunk by U-boat in 1940
RMS Carinthia - launched 1955, sold in 1968
RMS Carmania - launched 1905, sold for scrap in 1932
RMS Caronia - the "Green Goddess" entered service 1949, sold in 1968
RMS Carpathia - entered service 1903, rescued Titanic survivors in 1912
RMS Franconia
RMS Laconia - entered service 1912, sunk by U-boat in 1917
RMS Laconia - entered service 1922, sunk by U-boat in 1942
RMS Lancastria - entered service 1922 as the Tyrrhenia, sunk by bombing in 1940
RMS Lucania
RMS Lusitania - entered service 1907, sunk by U-boat in 1915
RMS Majestic - entered service 1922
RMS Mauretania - entered service 1907
RMS Mauretania - entered service 1939
RMS Parthia
RMS Queen Elizabeth - entered service 1940, retired 1968
RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 -- entered service 1969
RMS Queen Mary - entered service 1936, retired 1967
RMS Queen Mary 2 - entered service 2004
MS Queen Victoria - expected to enter service 2007. The ship is not yet designated a Royal Mail Steamer and perhaps will not because she will be a cruise ship and not an ocean liner.
RMS Samaria
RMS Saxonia
RMS Scythia
SS Servia
"Countess"
"Princess"

[edit] Firsts

Some of the "firsts" accomplished by Cunard include:

First transatlantic passenger service (Britannia, 1840)
First passenger ship with electric lighting (Servia, 1881) - though this is disputed
First twin-screw ocean liner (Campania, 1893)
First gymnasium and health centre aboard a ship (Franconia, 1911)
Largest passenger ship (until 1911) (Mauretania, 1907)
Largest passenger ship (until 1996) (Queen Elizabeth, 1940)
Largest passenger ship (until 2006) (Queen Mary 2, 2004)