Chiricahua (Sprache)
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Chiricahua |
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| Gesprochen in | USA, Mexiko | |
| Linguistische Klassifikation |
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Chiricahua (Nahuatl: "wilde Krieger aus den Bergen") bezeichnet die Chokonen-Apachen im engeren Sinn, aber auch eine Gruppe eng verwandter und verbündeter Apachen-Gruppen im Südwesten der USA und im Norden Mexikos. Sie gehören linguistisch zu den Na-Dene-Sprachen.
Inhaltsverzeichnis |
[Bearbeiten] Phonologie
[Bearbeiten] Konsonanten
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateraler | |||||||
| Verschlusslaut | nicht aspiriert | b [p] | d [t] | g [k] | ||||
| aspiriert | t [tʰ] | k [kʰ] | ||||||
| ejektiv | t’ [t’] | k’ [k’] | ’ [ʔ] | |||||
| Affrikate | nicht aspiriert | dz [ʦ] | dl [tɬ] | j [ʧ] | ||||
| aspiriert | ts [ʦʰ] | tl [tɬʰ] | ch [ʧʰ] | |||||
| ejektiv | ts’ [ʦ’] | tl’ [tɬ’] | ch’ [ʧ’] | |||||
| Reibelaut | stimmlos | s [s] | l [ɬ] | sh [ʃ] | h [x] | h [h] | ||
| stimmhaft | z [z] | l [ɮ] | zh [ʒ] | y [ʝ] | gh [ɣ] | |||
| Nasale | plain | m [m] | n [n] | |||||
| pre-nasaler plosiv | nd [nd] | |||||||
[Bearbeiten] Vokale
[Bearbeiten] Weblinks
- Chiricahua-Warm-Springs-Fort-Sill-Apachen-Gruppe von Oklahoma
- Fort Sill Apache Tribe (inoffiziell)
- Chiricahua- und Mescalero-Apachen-Texts
- Chiricahua Apache's Account of the Gokhlayeh Campaign of 1886
[Bearbeiten] Literatur
- Hoijer, Harry (1939): Chiricahua loan-words from Spanish. Language, 15 (2), 110-115.
- Hoijer, Harry (1945): Classificatory verb stems in the Apachean languages. International Journal of American Linguistics, 11 (1), 13-23.
- Hoijer, Harry (1945): The Apachean verb, part I: Verb structure and pronominal prefixes. International Journal of American Linguistics, 11 (4), 193-203.
- Hoijer, Harry (1946): The Apachean verb, part II: The prefixes for mode and tense. International Journal of American Linguistics, 12 (1), 1-13.
- Hoijer, Harry (1946): The Apachean verb, part III: The classifiers. International Journal of American Linguistics, 12 (2), 51-59.
- Hoijer, Harry (1946): Chiricahua Apache. In C. Osgood (Ed.), Linguistic structures in North America. New York: Wenner-Green Foundation for Anthropological Research.
- Hoijer, Harry; & Opler, Morris E. (1938): Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache texts. The University of Chicago publications in anthropology; Linguistic series. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Reprinted 1964 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; in 1970 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; & in 1980 under H. Hoijer by New York: AMS Press, ISBN 0-40415783-1).
- Opler, Morris E. (1936): The kinship systems of the Southern Athabaskan-speaking tribes. American Anthropologist, 38 (4), 620-633.
- Opler, Morris E. (1941): An Apache life-way: The economic, social, and religious institutions of the Chiricahua Indians. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. (Reprinted in 1962 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; in 1965 by New York: Cooper Square Publishers; in 1965 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; & in 1994 by Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, ISBN 0-80328610-4).
- Opler, Morris E. (1983): Chiricahua Apache. In A. Ortiz (Ed.), Southwest (pp. 401-418). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 10). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Opler, Morris E.; & French, David H. (1941): Myths and tales of the Chiricahua Apache Indians. Memoirs of the American folk-lore society, (Vol. 37). New York: American Folk-lore Society. (Reprinted in 1969 by New York: Kraus Reprint Co.; in 1970 by New York; in 1976 by Millwood, NY: Kraus Reprint Co.; & in 1994 under M. E. Opler, Morris by Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-80328602-3).
- Opler, Morris E.; & Hoijer, Harry: (1940). The raid and war-path language of the Chiricahua Apache. American Anthropologist, 42 (4), 617-634.
- Pinnow, Jürgen. (1988): Die Sprache der Chiricahua-Apachen: Mit Seitenblicken auf das Mescalero. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
- Young, Robert W. (1983): Apachean languages. In A. Ortiz, W. C. Sturtevant (Eds.), Handbook of North American Indians: Southwest, (Vol. 10), (p. 393-400). Washington: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16004579-7.
