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痘病毒科

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痘病毒科
病毒分类
族: 族 I (dsDNA)
痘病毒科
Genera

亞科 痘病毒脊索亞科(Chordopoxvirinae)
   正痘病毒屬(Orthopoxvirus)
   副痘病毒屬(Parapoxvirus)
   禽痘病毒屬(Avipoxvirus)
   山羊痘病毒屬(Capripoxvirus)
   野兔痘病毒屬(Leporipoxvirus)
   豬痘病毒屬(Suipoxvirus)
   軟疣痘病毒屬(Molluscipoxvirus)
   亞塔痘病毒屬(Yatapoxvirus)
亞科 痘病毒昆蟲亞科(Entomopoxvirinae)
   A昆蟲痘病毒屬(Entomopoxvirus A)
   B昆蟲痘病毒屬(Entomopoxvirus B)
   C昆蟲痘病毒屬(Entomopoxvirus C)

痘病毒(Poxviridae,pox=發疹的病)為哺乳動物的最大及最複雜的病毒(170×950nm)。包含兩個亞科痘病毒脊索亞科 (Chordopoxvirinae)、痘病毒昆蟲亞科 (Entomopoxvirinae),這兩個亞科各有8個和4個屬。不同的動物有不同品系的病原病毒。遺傳物質為雙股DNA,長度約130-375knt; 病毒直徑約140-260 nm,最大的病毒就是屬於痘病毒科。通常可區分為8(genera),分別為正痘病毒屬 (Orthopoxvirus)、駱駝痘病毒屬 (Capripoxvirus)、豬痘病毒屬 (suipoxvirus)、兔痘病毒屬 (Leporipoxvirus)、軟體動物痘病毒屬 (Molluscipoxvirus) 、(Yatapoxvirus)、禽痘病毒屬 (Avipoxvirus)、副痘病毒屬 (Parapoxvirus),其中兩屬(Orthopoxvirus及Parapoxvirus)為人類的重要病原。同一屬病毒的血清反應常有廣泛的交叉反應,但各屬間僅有一種共同抗原,此抗原一般認為是一種核蛋白複合體。天花的病原Variola病毒為Orthopoxvirus屬,此病毒曾經摧殘全人類,目前已被撲滅,然最近常被認為為一種有可能之再新興之疾病。其他的痘病毒如駱駝痘(camel pox)及ectromelia造成低等動物的皮膚發疹。天花(Variola)及傳染性軟疣(molluscum contagiosum)病毒只對人類有病原性。

[编辑] 病毒之組成及形態

組織培養或水痘液的病毒顆粒有C及M兩型 (Cubed, Mulberry)。C型為磚塊型有一寬界明顯的外膜,中心電子密度較大。Mulberry(桑椹)型簡稱M型,外表有紡錘絲狀排列。M型顆粒之中心常凹陷,代表兩個圓形側體(lateral body),核仁及雙鏈DNA基因,其功用目前尚不十分明瞭。所有的痘病毒都於細胞質內增生,造成嗜酸性質內包涵體。痘病毒通常感染上皮細胞造成丘疹水及膿。

其他的病如綿羊痘(sheep pox)及羊接觸傳染性化膿性口炎(orf)及牛痘(cow pox)為其它引起動物發疹的病毒,也會傳染給人類,除了parapox屬外,所有的痘病毒都是170~250×300~450nm之磚形顆粒,表面有紡錘絲狀的結構。parapox(orf等)較呈卵形,表面絲狀排列為規則之螺旋型,平均僅為150×200nm所有痘病毒的內部結構大致上都是一致的。

[编辑] 其它病毒相關訊息

[编辑] 參考書目

  1. Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics (Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Vol 111, Peter W. Hawkes, Academic Pr; 1999
  2. Advances in Scanning probe Microscopy (Advances in Materials Research, 2),by T. Sakurai, Y. Watanabe, Springer Verlag; 2000.
  3. Artifacts in Biological Electron Microscopy, Richard F.E. Crang, Karen L. Klomparens, Plenum Pub Corp; Facsimile edition,1988.
  4. Biological Electron Microscopy : Theory, Techniques, and Troubleshooting, Michael J. Dykstra, Plenum Pub Corp, 1992.
  5. Fields – Virology; David M. Knipe, Peter M. Howley, dia Griffin, et al., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 4th edition; 2001
  6. Fundamental Virology, David M. Knipe, Peter M. Howley, Diane E. Griffin, robe Lamb, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers; 4th edition,2001
  7. Origin and Evolution of Viruses;Esteban Domingo, Robert G. Webster, John Holland, es Domingo, et al., Academic Pr, 1999.
  8. Veterinary Virology, Frederick A. Murphy, et al. Academic Pr; 1999, 3nd edition
  9. Virus Taxonomy Deluxe: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses: Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, C. M. Fauquet, M.H.V. van Regenmortel, D.H.L. Bishop, American Academy of Pediatrics, 1st edition, 2001.
  10. Virus Taxonomy: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses: Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, et al, Academic Pr; 1st edition; 2000



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