Distillation
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1. heat source (a Bunsen burner here)
2. distilling flask (a round bottom flask)
3. distilling head
4. thermometer
5. condenser
6. cooling water in
7. cooling water out
8. receiving flask collecting dripping distillate
9. vacuum source
10. vacuum adapter
Distillation is a way to separate liquids. You do this by simply heating the liquids until they boil. The liquids will have different vapour pressures, and so one of them will evaporate before the other does. The vapour is then led into a condenser, which takes off its heat and condenses it back to liquid. A fractionating column can be used to improve the separation.
The vapourized and condensed component is called distillate and the other component as bottom product
This has been used for a long time, to distill alcohol, and produced distilled beverages. Distillation is a commonly used operation in oil industry, where it is used to produce various fuels and raw materials from crude oil.
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