Setiausaha Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat
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| Established: | July 26, 1947 |
| Activated: | September 18, 1947 |
| Renamed: | August 10, 1949 |
| Secretary: | Donald Rumsfeld |
| Deputy Secretary: | Gordon R. England |
| Chairman, JCS: | Gen. Peter Pace |
| Budget: | $419.3 billion (2006 official) |
| Employees: | 700,000 civilian 2.3 million military (2004) |
| Address: | The Pentagon |
Setiausaha Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat merupakan ketua Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat, berhubung dengan khidmat ketenteraan dan hal-ehwal ketenteraan. Setiausaha dilantik oleh Presiden dengan persetujuan Senat, dan juga merupakan ahli kepada Kabinet.
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. By statute the secretary must be a civilian who has not served in the active component of the armed forces for at least 10 years (10 USC Sec. 113 - Note that Congress had passed a law to allow George Marshall to be appointed in 1950 despite having only been a civilian since 1945). The Secretary of Defense is sixth in the United States presidential line of succession.
This position was created in 1947 when the Navy, Army, and newly created Air Force were merged into the new National Military Establishment. In the same massive reorganization, the Secretary of War was replaced by the Secretary of the Army and, along with the Secretary of the Navy and the new Secretary of the Air Force, became a non-Cabinet position placed under the Secretary of Defense. In 1949, the National Military Establishment was renamed the Department of Defense, which remains the current name of the department.
Within the United States Armed Forces, the Secretary of Defense is often referred to as SecDef.
The SecDef and the President of the United States together constitute the National Command Authority (NCA), which has sole authority to launch strategic nuclear weapons. All nuclear weapons are governed by the two-man rule, even at the highest levels in government. Both individuals must concur before a strategic nuclear strike may be ordered.
The SecDef, as the head of the United States Office of the Secretary of Defense, is assisted by a Deputy Secretary and five Under Secretaries in the fields of Acquisition, Technology & Logistics; Comptroller/Chief Financial Officer; Intelligence; Personnel & Readiness; and arguably the most important, Policy. All of these positions require Senate confirmation.
The Secretary of Defense also supervises the six Joint Chiefs of Staff and the commanders of the nine Unified Commands.
See here for more information on each position and biographies of the current Deputy Secretary (DepSecDef) and Under Secretaries (USDs).
Jadual isi kandungan |
[Sunting] List of Secretaries of Defense
| # | Picture | Name | Term of Office | President(s) served under | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | ||||
| 1 |  |
James Forrestal | September 17, 1947 | March 28, 1949 | Harry S. Truman |
| 2 |  |
Louis A. Johnson | March 28, 1949 | September 19, 1950 | Harry S. Truman |
| 3 |  |
George C. Marshall | September 21, 1950 | September 12, 1951 | Harry S. Truman |
| 4 |  |
Robert A. Lovett | September 17, 1951 | January 20, 1953 | Harry S. Truman |
| 5 |  |
Charles E. Wilson | January 28, 1953 | October 8, 1957 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| 6 |  |
Neil H. McElroy | October 9, 1957 | December 1, 1959 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| 7 |  |
Thomas S. Gates | December 2, 1959 | January 20, 1961 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| 8 |  |
Robert McNamara | January 21, 1961 | February 29, 1968 | John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson |
| 9 | Imej:Clifford2list.png | Clark M. Clifford | March 1, 1968 | January 20, 1969 | Lyndon Johnson |
| 10 |  |
Melvin R. Laird | January 22, 1969 | January 29, 1973 | Richard Nixon |
| 11 |  |
Elliot L. Richardson | January 30, 1973 | May 24, 1973 | Richard Nixon |
| 12 | Imej:James R Schlesinger.jpg | James R. Schlesinger | July 2, 1973 | November 19, 1975 | Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford |
| 13 |  |
Donald H. Rumsfeld | November 20, 1975 | January 20, 1977 | Gerald Ford |
| 14 |  |
Harold Brown | January 21, 1977 | January 20, 1981 | Jimmy Carter |
| 15 |  |
Caspar W. Weinberger | January 21, 1981 | November 23, 1987 | Ronald Reagan |
| 16 |  |
Frank C. Carlucci | November 23, 1987 | January 20, 1989 | Ronald Reagan |
| 17 |  |
Richard B. Cheney | March 21, 1989 | January 20, 1993 | George H. W. Bush |
| 18 |  |
Les Aspin | January 21, 1993 | February 3, 1994 | Bill Clinton |
| 19 |  |
William J. Perry | February 3, 1994 | January 23, 1997 | Bill Clinton |
| 20 |  |
William S. Cohen | January 24, 1997 | January 20, 2001 | Bill Clinton |
| 21 |  |
Donald H. Rumsfeld | January 20, 2001 | present (outgoing) | George W. Bush |
| 22 |  |
Robert M. Gates | pending confirmation | pending confirmation | George W. Bush |
[Sunting] Line of succession
In an Executive Order of December 22, 2005, President George W. Bush modified the line of succession regarding who would act as Secretary of Defense in the event of a vacancy or incapacitation as follows:
- Deputy Secretary of Defense
- Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
- Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
- Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics
- Secretary of the Army
- Secretary of the Air Force
- Secretary of the Navy
- Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness and the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)
- Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology, Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, and Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness
- General Counsel of the Department of Defense, the Assistant Secretaries of Defense, and the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation
- Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics and Material Readiness and the Director of Defense Research and Engineering
- Under Secretaries of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force
- Assistant Secretaries of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force, and General Counsels of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force.
[Sunting] References
- Histories of the Secretaries of Defense. U.S. Department of Defense. Dicapai pada September 3 2002.
- Executive Order: Providing An Order of Succession Within the Department of Defense. Office of the Press Secretary. Dicapai pada December 22 2005.
[Sunting] External links
- Top Civilian and Military Leaders. U.S. Department of Defense. Dicapai pada October 7 2005. - Includes the Secretary of Defense
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Military of the United States |
Templat:US Department of Defense Secretaries Templat:US Cabinet leaders
