사용자:이한결/번역장/펩시콜라

위키백과 ― 우리 모두의 백과사전.

펩시콜라(영어: Pepsi-Cola, 흔히 펩시(Pepsi)라고도 함)는 펩시 회사에서 생산한 음료수이다. 펩시콜라는 전세계의 상점, 식당, 자동 판매기에서 팔린다. 이 음료수는 1898년 8월 28일 팔메시스트 칼렙 브래드햄에 의해 만들어졌고, 1903년 6월 16일에는 정식 식품이 되었다. 지금 펩시콜라에는 펩시콜라 말고도 여러가지 종류가 있는데, 그 중 유명한 것은 다이어트 펩시, 펩시 맥스, 펩시 삼바, 펩시 블루와 펩시 골드가 있다.

목차 1 역사 2 시장 2.1 Celebrity endorsers 2.2 Slogans 3 펩시콜라 종류 4 Criticisms 5 Rivalry with Coca-Cola 6 Ingredients 7 같이 보기 8 노트 9 책 10 바깥 고리

[편집] 역사

펩시콜라는 1890년에 노스캐롤라이나 주 뉴 번이라는 곳에서 "브래드의 음료수(Bred's drink)"라는 이름으로 캘렙 브래드햄에 의해서 만들어졌다. 그리고, 1898년 8월 28일에는 "브래드의 음료수"가 "펩시 콜라(Pepsi-Cola)로 바뀌고, 1903년 6월 16일에 정식 이름이 되었다. 그리고, "펩시"라는 단어에는 몇가지 이야기가 있다고 한다.

그 중 유일한 2번의 토론을 가진 펩시코 회사 웹사이트 안에는 이런 내용이 있다.

1) 칼렙 브래드햄은 "펩 칼라"를 사고 자기가 만든 음료수 이름을 "펩시"로 바꾸었다. 2) ""펩시콜라" 감독을 위한 "엡시스코팔"이 있는 브래드햄의 약방에서 거리의 맞은편에 큰 교회 가 있다" 펩시코가 이 이론을 공박하는 동안 이것을 문서화하는 원래 약방의 위치에 패가 있다.

또 다른 이론은 칼렙 브래드햄과 그의 고객이 탄산음료를 받았는데, 그 탄산음료는 간단하게 좋게 소리가 났기 때문에 음료에는 그것에서 "활력"이라는 뜻을 가진 "펩"을 가지고 "펩시"라는 이름을 붙였다.

위통을 치료하기 위하여 펩시가 처음에 예정된 대로, 많은 것은 브래드햄이 자주 사용하는 성분으로 어느 것이든에서 유명한 펩시를 조건 " 소화불량 " (복통 또는 소화 불량) 또는 펩신 뿌리의 가능한 이전 사용 화폐로 주조했다는 것을 믿는다 (복통을 대우하기 위하여).

그것은 탄산 물, 설탕, 바닐라, 정유, 그리고 콜라넛으로 만들어졌다.

그리고, 그 재료에다 효소와 펩신이 들어가 논란이 되고 있다.^[1][2]

1903년에, 브레드햄은 세놓아진 창고로 그의 약방에서 펩시콜라의 병에 넣어 이동했다. 올해에, 브레드햄은 7,968 갤런의 시럽을 판매했다. 내년에, 펩시는 19,848 갤런에 증가된 6 온즈 병과 같이 판매되었다. 1905년에, 펩시는 그 회사의 첫번째 로고 재설계를 해, 1898년의 원래 디자인으로 바꾸었다. 1906년에는 그 로고를 다시 바꾸었다. 1909년에, 자동차 경주 개척자 바니 올드필드는 "불량배 음료로 신문 애드즈에 있는 지지된 펩시콜라…상쾌하게 하기, 기운나게 하기, 좋은 브랜서의 앞의 경주" 라고 하였다. 1923년에, 제 1차 세계 대전중에 펩시코는 높은 설탕 가격 때문에 파산했고, 자산은 로이 C. 메가젤에 의해 판매되고. 그는 펩시 상품을 샀다.^[3]8년 후에, 회사는 펩시콜라 시럽 공식의 재형성의 결과로 다시 파산했다.

대공황 동안에 , 펩시는 1934년에 12 온즈 병의 소개 뒤에 나와 인기를 얻었다. 12개 온즈 병으로 코카콜라 6개 온즈 병대신에 병을 판매했다, 펩시코는 광고에서 a의 첫번째 사용 질링글인 매끄러운 라디오 광고 캠페인으로 그것의 이점에 가격 다름을 돌았다. "펩시 콜라"는 반점을 명중한다. / 12개의 가득 차있는 온즈 병, 저것은 많다. / 니켈을 위해 두번 그와 같이. / 펩시콜라는 당신을 위한 음료이다, "가격 보는 소비자를 펩시에 전환하는 격려했다, 비스듬한 6개 온즈 병의 코카콜라 기준을 언급하고 있는 동안 5개 센트 (니켈)의 가격을 위한 병, 12개 온즈 대신에 펩시는 동일한 가격에 판매했다. 경제 위기의 이번엔, 캠페인은 펩시의 상태를 밀어주기에 성공했다. 1936년에서 1938년, 펩시코의 이익은 두배로 커졌다.^[4]

1964년에는 다이어트 펩시가 미국의 첫번째 국제 다이어트 음료수가 되었다.

[편집] 시장

In 1975, PepsiCo introduced the Pepsi Challenge marketing campaign where PepsiCo set up a blind tasting between Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-Cola. During these blind taste tests the majority of participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. PepsiCo took great advantage of the campaign with television commercials reporting the test results to the public.^[5] Some attribute this to the higher sugar content found in Pepsi compared to Coca-Cola, as seen in the book, "Big Secrets" by William Poundstone.^{[출처 필요]}

In 1996, PepsiCo launched the highly successful Pepsi Stuff marketing strategy. By 2002, the strategy was cited by Promo Magazine as one of 16 "Ageless Wonders" that "helped redefine promotion marketing."Source: Promo Magazine, 2002.

[편집] Celebrity endorsers

이 부분의 본문은 Pepsi spokespersons입니다.

As with most popular soft drinks, Pepsi and its associated beverages have had various celebrity endorsers.

[편집] Slogans

• 1939: "Twice as Much for a Nickel"
• 1950: "More Bounce to the Ounce"
• 1958: "Be Sociable, Have a Pepsi"
• 1961: "Now It's Pepsi for Those Who Think Young"
• 1963: "Come Alive, You're in the Pepsi Generation".
• 1967: "(Taste that beats the others cold) Pepsi Pours It On".
• 1969: "You've Got a Lot to Live, Pepsi's Got a Lot to Give".
• 1973: "Join the Pepsi people (feeling free)".
• 1976: "Have a Pepsi day".
• 1979: "Catch that Pepsi spirit".
• 1981: "Pepsi's got your taste for life".
• 1983: "Pepsi's Now!"
• 1984: "The Choice of a New Generation".
• 1991: "Gotta Have It".
• 1995: "Nothing Else is a Pepsi".
• 1997: "GeneratioNext".
• 1999: "Ask for More".
• 2000: "The Joy of Cola". (was not used outside the US and Canada)
• 2003: "It's the Cola". (was not used outside the US and Canada)
• 2004: "Dare for More".

[편집] 펩시콜라 종류

이 부분의 본문은 펩시콜라의 종류입니다.

There are many types of Pepsi-Cola all differing in taste, price and appearance. Diet Pepsi is one of the most popular variations of the drink, containing no sugar and zero calories. Other popular low calorie variations of the drink include Pepsi Max, Pepsi ONE, Caffeine-Free Pepsi and Caffeine-Free Diet Pepsi.

PepsiCo has marketed many different fruit flavors of the drink including: Wild Cherry Pepsi (1988), Diet Wild Cherry Pepsi (2005), Pepsi Lime (2005) and Diet Pepsi Lime (2005) and Pepsi Jazz diet cola with two flavors, Strawberries & Cream (2006) and Black Cherry French Vanilla (2006). PepsiCo also rivaled Coca-Cola's lemon-flavored products with Pepsi Twist. Pepsi Twist has been successfully marketed in Brazil (with lime instead of lemon), where a limited-edition version is also sold, the Pepsi Twistão, with an even stronger lime flavor. Pepsi A-ha, with a lemon flavor, was launched in India in 2002 but was not successful. Another type, Pepsi Samba, was released in Australia in the 3rd Quarter of 2005; it is Pepsi with a tropical taste of tamarind and mango.

PepsiCo has introduced many variant versions of Pepsi over the years that differ from the original version in either flavor, appearance or both. Crystal Pepsi, a clear cola free of caffeine, sodium and preservatives, was introduced in 1992 and phased out the following year. Similarly, the blue-colored berry cola Pepsi Blue was introduced in mid-2002 to a mixed response. PepsiCo withdrew it from the market in 2004. In 2006, Pepsi Gold was released.

PepsiCo has introduced coffee-flavored variations of the drink. In 2005, Pepsi Cappuccino was released in Romania and Bulgaria with another coffee-flavored cola called Pepsi Tarik in Malaysia and Pepsi Cafechino in India. In late 2005/early 2006 in the UK PepsiCo released Pepsi Max Cino, a cappuccino variant of its popular Pepsi Max beverage.

Many types of the drink have only been produced or sold for a limited time, such as Pepsi Holiday Spice, a spicy Hanukkah/Christmas seasonal finish of ginger and cinnamon. Pepsi X is another variation which contains more caffeine than regular Pepsi-Cola and in addition also contains taurine and guaranine. It is similar to other energy drinks such as Red Bull.

PepsiCo markets Pepsi ONE in the US in place of Pepsi X (sold only outside the US and not currently available for import), as both are sweetened with SPLENDA® No Calorie Sweetener, and Pepsi ONE contains 4.6mg of caffeine per ounce without the added taurine and guaranine (Pepsi X has 2.5mg of caffeine and regular Pepsi has 3.13mg per ounce).

[편집] Criticisms

Main article: PepsiCo Criticisms

In 2003 and again in 2006^[6], the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in New Dehli, found that soda drinks produced by manufacturers in India, including both Pepsi and Coca-Cola, had dangerously high levels of pesticides in their drinks. Both PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Company maintain that their drinks are safe for consumption and have published newpaper advertisements that say pesticide levels in their products are less than those in other foods such as tea, fruit and dairy products.^[7] In the Indian state of Kerala, sale and production of Pepsi-Cola, along with other soft drinks, has been banned.^[8] Five other Indian states have announced partial bans on the drinks in schools, colleges and hospitals.^[9] On Friday, September 22, 2006, the High Court in Kerala overturned the Kerala ban ruling that only the federal government can ban food products.^[10]

Iran state television broadcasted anti-Pepsi propaganda, saying that the PEPSI letters stood for Pay Each Penny Save Israel.[2] This explanation is unlikely given that Pepsi was named in 1898, fifty years before the 1948 founding of Israel. PepsiCo has a bottling plant in Iran.[3]

[편집] Rivalry with Coca-Cola

According to Consumer Reports, in the 1970s, the rivalry continued to heat up the market. Pepsi conducted blind taste tests in stores, in what was called the "Pepsi Challenge". These tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more lemon oil, less orange oil, and uses vanillin rather than vanilla) to Coke. In taste tests, drinkers were more likely to respond positively to sweeter drinks, and Pepsi had the advantage over Coca-Cola because it is much sweeter.^[11] The sales of Pepsi started to climb, and Pepsi kicked off the "Challenge" across the nation.

In 1985, The Coca-Cola Company, amid much publicity, changed its formula. Some authorities believe that New Coke, as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically in response to the Pepsi Challenge.^{[출처 필요]} However, a consumer backlash led to Coca-Cola quickly reintroducing the original formula as Coke "Classic".

Overall, Coca-Cola continues to outsell Pepsi in almost all areas of the world. Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and the Canadian province of Quebec are three exceptions.^[12]

By most accounts, Coca-Cola was India's leading soft drink until 1977 when it left India after a new government ordered The Coca-Cola Company to turn over its secret formula for Coke and dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). In 1988, PepsiCo gained entry to India by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government-owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India Limited. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991 when the use of foreign brands was allowed; PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. In 1993, The Coca-Cola Company returned in pursuance of India's Liberalization policy. ^[13] In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo together held 95% market share of soft-drink sales in India. Coca-Cola India's market share was 60.9%. ^[14]

Pepsi had long been the drink of Canadian Francophones and it continues to hold its dominance by relying on local Québécois celebrities (especially Claude Meunier, of La Petite Vie fame) to sell its product. "Pepsi" eventually became an offensive nickname for Francophones viewed as a lower class by Anglophones in the middle of the 20th century. The term is now used as a historical reference to French-English linguistic animosity (During the partitionist debate surrounding the 1995 referendum, a pundit wrote, "And a wall will be erected along St-Laurent street [the traditional divide between French and English in Montréal] because some people were throwing Coke bottles one way and Pepsi bottles the other way").

In the U.S., Pepsi's total market share was about 31.7 percent in 2004, while Coke's was about 43.1 percent. ^[15]

In Russia, Pepsi once had a larger market share than Coca-Cola. However, Pepsi's dominance in Russia was undercut as the Cold War ended. PepsiCo had made a deal with the Soviet Union for scale production of Pepsi in 1972.[4] When the Soviet Union fell apart, Pepsi, was associated with the old Soviet system, and Coca Cola, just newly introduced to the Russian market in 1992, was associated with the new system. Thus, Coca-Cola rapidly captured a significant market share away from Pepsi that might otherwise have needed years to build up. By July 2005, Coca-Cola enjoyed a market share of 19.4 percent, followed by Pepsi with 13 percent. ^[16]

In the same way that Coca Cola has become a cultural icon and its global spread has spawned words like "Coca Colonization", Pepsi Cola and its relation to Russia has also turned it into an icon. In the early 1990s, the term, "Pepsi-stroika", began appearing as a pun on "perestroika", the reform policy of the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev. Critics viewed the policy as a lot of fizz without substance and as an attempt to usher in Western products in deals there with the old elites. Pepsi, as one of the first American products in the Soviet Union, became a symbol of the relationship and the Soviet policy.¹⁷

[편집] Ingredients

	총계 8가지 유동성 성분
칼로리	100
지방	0 g
나트륨	30 mg
칼륨	10 mg
탄수화물	27 g
설탕	27 g
단백질	0 g
카페인	25 mg

The Pepsi-Cola drink contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks including carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, sugar, colorings, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric acid and natural flavors. The caffeine free Pepsi-Cola contains the same ingredients but no caffeine.

Pepsi has an average pH between 2-3.

[편집] 같이 보기

• 펩시코
• 펩시 스터프
• 종합 음료
• 콜라 전쟁
• 코카콜라 (음료)
• 코카 콜라 회사 (회사)
• 펩시맨 (일본에 있는 펩시.)
• 펩시콜라 종류 목록

[편집] 노트

¹⁷ The word first appeared in an exhibit in the Harvard University Law School Library in December 1990 to February 1991, then in several articles and books by anthropologist David Lempert, who coined the phrase. Most notable is the third book inside the two volume set, "Pepsi-stroika" in Daily Life in a Crumbling Empire: The Absorption of Russia into the World Economy, Columbia University Press/ Eastern European Monographs, 1996.

[편집] 책

• Beverage World Magazine, January 1998, "Celebrating a Century of Refreshment: Pepsi - The First 100 Years"
• Stoddard, Bob. Pepsi Cola - 100 Years (1997), General Publishing Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA
• "History & Milestones" (1996), Pepsi packet

[편집] 바깥 고리

• 펩시 월드
• Pepsi Americas
• 'Coke, Pepsi losing the fizz'
• 1987 Audio Interview with John Sculley by Don Swaim of CBS Radio - RealAudio
• The Annual Pepsi Independence Day Celebration (Tri-Cities, TN.)
• The Pepsi Max Cappuccino Wire, a fan site to Pepsi Max Cappuccino.