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Gual

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Meudaich

Is e gual mèinnear cruaidh dubh air a chleachdadh mar chonnadh. Tha gualan pàirt mhòr dhe, ach bithidh tearr, ola agus fiu's aillnean haidhdreo-ghualachd glaiste ann.

Lorgar gual an breathan fo barr na talmhainn. Ann an Alba (agus gu dearbh anns a' choir de Breatainn), is gle bheag de na breathan-ghuail a tha nas motha na 900mm 'san tiughad

[deasaich] Seòrsaichean Ghuail

Tha iomadh seòrsa gual sonraichte le ainm fath-leth, mar eisimpleir, anthracite, gual còcaidh, gual-stoithe 7c. Tha na ainmean seo stèidhichte gu ire mhòr air na gnìomhan a bha gach seòrsa gual bu fhreagarach ris, ach tha na feartan de gach gual a' crochadh air a choimheasg cheimidh.

Is ann an anthracite gual cruadh a tha mu 95% gualachd, 2-3% haidhdreo-ghualan agus mu 2% uisge. Losgaidh e gu theth le làs iosail agus as aonais smùid. An lùib na feartan seo b'e anthracite connadh a' roghainn leis a' Chabhlach Rioghail re an 19mh agus trath 'san 20mh Linn (mus tàinig ola a bhi na chonnadh àbhaisteach do goillearan luinge). Bha pàilteas de anthracite ann an ceann-a-deas a' Chuimrigh agus aobharaiche am fèille air an son buaidh mhòr don eaconamaidh Cuimreach re an 19mh Linn.

Is ann an gual-còcaidh gual meadhanach làidir le mu 35% de haidhdro-ghualachd na broinne. Deanar còc as le cuir urchar dheth a-steachd air amhainn sònraichte far an tèid a teasachadh as aonais adhair. An lùib an teas, leaghaidh na tearran anns a' bhroinne, thèid iad a sileadh as agus tharrainnear iad dheth bho bun na h-amhainne. Fuasglaidh na haidhdro-ghualanachd as aotrom nan àile neo gas agus tarrainear iadsan dheth a bhith losgta mar truaill neo a bhi cleachdta nan connaidh. Is e còc an stugh a tha air fhàgail as dèidh seo, aotrom le bàrr fhosgailte cha mhòr nach e gualan a-mhàin a tha ann. Losgaidh e gun smùid idir, le làs iosail agus cleachdar e an furnaisean-iarrainn: an dà chuid furnaisean-ioslachaidh agus furnaisean-ath-leaghaidh.

B'e gual-stoithe na h-ainm air caochladh gualaibh, sònraichte leis an fhèille a lorg iad sios ri na 1960an (agus eadhon na 1970an)le rathaidean-iarainn agus muilnean a bha na ruith air cumhachd-stoithe, togta anns na goillearan de na h-innlean aca fhèin. Bha an cumhachd seo a' cnochadh air a' choisir-dhubh, na daoine a bheathaich teintean nan goillear le sliosaidean. B'fheudar don ghuail a bhi làidir gu leòr nach rachadh a phronnadh ann am bocsa teine (suas ri 1.2m san leathad agus 3m san fhad air inneal rathad-iarainn) ach b'fheudar dha a bhi so-bhriste ri cnap mu mheud doirn- mus am biodh farsainnead mòr gu leòr air gach pios gual gun losgadh e luath gu leòr - oir is e luaths an losgaidh a riaghaladh cumhachd an innil.

[deasaich] Tùs ghuail

Thòisich gual mar seòrsa mòine.

[deasaich] Eachdraidh

Bha eòlas air gual ann an Roinn Eòrpa cho tràth ris an 14mh Linn, ach cha deach a cleachdadh an cocaireachd neo teasachadh taighean mun do dh'fhàs simileirean chumanta. Tha, an co-mheas leis a' smùid a dh'èireas bho fiodh neo mòine agus e na losgadh, smùid ghuail gu math searbh air na sùilean agus tha faileadh làidir leis.

Is dòcha gun do thòisich meinneireachd gual ann an Alba rè an 17mh Linn. Gun teagamh chaidh a' chiad leasachadh mòr air raon gual an Lodainn tràth anns an 18mh cheud. Is coltach gun chuireadh teicneòlais mèinnearachd bho Northumbria an gnìomh aig an àm. Gun teagamh lean a' chiad rathad nan gad samhail cho-aimsireil de rathadan nan gad ri bruathaich an Tyne.

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu