Nu metal
De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă
| Nu metal | |
|---|---|
| Origini stilistice: | Alternative metal Funk metal Groove metal Grunge Heavy metal Hip hop Rock industrial Rapcore Thrash metal |
| Origini culturale: | jumătatea anilor '90, SUA |
| Instrumente caracteristice: | chitară - bass - tobe - turntables - clape - sintetizator |
| Popularitate | Sfârşitul anilor '90 şi începutul anilor 2000 |
| Alte subiecte | |
| Trupe - Family Values Tour - Lollapalooza - Ozzfest | |
Nu metal (numit şi new metal, aggro metal sau nü metal folosind tradiţionalul umlaut) este un gen muzical ce s-a conturat pe la mijlocul anilor '90. Are ca influenţe tipice muzica grunge [1] şi alternative metal-ul de la începutul anilor 1990 cu muzica hip hop, muzica electronică şi alte genuri de metal, cel mai adesea thrash metal şi groove metal. [2]
Cuprins |
[modifică] Istoria genului
Originea genului poate fi localizată la festivalul muzical [[Lollapalooza], care a crescut popularitatea unor formaţii ce abordau un gen diferit de stilurile tradiţionale de metal şi muzică alternativă influenţată de acesta (vezi Alternative metal). Influenţa funk de la Primus, Red Hot Chili Peppers şi Fishbone, croosover-ul hip hop/heavy metal a celor de la Rage Against the Machine, Industrial metal-ul trupelor Nine Inch Nails, Marilyn Manson şi Ministry, plus rock-ul experimental agresiv al Faith No More, Tool şi Helmet au fost menţionate adesea ca influenţe ce au fost vehiculate prin festival de formaţii de nu metal ce au captat atenţia mass-mediei la sfârşitul mileniului.
Turul avea în centru formaţia Body Count, care era susţinută de Ice-T. Acest fapt a atras atenţia audienţei rap şi multe magazine specializate au clasificat Body Count drept formaţie de rap, în ciuda afirmaţiei lui Ice-T că trupa se presupunea a fi una de rock. [3]
Decesul liderului trupei Nirvana în 1994 avea să semnaleze începutul declinului pentru alternative rock (şi grunge în special) drept forţa principală în rock-ul american modern, lăsând cale liberă nu metalului să îşi facă priză la public. [3]
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Linkin Park este cea mai bine vândută trupă de nu metal cu 40 de milioane de copii vândute din primele două albume (Hybrid Theory şi Meteora), precum şi din alte albume neconvenţionale. Producer Ross Robinson was labelled by some as "The Godfather of Nu Metal" due to his producing of several notable Nu Metal albums. Nu metal bands also typically claim influence by more conventional metal acts, particularly Black Sabbath; it also has some sonic similarity with death metalFormat:Fact as well as thrash metal bands like Metallica and Megadeth [4]. Entertainment!, the 1979 debut from British post-punk group Gang of Four has been cited as an indirect influence. The term "nu metal" was coined in the late nineties to denote the resurgence of metal in the public eye with the rise in popularity of bands such as Korn and Limp Bizkit, as well as the success of the traveling Ozzfest festival. Ozzfest, unlike Lollapalooza, provided a venue solely for the metal scene. Ozzfest demonstrated that a sizable audience existed for new heavy metal sounds. Unlike previous eras who held bands such as Led Zeppelin and Judas Priest as their icons, the newer bands typically drew direct inspiration from more recent metal movements (particularly thrash and alternative metal)[5].
Korn had released their first album in 1994, but their true breakthrough came with the release of their 1998 album Follow the Leader and the accompanying Family Values Tour that year, which also included Limp Bizkit, Incubus, Orgy, Ice Cube and Rammstein. Music by these and similar bands began experiencing increased radio airplay and rotation on MTV's Total Request Live program, revealing a return in the popularity of rock music.
The sentiment was reinforced by MTV's "Return of the Rock" specials which featured Korn, Limp Bizkit, and other nu metal bands that experienced mainstream success at the turn of the century. The term "nu metal" adapted and the category began to describe bands that combined traditional metal themes with other styles such as hip-hop.
[modifică] Mainstream success and criticisms
Format:Verify Format:Pov-section Nu metal bands, because their style was not clearly defined, were often considered within multiple other genres. For example, Korn crosses into alternative metal and funk, Limp Bizkit crosses into hip hop and Disturbed crosses into heavy metal. The mix of styles led to some criticism that nu metal was no longer related to traditional metal. Rap is often used in nu metal, and fans of popular rap variations didn't always respond well to it. Papa Roach's Jacoby Shaddix, for example, for this reason has abandoned rapping in his band's most recent work. In recent times the genre has received increasing derision from the metal community for various reasons, and the terms mallcore and false metal are used by many as derogatory. Some also use the terms as a synonym for the genre, believing it to be the "true" name for the genre.
[modifică] Defining the term
Categorization of specific artists as "nu metal" is difficult, an issue made more prevalent in the online community by traditional metal fans who take offense to the term. Nu metal began as a mix of different genres, so the definition is not solid. Linkin Park's Meteora, for example, is listed as nu metal on Wikipedia, "Rock/Pop" on MP3.com[6], "Alternative" on AOL Music Now[7], and three different genres (Rock, Metal, and Alternative) on Metacritic[8].
[modifică] Common musical traits
[modifică] Guitar
Unlike traditional metal, the overall defining trait of nu metal guitar-playing is the emphasis on mood, rhythm, and texture over melody and complex instrumentation, achieved largely through performance or effects. Generally speaking, the emphasis in the music is on either communicating feelings of angst and hostility, or motivating a crowd to move with the beat -- ideally, both at once. However, guitar-playing in nu metal still often varies vastly in complexity, sound and usage. Bands take elements from several forms of music when composing the riffs for their guitars, causing a high variance between the bands. One common trait of most nu metal bands however, is to emphasize the guitar as a rhythmic instrument. Riffs often consist of only a few different notes or power chords played in rhythmic, syncopated patterns. To emphasize this rhythmic nature, nu metal guitarists generally make liberal use of palm muting, that is often widely spaced out and blend easily into the surrounding riffs, in a manner similar to grunge and hip hop.
Another common technique with nu metal guitarists is the use of de-tuned strings whose lower pitch creates a thicker, more resonant sound. Strings 'de-tuned' in this way, are often drop-D or lower, sometimes adding a seventh string. Guitar solos are rare in nu metal songs, and when they do appear they are often short and simple when compared to those of other metal genres, similar to Grunge music.
Linkin Park, Spineshank and Disturbed are three bands that may be considered to represent examples of many techniques common to nu metal.
[modifică] Bass
The speed and skill of a bassist in traditional heavy metal plays a large part of outcome in the band's sound, complementing percussive tempos (and occasionally the guitar riffs) to add a strong rhythm to the tone. The nu metal bass is often slow and reminiscent of hip hop or funk music, strutting a loud sound that could arguably compete with the presence of the band's vocalist. A common technique is using the slapping method of playing to give the music a funk groove. Unlike most other genres of music, the bass in nu metal is more often than not the driving force behind the aggression of the music,i.e. Mudvayne. Typically, most nu metal bands use basses that require more than the traditional four strings. These are usually five or six string basses, five being the norm while six is far more rare. Fieldy of Korn and Ryan Martinie of Mudvayne use five string basses. Bass is, by many, considered to be the lead instrument in Nu Metal due to the strong rhythm influence in the Music.
[modifică] Drums
Nu metal drumming mainly consist of hip hop and funk influenced beats. It is common for the drumming tempo to rise in the choruses and bridges. While blast beats and double bass kick drumming are used, they are used in short bursts or to help support the groove and tempo; these techniques are prominent in some bands while used on occasion in others.
[modifică] Turntablism
Many notable nu metal bands feature a DJ for additional rhythmic instrumentation (especially scratches and electronic backgrounds). Some examples of nu metal DJs are DJ Lethal of Limp Bizkit, Joe Hahn of Linkin Park, and Sid Wilson of Slipknot.
[modifică] Vocals
Nu metal bands often feature aggressive vocals that range from melodic singing akin to pop, rock and punk, guttural screaming and shouting from various forms of metal, and rapping.
Some distinction is usually maintained between bands who use rap vocals extensively, and those that do not. Bands featuring almost exclusively rap vocalization are sometimes loosely called "rap metal," while the less common term rapcore is used to describe bands who use a combination of singing, screaming, and/or rapping (for example, Limp Bizkit, Linkin Park, P.O.D. and Korn have songs that combine the styles). One method of rapping common in nu metal merges rap with "shouting". Another common method is simply utilizing the different styles in different parts of the songs, such as a "screaming" chorus breaking up rapped verses. The style and lyrical themes of nu metal rap are generally very different from those of mainstream hip hop. Distortion and other post-production effects are often added to vocals in the nu metal genre.
Tool is a recognizable origin for some nu metal vocalization; Chevelle's Pete Loeffler, Taproot's Stephen Richards, Disturbed's David Draiman, and Limp Bizkit's Fred Durst have cited Maynard James Keenan's signature style as an influence, with Durst also calling the entire group (in general) both a biggest musical influence and favorite band. [9]
[modifică] Lyrical themes
The lyrics of nu metal songs tend to reflect on the stresses and mishaps of everyday life. Topics covered in this manner range from childhood alienation or abuse, socio-economic status and relationship/marital difficulties. Whether one considers this to be depressing is largely dependent on the degree to which one identifies with the issues presented. Often, the tone of the songs resemble emotions felt by adolescents, such as intense frustration and being misunderstood. Those who do strongly identify consider this to be affirming, while those who do not tend to perceive the lyrics as being some combination of depressing and/or juvenile.
[modifică] Footnotes
[modifică] See also
- List of Nu metal musical groups
- Mallcore
- Post-grunge
[modifică] Sources
- Christe, Ian (2003). Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-380-81127-8.
- Kitts, Jeff and Tolinski,Brad (2002) Guitar World Presents: Nu-Metal Hal Leonard. ISBN 0-634-03287-9
- Quart, Alissa (2003) Branded: The Buying and Selling of Teenagers. Perseus Books Group. ISBN 0-7382-0862-0
| Metal (muzică) |
|---|
| Black metal - Classic metal - Death metal - Doom metal - Folk metal - Glam metal - Gothic metal - Grindcore - Groove metal - Industrial metal - Neo-classical metal - Nu metal - Power metal - Progressive metal - Speed metal - Stoner metal - Symphonic metal - Thrash metal |
| Scandinavian death metal - New Wave of British Heavy Metal - Bay Area thrash metal |
| Alte subiecte conexe |
| Modă - Istoric - Formaţii - Umlaut |
