Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction
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Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction, or VSELP, is a speech coding method used in the IS-54 standard. This codec was used in early TDMA cell phones in the United States. It was also used in the first version of RealAudio for audio over the Internet. The IS-54 VSELP standard was published by the Telecommunications Industry Association in 1989.
IS-54 VSELP specifies an encoding of each 20 ms of speech into 159-bit frames, thus achieving a raw data rate of 7.95 kbit/s. In an actual TDMA cell phone, the vocoder output is packaged with error correction and signaling information, resulting in an over-the-air data rate of 16.2 kbit/s. For internet audio, each 159-bit frame is stored in 20 bytes, leaving 1 bit unused. The resulting file thus has a data rate of exactly 8 kbit/s.
A major drawback of VSELP is its limited ability to encode non-speech sounds, so that it performs poorly when encoding speech in the presence of background noise. For this reason, use of VSELP has been gradually phased out in favor of newer codecs.
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[edit] References
- Ira A. Gerson and Mark A. Jasiuk, Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction (VSELP), IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding for Telecommunications, September 1989, pp. 66–68
- Ira A. Gerson and Mark A. Jasiuk, Vector sum excited linear prediction (VSELP) speech coding at 8 kbps, Proceedings of the 1990 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP-90), April 1990, pp. 461-464
