Thomas Munro
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Sir Thomas Munro (27 May 1761-6 July 1827), Scottish soldier and statesman, was born at Glasgow, the son of a merchant. Educated at the University of Glasgow, he was at first intended to enter his father's business, but in 1789 was appointed to an infantry cadetship in Madras.
He served with his regiment during the hard-fought war against Haidar Ali (1780-1783), and again in the first campaign against Tipu Sultan (1790-1792). He was then chosen as one of four military officers to administer the Baramahal, part of the territory acquired from Tipu, where he remained for seven years learning the principles of revenue survey and assessment whicl he afterwards applied throughout the presidency of Madras.
After the final downfall of Tipu in 1799, he spent a short tim restoring order in Kanara; and then for another seven year (1800-1807), he was placed in charge of the northern district "ceded" by the Nizam of Hyderabad, where he introduce the ryotwari system of land revenue.
After a long furlough in the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, during which he gave valuable evidence upon matters connected with the renewal of the British East India Company's charter, he returned to Madras in 1814 with special instructions to reform he judicial and police systems.
On the outbreak of the Pindari War in 1817, he was appointed as brigadier-general to command he reserve division formed to reduce the southern territories of the Peshwa. Of his signal services on this occasion Canning said in the House of Commons: "He went into the field with not more than five or six hundred men, of whom a very small proportion were Europeans.... Nine forts were surrendered to him or taken by assault on his way; and at the end of a silent and scarcely observed progress he emerged... leaving everything secure and tranquil behind him."
In 1820, he was appointed governor of Madras, where he founded the systems of revenue assessment and general administration which substantially emain to the present day. His official minutes, published by Sir A. Arbuthnot, form a manual of experience and advice for the modern civilian. He died of cholera while on tour in the "ceded" districts, where his name is preserved by more than one memorial. An equestrian statue of him, by Francis Legatt Chantrey, stands in Madras city.
The tirupati tirumala devasthanams still hold a huge cauldron gifted by him called MUNRO GANGALAM in which food for the lord venkateswara is prepared eventhough lord munro never visited the temple
[edit] References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
