The man on the Clapham omnibus
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The man on the Clapham omnibus is a descriptive formulation of a reasonably educated and intelligent but non-specialist person — a reasonable man; a hypothetical person against whom a defendant's conduct might be judged in an English law civil action for negligence.
The first reported quotation of the phrase is in the case of McQuire v. Western Morning News [1903] 2 KB 100, a libel case, in which Sir Richard Henn Collins MR attributes it to Lord Bowen, who had died nine years earlier.
However, it is derived from the phrase 'the bald-headed man at the back of the Clapham Omnibus', coined by the 19th century journalist Walter Bagehot to describe the normal man of London, so used because Clapham in south London at the time was a non-descript commuter suburb and was seen to represent 'ordinary' London. Omnibus is a (now) archaic expression for a public bus, but would have been common parlance amongst the judiciary at the beginning of the 20th century.
This expression has also been incorporated in Canadian patent jurisprudence, notably Beloit v. Valmet OY (1986), C.P.R. (3d) 289 in its eloquent discussion regarding the test for obviousness.
This phrase has arguably been replaced in common parlance by the phrase 'the man in the street'.
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