Sven Hassel
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Sven Hassel (born April 19, 1917) is a Danish-born soldier and writer who has written pseudo-autobiographical novels based on his experiences in World War II.
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[edit] Biography
Hassel's biography is disputed (see below). He claims that he was born as Sven Pedersen at Frederiksborg, Zealand, Denmark. He later adopted his mother's maiden name Hassel. At the age of 14 he joined a merchant navy as a cabin boy and worked in ship until his military service in 1936. In 1937, to escape the Great Depression, the unemployed Hassel moved to Germany to join the army. In an interview in 1990, he said, "Germany happened to be closer than England, I went to a Wehrmacht recruiting office to enlist, but it wasn't as easy as I had thought. Only German citizens could serve. After six months of trying to join up, the Seventh Cavalry Regiment finally accepted me on the condition that I became a naturalized German." Later he served with the second Panzer Division stationed at Eisenach and in 1939 was a tank driver during the invasion of Poland.
A year later he attempted to escape. ". . .I was quite simply exhausted. I did not return to my unit after a short leave. Desertion they called it. I was transferred to a sonderabteilung, a penal unit manned by criminals and dissidents."
He served with the 2nd Cavalry Regiment and later the 11th and 27th Panzer Regiments (6th Panzer Division) on all fronts except North Africa and was wounded several times. Eventually he reached the rank of lieutenant and received an Iron Cross 1st and 2nd class. He surrendered to Soviet troops in Berlin in 1945 and spent following years in various POW camps. He began to write his first book, Legion of the Damned while he was interned.
He was released in 1949, and was planning to join the French Foreign Legion when he met Dorthe Jensen, whom he married in 1951. He went to work in a car factory, but his wife encouraged him to write about his experiences. De Fordømtes Legion (Legion of the Damned) was published in 1953.
In 1957 Sven Hassel suffered from an attack of a sickness caught during the war and was paralyzed for almost two years. After recovery, he began to write more books. In 1964 he moved to Barcelona, Spain, where, as of 2004, he still lives. In total he has published fourteen novels which have been translated into eighteen languages. In 1987 his book Døden på larveføtter (Wheels of Terror) was made into a film with the title The Misfit Brigade [1]
[edit] Hassel's books
In his books, Hassel describes the war through a first-person narrator with the same name. The books describe the exploits of a 27th (Penal) Panzer Regiment composed of expendable soldiers - sentenced criminals, court-martialed soldiers and political undesirables. In addition to Sven, they include Legionnaire (ex-member of French Foreign Legion); a giant of a man ironically named Tiny; barracks fixer and shrewd thief Joseph Porta; older sergeant Old One; Julius Heide, a nazi fanatic; and Barcelona Blom, a veteran of both sides of the Spanish Civil War. They serve on most fronts from Northern Finland to the Russian Front (more than once), Italy, Greece and the Balkans, and to Normandy during the Normandy Invasion. A quick chronological analysis of the activities described in the books appears to show that the regiment depicted in the books fought in several places, hundreds of miles apart, at the same time. Hassel states that the characters are based on real people and events are related to historical events.
Hassel's view of war is brutal. In his books soldiers fight only to survive, the Geneva Convention being a dead letter to all sides. People are killed by chance or with very little reason. Occasional pleasant events and peaceful meetings are brutally cut short. Unsympathetic Prussian officers constantly threaten their men with courts-martial and execute them with little provocation. Disgruntled soldiers occasionally kill their own officers to get rid of them.
Even though Hassel's books are not taken seriously by historians or military professionals, many of the stories in them are well told, and - like much of fictional writing - some of their background material appears to be derived from authentic accounts.
They have brought a remarkable reading experience to many a reader, and are perhaps responsible for introducing readers to the subject of the Second World War from an unfamiliar viewpoint.
[edit] Critics
Erik Haaest, a self-styled Danish journalist, has spent many years trying to debunk Hassel's claims.
Haaest's father was an active member of the Danish resistance. After the war, his father refused to accept any awards from Denmark's post-war government, because many officials who had collaborated with the Germans, were still unpunished, in positions of power and were now posing as anti-Nazis. Haaest is intimately familiar with the subjects of Danish resistance, and Danish pro-Nazi collaborators.
Haaest writes that Sven Hassel is actually Børge Villy Redsted Pedersen, a Danish Nazi who never served on the Russian front. According to Haaest, the author spent the majority of World War II in occupied Denmark and his knowledge of warfare comes second-hand from Danish Waffen SS veterans whom he met after the end of the war. Haaest also alleges that Hassel's first novel was ghostwritten and when it became a success, he employed his wife to write the rest of his books.
He also used to claim that Sven Hassel's wife was behind a huge ring of sleazy pornography.
He has interviewed many Danish Waffen SS veterans, and in typical journalist fashion, takes pains to document his claims and name his sources. Perhaps as a result, attempts to discredit Haaest have consisted mostly of innuendo and denial, rather than discussing what - if anything - is wrong with the evidence he provides. Although Haaest's allegations are not generally accepted by Sven Hassel fans, they have focused attention on Hassel's description of his own past and provoked much discussion, particularly on Internet newsgroups and discussion forums, on the validity of Hassel's claims.
Far from being a mere debunking of Hassel's books, Haaest's charges amount to charges of treason against Sven Hassel. Eric Haaest supplies information that focuses on Sven Hassel's real activities during the period - information that seems to show that Pedersen aka Hassel, was in fact a member of the HIPO or Hilfspolizei, an auxiliary police force created by the Germans, consisting of collaborators.
The charges are all the more serious for Hassel, since Hassel writes from an anti-Nazi perspective.
According to Haaest, Pedersen aka Hassel was actually put on trial in Denmark. However, due to his abilities as a story teller, he was able to avoid a death sentence - a fate that many HIPO members faced.
Hassel's book Wheels of Terror contains some detailed accounts about the German breakout from the Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket. The fighting at Novaya Buda (which Hassel calls "Nova Buda"), as well as the breakout at Lysyanka, are dealt with from a survivor's point of view. Wheels of Terror also involves a battle for a railroad junction like that of Kovel. It so happens that the fighting in all of the above mentioned areas, involved Danish Waffen SS volunteers from the 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking. Later scenes of fighting in Wheels of Terror resemble the Battle of Narva, which included Danish Waffen SS volunteers from the Nordland.
This lends further credence to Haaest's assertion that Pedersen aka Hassel, gleaned some of the material in his books from cellmates who were Danish Waffen SS volunteers.
While Haaest has proved instrumental in casting doubt on Sven Hassel's stories, they were never taken seriously by military or history professionals to begin with.
For example, there was a 27th regiment in the German Army, but it was not penal. Tiger I tanks were in short supply, and were organized in special battalions, directly under Corps command, but attached to a few elite divisions; they certainly were not given to any penal formation.
For this reason, serious historical and military forums on the internet, such as Feldgrau.com and AxisHistory.com, do not treat any of Sven Hassel's works as authentic.
Hassel also used to claim that he served in Finland during the continuation War, and received a Mannerheim Cross, but Finnish military archives and the list of Mannerheim Cross recipients do not support either claim. The claim has since disappeared from his official biography.
[edit] Sven Hassel's Fans
The readership for Sven Hassel has spread to many countries. Although the popularity of his novels peaked several decades ago, the advent of the internet has sparked a new interest - and an opportunity for older fans to exchange viewpoints.
It is significant that some Hassel fans believe Eric Haaest's version of who Sven Hassel really is, while continuing to enjoy Hassel's books.
[edit] Works
(English names)
- The Legion Of The Damned (1953)
- Wheels Of Terror (1958)
- Comrades of War (1960)
- Assignment Gestapo (1963)
- Monte Cassino (The Beast Regiment) (1963)
- Liquidate Paris (1967)
- March Battalion (1962)
- SS-General (1969)
- Reign of Hell (1971)
- Blitzfreeze (1976)
- The Bloody Road to Death (1977)
- Court Martial (1979)
- OGPU Prison (1981)
- The Commissar (1985)
[edit] External links
- Porta’s Kitchen (a fan site with a large amount of information)
- Sven Hassel web site (Author's site)
- Erik Haaest's site (opposition site challenging Hassel's claims)
