Royal Canadian Mint
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The Royal Canadian Mint produces all of Canada's circulation coins, and manufactures circulation coins on behalf of other nations. The Mint designs and manufactures: collector coins; gold, silver and platinum bullion coins; customized medals, tokens and trade dollars;watches and for a brief time high end jewellery featuring coin designs. It also offers gold and silver refinery and assay services.
The President and CEO or Master of the Mint is the senior executive officer of the organization, reporting to a Board of Directors appointed by the Minister of Public Works and Government Services. The Mint operates under the legislative basis of the Royal Canadian Mint Act.
The Mint has been at the forefront of currency innovation. Among the Mint's technical innovations have included its plating process, which consists of a multi-ply technology that allows electromagnetic signatures to be imbedded in the coins, assuring readability in the coin-processing industries.[1] Its other innovation was the world's first coloured circulation coin, the 2004 Remembrance Day 25 cent piece, with a red poppy on the reverse. Further innovation was achieved with the adaptation of the Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) technology to coat its dies, extending the life of the die beyond that of past chrome coated dies.[2]
Many foreign countries have had coinage struck at the Royal Canadian Mint, including circulation coins, numismatic coins, and ready to strike blanks. The customers have included governments, central banks, and treasuries. In 2005 alone, the RCM manufactured 1.062 billion coins and blanks for 14 countries.[3] From 1980-2005, the RCM has manufactured approximately 52 billion coins for 62 countries.[4] These coins are manufactured at the Royal Canadian Mint's facility in Winnipeg.
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[edit] History
The Ottawa branch of the Royal Mint was opened in 1908. Prior to that, Canada's currency was produced in Great Britain at the Royal Mint and the Heaton Mint. In Ottawa the castellated Gothic style home for the mint was built from 1906 to 1908. The castle-like structure is one of the most unique buildings in Ottawa.
After the Ottawa branch opened, Canada could create its own coinage and create coinage for many other nations and territories including Newfoundland. The first coin to be produced at the new facility was the 50 cent coin on January 2, 1908 struck by Lord Earl Grey as part of the opening ceremony. His wife, Lady Grey, struck the first one-cent coin that same day. The other denominations minted were the 1, 5, 10 and 25 cent coins, and the gold sovereign. From 1912 to 1914, gold 5 and 10 dollar coins were also struck. A pattern coin was struck in 1911 for a silver dollar, but this denomination did not enter circulation at that time.
During the years following its opening, the Mint offered collector coin sets. Most of the sets issued prior to the 1950s are worth thousands of dollars. During the 1920s, there was a large surplus of circulating currency; virtually no silver coinage was struck from 1921 to 1928. 1921 also marked the change from the silver 5-cent coin to the familiar nickel, which had the same size and composition as the American coin that had been introduced in 1866.
In 1931, the Royal Mint was made a Canadian government corporation and renamed the Royal Canadian Mint. As it was now Canadian owned, the mint was no longer allowed to produce gold sovereign coins, although none had in fact been struck in Ottawa since 1919. In 1935, a silver dollar coin was introduced with a Voyageur canoe on the reverse. The accession of King George VI in 1937 marked a complete redesign of the coin reverses to the well-known current circulating designs—a maple twig on the 1 cent coin, a beaver on the 5 cent coin, the Bluenose schooner on the 10 cent coin, a caribou on the 25 cent coin, and a coat of arms on the 50 cent coin. The dollar's reverse was not changed.
World War 2 saw low mintages of most coins, as the metals (especially copper and nickel) were needed for the war effort. The reverse of the 5 cent coin was changed to a V for Victory in 1942, and its composition was changed to tombac; the composition was changed again to nickel-chromium-plated steel in 1944.
The criteria for the V design came from Winston Churchill's famous V sign, and the V denomination mark on the US 5-cent pieces of 1883-1912.[5] A novel feature was an inscription of morse code on the coin. This International Code message meant "We Win When We Work Willingly" and was placed along the rim on the reverse instead of denticles.[6] The regular reverse and composition were resumed in 1946. Chromium-plated steel was again used for the 5 cent coin from 1950 to 1953 during the Korean War, but the reverse was unchanged.
In 1967, the Mint introduced a series of commemorative coins in honour of the Canadian centennial. Every coin produced that year, excepting the exotic rock dove or pigeon, featured a creature that is native to Canada—a rock dove on the 1 cent coin, a rabbit on the 5 cent coin, a mackerel on the 10 cent coin, a Lynx on the 25 cent coin, a howling wolf on the 50 cent coin, and a Canada goose on the dollar. A commemorative gold 20 dollar coin was also struck for collectors' sets, with a coat of arms on the reverse. It is worth noting, that the Royal Canadian Mint actually wanted to commemorate Canada's 60th anniversary in 1927 with variant coin designs.[7]
The Royal Canadian Mint has continued to be at the forefront of placing commemorative coin designs in circulation. In 1973, the usual 25-cent coin reverse was replaced with a Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer astride a horse, to celebrate the centennial of the founding of the North West Mounted Police (now the RCMP). This practice became more popular in the 1990s and the 2000s, with numerous circulating commemorative one-dollar and 25-cent coins, a commemorative 10 cent coin in 2001 and a commemorative 60th anniversary Victory nickel in 2005. Criticism has arisen, however, that the Mint has issued so many recent commemoratives that Canadians are oversaturated with, and blasé about them. The Poppy commemorative of 2004, although innovative in its use of coloring, was also criticized because the colour wore off too quickly.
Due to the rising price of silver, the fineness of silver coins was reduced from 80% to 50% in 1967, and silver was eliminated entirely from circulating coins in 1968. The formerly silver coins began to be struck in pure nickel. The diameters of the 50 cent and 1 dollar coins were reduced at this time to lengthen die life, since nickel is a much harder metal than silver. Starting in 1999, the rising cost of nickel led the Mint to strike all circulation coins from nickel-plated steel (copper-plated for the 1 cent).
In 1971, the Mint began a series of commemorative silver dollars, issued for collectors, that continues to this day; each year, a new reverse design is featured. A slew of other collectible coin series has since followed, most notably the gold 100 and 200 dollar coins. There were many years when the Mint actually produced two different commemorative silver dollars. 1997 saw a second commemorative silver dollar which honoured the 10th Anniversary of the Loon dollar. A nickel version was also available in the "Oh Canada!" and Specimen Sets of 1997.
Another coin included the 1999 commemorative to recognize the International Year of Older Persons. The 90th Anniversary of the Striking of Canada's 1911 Silver Dollar was commemorated in 2001, while 2002 saw a commemorative to honour the life of the Queen Mother. The popularity of these coins was continued with a Proof Dollar for the 50th Anniversary of the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 2003, and a Special Edition Silver Dollar for "The Poppy" in 2004. A variant to the commemorative silver dollar in 2005 was a Royal Canadian Mint first. The commemorative silver dollar to honour the 40th Anniversary of Canada's Flag brought with it two variants. The first variant was a gold-plated version which was exclusive to the 2005 Proof Set. An Enamel-Red variant was released near the end of 2005, and was the first commemorative silver dollar with an Enamel effect.[8]
In 1976, the Winnipeg branch of the Royal Canadian Mint opened, allowing Ottawa to concentrate solely on collector coins while the Winnipeg mint would produce the entire supply of circulation coins.
In 1979, the Mint began issuing gold bullion coins known as Maple Leaf coins, because of the reverse design. Gold Maple Leafs have been struck in 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/10 and 1/20 troy ounce weights. In 1988, platinum Maple Leaf coins were introduced in the same weights as the gold versions, and in 1989, a 1 troy ounce silver bullion Maple Leaf coin was introduced.
The major change to Canadian coinage in the 1980s was the introduction of a circulating 1 dollar coin, widely known as the Loonie because of the common loon gracing its reverse. (A Voyageur canoe had been planned initially, but the master dies were lost in shipment between Ottawa and Winnipeg, so a new design was necessary.) This coin was introduced in 1987 and almost immediately met with poor favour by Canadians. It did not become widely accepted until the 1 dollar banknote was withdrawn from circulation, which began in February 1989. Thereafter, the coin became widely, if reluctantly, accepted. In 1996, a 2 dollar circulating coin (known widely as the Toonie) was introduced, featuring a polar bear on the reverse, and the 2 dollar banknote withdrawn. It too was met with reluctant acceptance by the vast majority of Canadians. The 2 dollar coin was also a first for the mint in that it used a bi-metallic structure—the centre of the coin is bronze-coloured and the circumference is nickel-coloured.
Further innovation occurred in 1999, when the Royal Canadian Mint laid the groundwork for its new plating process. The efforts reached fruition in 2001 when circulation coinage was issued with their new Multi-Ply Plated steel blanks. As of 2001, all circulation coins (excluding the one-cent piece) have a Mint Mark with a P on the obverse of the coin. The plating process is acid based and electroplates a thin coating of nickel, then copper, then nickel again on to a steel core. [9]
While the Royal Canadian Mint was perfecting its plating process, it was busy giving Canadians the opportunity to be part of its Millennium coin project. A contest was held in which Canadians could submit artwork and a group of winners would be selected to have their coins featured on commemorative 25-cent pieces.
A total of 24 winners was selected. There would be 12 coins in 1999 (one for each month of the year) and 12 coins in 2000 (again, one for each month of the year). All winners had their initials appear somewhere on the coin.[10]
The coins for 1999 represented Canadian achievements and milestones, while the coins released in 2000 featured Canadians vision of their culture and their hopes for the future. The demand for these coins were extremely high. The total mintage for the 1999 Circulation Coins was 258,888,000. Amazingly, the total mintage in 2000 was higher. An incredible 435,751,000 coins were minted.
In 2004, the Royal Canadian Mint made numismatic history by issuing the world's first coloured circulation coin. The coins were produced at the Royal Canadian Mint's Winnipeg plant. The technology involved the utilization of a high-speed, computer-controlled and precision inkjet process. Approximately 30,000,000 coins went into circulation in October 2004, with Tim Horton's donut chain assisting with the distribution.
In 2005, the Royal Canadian Mint continued to expand its bullion Maple Leaf coinage by using Palladium. Available in a one-ounce format, the Palladium coin presented an alternative to the Platinum Maple Leaf, which had been discontinued in 1999. During the testing process for the Palladium coin, coins were tested on two different Palladium blanks. These blanks had been identified as Lot "A" and Lot "B". From these blanks, 290 test coins were struck. Said coins were struck with a Mint Mark to attest to their authenticity. All test coins struck from Lot A were identified with an "A" Mint Mark, and all test coins struck from Lot B were given a "B" Mint Mark. These coins were available through a draw held by the Royal Canadian Mint. Their face value was $50 each and the issue price for both coins were $1,299.95.
Palladium would be used again in 2006 as part of its numismatic line. A four-coin set with a $50 Face Value was issued. The four-coin set had a mintage of 1200 as each coin featured one of the four seasons. Each coin was adorned with constellations in the background of the coin. Such novelties would continue as the RCM issued a $3 Square coin, the first offering in its history. A five ounce pure silver coin called "The Four Seasons" would also be offered, marking the first time that the RCM offered a numismatic piece in that weight.
[edit] Winnipeg Facility
In November of 1960 the Master of the Mint had advised the Minister of Finance that there was a need for a new facility. It was recognized that there was a need to have an additional facility to produce coins. The Philadelphia Mint produced some 10-cent coins and all numismatic coins were produced in Hull, Québec. The facility in Ottawa served as a refinery.
In 1963 and subsequently, in 1964, the Government discussed the possibility of producing a new facility, which would be functional within 2 years. Prime Minister Lester (Mike) Pearson actually suggested building the facility in Elliott Lake, Ontario.[11]
Despite these discussions, nothing had yet occurred. A 1968 study indicated that the Ottawa Mint facility was truly antiquated. Many believed that the turning point would truly come in 1969, when the Royal Canadian Mint became a Crown Corporation. Ironically, there was no need for a new facility because most of the workload was a carryover from the high demand of 1968.
Funds had been allocated to a new facility, but no real planning had begun. Once more, the emphasis was to search for a facility in Ottawa. Initially, the first consideration was to replace the existing facility altogether. In May 1969, the idea flickered out. It was decided that the Royal Canadian Mint would keep the historic building but have a new facility for the manufacturing of circulation coins.
The Federal Government of the time, led by Pierre Trudeau, decided to decentralize many public services. The result was a claim for restitution from the province of Manitoba, complaining about its lost many military bases.[12] In February 1970, Supply and Services Minister James Richardson, the Minister responsible for the RCM, proposed the possibility of a new facility in Winnipeg.
This proposal was cause for debate because it was legally stipulated that the RCM was unlike any other government operation and that money should be produced in Canada’s Capital Region. Another point of tension was that the Cabinet Minister was from Winnipeg. The belief was based on logistical philosophies. Plants that are over 1,000 miles apart would endure communication and distribution difficulties.
A study had shown that the division had merit because raw materials could be purchased from a supplier in Alberta, rather than a competitor outside of Canada.[13] Eventually, it was agreed upon in December 1971 that the RCM would build a facility in Winnipeg. The land was purchased in 1972 and construction started at the end of the year.
Upon completion, it was very clear that this new facility was completely different from the facility in Ottawa. Etienne Gaboury designed a striking sight with its triangular form soaring above the flat prairie, the Royal Canadian. (Note: E. Gaboury was Design Architect; Number Ten Architectural Group was Project Architect.)
Completed in 1975, the glazed walls give the office tower the appearance of a crystalline prism. Its mirror reflection in the surrounding moats invited awe and excitement from passers-by. Gaboury's conception for the Mint was the pinnacle of the high-tech style he brought to many of his government commissions. He chose to forgo simple nationalistic display and pursue a concept which would artistically reflect the essential function of the particular building; both inside and out.[14]
The RCM facility in Winnipeg started to manufacture coins and the facility was officially opened in 1976. The facility was consciously designed by Gaboury to reflect its innate fortress quality. It was, in effect, a high security building, which was meant to be impenetrable. The walls were massive with very few apertures, with all windows placed either very high or over water.[15] Complemented by a landscaped garden, it provided a park-like environment for the visiting public, leading into the touring route of the facility.
The route was designed to keep visitor and internal traffic separate at all times, with the goal of maximizing the visibility of the mint's operations. Following a circuit over bridges and through courtyards, the public was able to obtain a ground-level view of all the production and key support areas of the mint. This culminated in a view of the coin vault through the glazed walls.[16]
Part of the Winnipeg Mint’s legacy is its role in producing the circulation currency of other nations. Anyone, who has ever seen a 20-cent Australian coin with a platypus on it, would not be surprised to know that the Winnipeg Mint had a hand in its production. If it was minted in 1981, the Winnipeg plant produced 50,000,000 million of them that year.[17]
The platypus coin merely scratches the surface of what has been a proud role. The Royal Canadian Mint has produced coinage for over 74 countries: Centavo’s for Cuba, Fils for Yemen, Pesos for Colombia, Kroner for Iceland, Rupiah for Indonesia, Bahts for Thailand, and a thousand-dollar coin for Hong Kong. Other nations include Barbados and Uganda. The Winnipeg production branch of the Royal Canadian Mint is definitely one of the largest and most elaborate minting operations in the world.
[edit] Award Winning Coins
- 1985 Coin of the Year, Presented by World Coin News, Coin: 1988 Olympic 20-dollar coin-Downhill Skier (Note: Olympic coins in Canada are usually produced three years prior to the event)
- 1986 Coin of the Year, Presented by World Coin News, Best Gold Coin, Theme: 450th Anniversary, Jacques Cartier Voyage of Discovery
- 1988 Coin of the Year, Presented by World Coin News, Best Silver Coin, Theme: 400th Anniversary, Davis Passage
- 1989 Coin of the Year, Presented by World Coin News, Best Silver Coin, Theme: Bicentennial Voyage of Mackenzie River
- 1993 Coin of the Year, Presented by World Coin News, Best Gold Coin, Theme: Antique Autos
- 1994 Coin of the Year, Presented by Munchen Magazin, Best Coin, Theme: Anne of Green Gables
- 1996 Coin of the Year, Presented by Munchen Magazin, Best Coin, Theme: 100th Anniversary of Gold found in Klondike
- 1997 Coin of the Singapore International Coin Show, Best Coin, Theme: Haida Contemporative Art
- 1998 Coin of the Year, Presented by World Coin News, Best Gold Coin, Theme: Alexander Graham Bell
- 1998 Most Popular Coin, Presented by World Coin News, Most Popular, Theme: Two-dollar coin with Polar Bear Design
- 1999 International Hologram Manufacturers Association and Holography, Category: Excellence in Holographic Production, Theme: 20th Anniversary Gold Bullion Maple Leaf coin
- 2000 Most Popular Coin, Presented by World Coin News, Most Popular, Theme: 125th Anniversary of RCMP
- 2000 Most Technologically Advanced Coin, World Mint Directors Conference 2000, Theme: $20 coin featuring Hologram cameo on the Transportation Series
- 2000 Coin of the Year, Presented by World Coin News, Best Gold, Theme: Mother and Child
- 2002 Coin of the Year, Asia Money Fair, Theme: Asian Symbols Five Blessings Commemorative Set[18]
- 2006 Most Innovative Coin of the Year, World Mint Directors Conference 2006, Theme: Coloured 25-cent Poppy Coin[19]
[edit] Circulation Coin Facts
- The History of Queen Elizabeth II's Effigy
1953 - The rise of a new Monarch resulted in a numismatic controversy. The Laureated Bust of the Queen's Effigy had a high relief resulted in the appearance that there was no shoulder strap on the Queen's Effigy. Reworking by the Master Engraver of the Royal Canadian Mint resulted in the appearance of a shoulder strap, hence, the terms "NO SHOULDER FOLD" and "SHOULDER FOLD"
1965 - Starting in 1965, the Effigy of Her Majesty the Queen underwent the first of three changes. This new obverse featured the Queen with more mature facial features. The wearing of a tiara was the other aspect of the new effigy.
1990 - A new obverse debuted with the Queen now wearing a diamond diadem and jewellery. Although the effigy changed in 2003, this crowned portrait is still used on all Chinese Lunar New Year coins.
2003 - To commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the Coronation of Her Majesty the Queen, a new obverse was introduced. The unique feature of this effigy was that the Queen was now featured without a crown. This would mark the first time that a Monarch did not have a Crown in their effigy since her father King George VI.
- Maple Leaf Issue 1947
The British Empire's decision to grant India its independence created a unique problem for the Royal Canadian Mint in early 1948. The effigy of His Majesty would be altered to reflect the change. No longer would the phrase "ET IND:IMP" (meaning Emperor of India) be visible on the effigy. This resulted in the production of new Master tools, but they would not arrive for a couple of months. Despite this, there was still a demand for circulation coins.
The Mint had no alternative but to strike coins with the date of 1947 with the effigy bearing an out of date title. As a means of distinguishing between the original strikings of 1947, a small maple leaf was placed after the date. Once the Master tools were received with the phrase "ET IND:IMP" removed from the effigy, the 1947 Maple Leaf coinage no longer continued. For the remainder of the year, all coins that were produced had the new effigy and the appropriate date, 1948, on its reverse.
- Missing Loonie
1997 - Between 1997 and 2001, the One Dollar Loon coin was not issued for general circulation. Due to the high demand for the Two Dollar Polar Bear coin (mintages between 1997 and 2001 were as high as 29 million in 2000 alone), the Loon was only available in the standard collector sets that were made available on an annual basis, such as the Uncirculated, Oh Canada, Specimen and Proof sets.
- New Mint Mark in 2006
In an effort to build the brand, the Royal Canadian Mint implemented a policy in which all its circulation and collector coins would bear a new Mint Mark. Unveiled at the Canadian Numismatic Association convention in Niagara Falls, Ontario in July 2006, the Mint Mark was a reproduction of the Royal Canadian Mint logo.
The first circulation coin to bear the new Mint Mark was the 10th Anniversary Two Dollar coin, illustrated by Tony Bianco. This would mean that the "P" Mint Mark which recognized the plating technology would no longer be used. For collectors, the first collector coin to feature the new Mint Mark was the Snowbirds Coin and Stamp Set. <1>
NOTE: An anomaly occurred in August 2006, when some 5-cent pieces appeared with no Mint Mark whatsoever.
- No Shoulder Fold vs. Shoulder Fold
In 1953, a new Monarch meant a new Effigy. Due to an issue with the portrait model for the new Queen Elizabeth, two obverse varieties, termed the No Shoulder Fold and the Shoulder Fold obverses were found in circulation during 1953. The portrait model was prepared in England by a sculptress, Mary Gillick. The relief of this model was too high. This had an impact on the new effigy because the centre portion containing two lines on the shoulder (representing a fold in the Queen's gown) did not strike up well on the coins. This obverse had been termed the "No Shoulder Strap" variety by numismatists.
Later in 1953, Mint authorities decided to correct the defects in the obverse design. Thomas Shingles, the Chief Engraver of the RCM, was summoned to lower the relief of the model. The result was that he had strengthened the shoulder and hair detail. This revised obverse (often called "The Shoulder Strap" variety due to the resemblance of the lines to a strap) was introduced before the end of the year. This was accepted as the standard obverse. Unfortunately, the No Shoulder Fold obverse saw new life as it was used to produce some of the 1954 cents for the Proof-like sets and a small quantity of 1955 cents for ciruclation. The 1955 No Shoulder Fold Variety is the most desired with collectors.
NOTE: The best way to tell the difference is to look at the letter "I" in DEI. On the No Shoulder Fold Obverse, the I points between two rim denticles. On the Shoulder Fold Obverse, the letter "I" points at a rim denticle.
- Rarest Canadian Circulation Coin
Among numismatists, the 1921 50-cent coin is considered the rarest Canadian circulation coin. In the Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins 2006 Edition, a 1921 coin in MS-63 condition is valued at $125,000. <2> Despite a mintage of 206,398 coins, there was a very low demand for 50-cent coins in the 1920's. The belief is that most of the 50-cent coins from 1920 and 1921 were melted (amounting to approximately 480,392 coins). <3> The reason for the melting was that new coins were needed for 1929 and if coins from 1920 and 1921 were released into circulation, people would suspect counterfeit coins. According to legend, only 75 of these coins still exist, and most of those are from Specimen Sets that were sold to people who visited the RC Mint.
- Victory Nickel
(Tombac 1943-1944) (Steel 1944-1945)
The five-cent piece underwent a design change for the first time since 1937 when the Beaver was first introduced. The new reverse featured a striking V design. In the interest of promoting the war effort, the famous V sgin from Churchill was adopted. Perhaps, the most unique aspect of this coin was the Morse Code. The meaning was "We Win When We Work Willingly". It is not uncommon that the edge of the Steel versions of the V Nickel were known to rust.
Due to high demands for copper and zinc during the war effort, the use of Tombac was suspended. A new composition of steel with .0127 mm plating of nickel and .0003 mm plating of chromium was now the norm. <4> Unfortunately, the plating process of these coins meant that strips had to be plated before blanks were punched out. The end result was that the edges of the blanks were unplated. Although the RCM would return to nickel after WWII, the Korean war effort resulted in the use of steel again in 1951.
[edit] Master of the Mint
Traditionally, the President of the Royal Canadian Mint is affectionately known as the Master of the Mint. A listing of all the Masters of the Mint is as follows:
| James Binar | 1908–1919 |
| A.H.W. Cleave | 1919–1925 |
| J.H. Campbell | 1925–1937 |
| H.E. Ewart | 1938–1944 |
| A.P. Williams | 1946–1947 (acting) |
| W.C. Ronson | 1947–1953 |
| N.A. Parker | 1959–1968 |
| E.F. Brown | 1968–1970 (acting) |
| G.W. Hunter | 1970–1975 |
| Y. Gariepy | 1975–1981 |
| D.M. Cudahy | 1981–1982 (acting) |
| J. Corkery | 1982–1986 |
| M.A.J. Lafontaine | 1986–1993 |
| M.R. Hubbard | 1993–1994 |
| Danielle Wetherup | 1994–2002 |
| Emmanuel Triassi | 2002–2003 (acting) |
| David C. Dingwall | 2003–2005 |
| Marguerite Nadeau | 2005–2006 (acting) |
| Ian E. Bennett | 2006— |
[edit] Millennium Coins
The following is a list of the winning themes and artists for the 1999 and 2000 Millennium Coins:[20]
| Month | Theme | Artist |
|---|---|---|
| January 1999 | A Country Unfolds | P. Ka-Kin Poon |
| February 1999 | Etched in Stone | L. Springer |
| March 1999 | The Log Drive | M. Lavoie |
| April 1999 | Our Northern Heritage | Ken Ojnak Ashevac |
| May 1999 | The Voyageurs | S. Minenok |
| June 1999 | Coast to Coast | G. Ho |
| July 1999 | A Nation of People | M.H. Sarkany |
| August 1999 | The Pioneer Spirit | A. Botelho |
| September 1999 | Canada Through a Child’s Eye | C. Bertrand |
| October 1999 | A Tribute to the First Nation | J.E. Read |
| November 1999 | The Air Plane Opens The North | B.R. Bacon |
| December 1999 | This is Canada | J.L.P. Provencher |
| January 2000 | Pride | Donald F. Warkentin |
| February 2000 | Ingenuity | John Jaciw |
| March 2000 | Achievement | Daryl Dorosz |
| April 2000 | Health | Annie Wassef |
| May 2000 | Natural Legacy | Randy Trantau |
| June 2000 | Harmony | Haver Demirer |
| July 2000 | Celebration | Laura Paxton |
| August 2000 | Family | Wade Stephen Baker |
| September 2000 | Wisdom | Cezar Serbanescu |
| October 2000 | Creativity | Jerik (Kong Tat) Hui |
| November 2000 | Freedom | Kathy Vinish |
| December 2000 | Community | Michelle Thibodeau |
[edit] Mint Marks
- A – Used on 2005 Palladium Test Coin to signify the coins were struck from Lot A.
- B – Used on 2005 Palladium Test Coin to signify the coins were struck from Lot B.
- C - Placed on sovereigns produced at the Ottawa branch of the Royal Mint, between 1908 and 1919.
- Dot – In December of 1936, King Edward VIII abdicated the throne in favour of his brother, who would become King George VI. The problem was that the Royal Mint was designing the effigy of King Edward VIII and now a new effigy would need to be created. The 1, 10 and 25 cent pieces in 1937 would be struck from dies with a 1936 date on the reverse. To distinguish that these coins were issued in 1937, a Dot Mint Mark was placed on the 1936 dies, and could be found beneath the year. These coins fulfilled demand for coins until new coinage tools with the effigy of King George VI were ready.
- H – Used to identify coins that were struck for Canada by the Birmingham Mint, also known as the Heaton Mint, until 1907.
- Maple Leaf – All coins with a Maple Leaf Mint Mark were struck in 1948 due to an emergency with coin toolage. The granting of India’s independence resulted in the removal of IND:IMP (meaning Emperor of India) from King George VI’s effigy. Due to the demand for circulation coins in 1948, coins for 1948 could not be struck until the new tools were received. The new tools would have the IND:IMP removed from them. In the meanwhile, coins were produced in 1948 with a year of 1947 on them. A small Maple Leaf Mint Mark was struck beside 1947 on the reverse of all coins to signify the year of production.
- P – From 2001-2006, most one cent, five cents, ten cents, twenty-five cents, and fifty cents issued for circulation were struck with a P Mint Mark to represent the Royal Canadian Mint’s plating process.
- RCM Logo – At the CNA Convention in July 2006, the RCM unveiled its new Mint Mark to be used on all circulation and numismatic coinage. The agenda behind the implementation of this new Mint Mark was to help increase the RCM’s image as a brand. The aim of the logo is to educate coin users and coin collectors, respectively, that the RCM is minting Canada’s coins. The first Circulation Coin to have this new Mint Mark is the 10th Anniversary Two-Dollar coin. The first Numismatic Coin to have this new Mint Mark is the Snowbirds Coin and Stamp Set.[21]
- W - Used occasionally on specimen sets produced in Winnipeg, starting in 1998.
[edit] Numismatic Collections
[edit] 100 Dollar Gold
| Year | Theme | Artist | Mintage | Issue Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | Olympic Commemorative | Dora de Pédery-Hunt | 650,000 | $105.00 |
| 1976 | Olympic Commemorative (22k) | Dora de Pédery-Hunt | 350,000 | $150.00 |
| 1977 | Silver Jubilee, Queen Elizabeth II | Raymond Lee | 180,396 | $140.00 |
| 1978 | Canadian Unity Coin | Roger Savage | 200,000 | $150.00 |
| 1979 | International Year of Child | Carola Tietz | 250,000 | $185.00 |
| 1980 | Arctic Territories | Arnaldo Marchetti | 130,000 | $430.00 |
| 1981 | O Canada Commemorative | Roger Savage | 100,950 | $300.00 |
| 1982 | Patriation of Constitution | Friedrich Peter | 121,706 | $290.00 |
| 1983 | Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s Landing | John Jaciw | 83,128 | $310.00 |
| 1984 | Jacques Cartier Voyage of Discovery | Carola Tietz | 67,662 | $325.00 |
| 1985 | National Parks Centenary | Hector Greville | 58,520 | $325.00 |
| 1986 | International Year of Peace | Dora de Pédery-Hunt | 76,255 | $325.00 |
| 1987 | XV Olympic Winter Games | Friedrich Peter | 145,175 | $255.00 |
| 1988 | The Bowhead Whale | Robert R. Carmichael | 52,239 | $255.00 |
| 1989 | Sainte-Marie | David J. Craig | 63,881 | $245.00 |
| 1990 | International Literacy Year | John Mardon | 49,940 | $245.00 |
| 1991 | Empress of India | Karsten Smith | 33,966 | $245.00 |
| 1992 | City of Montreal, 350th Anniversary | Stewart Sherwood | 28,190 | $239.85 |
| 1993 | Era of the Horseless Carriage | John Mardon | 25,971 | $239.85 |
| 1994 | The Home Front | Paraskeva Clark | 17,603 | $249.95 |
| 1995 | Founding of Louisbourg | Lewis Parker | 16,916 | $249.95 |
| 1996 | First Major Gold Discovery in the Klondike | John Mantha | 650,000 | $259.95 |
| 1997 | 150th Anniversary, Alexander Graham Bell | Donald H. Curley | 14,030 | $259.95 |
| 1998 | 75th Anniv., Nobel Prize for Discovery of Insulin | Robert R. Carmichael | 11,220 | $259.95 |
| 1999 | 50th Anniv, Newfoundland’s Confederation with Canada | J. Gale-Vaillancourt | 10,242 | $259.95 |
| 2000 | 150th Anniv., Search for Northwest Passage | John Mardon | 10,547 | $259.95 |
| 2001 | 125th Anniv., Library of Parliament | Robert R. Carmichael | 8,080 | $259.95 |
| 2002 | Commemorating Canada’s Oil Industry | John Mardon | 9,994 | $259.95 |
| 2003 | 100th Anniversary of Marquis Wheat | Thom Nelson | 9,993 | $259.95 |
| 2004 | St. Lawrence Seaway Construction | Susan Taylor | 7,123 | $259.95 |
| 2005 | 130th Anniversary of Supreme Court of Canada | Suzanne Duranceau | 9,000 | $329.95 |
| 2006 | 75th Anniversary, Longest International Hockey Series | Tony Bianco | 9,000 | $329.95 |
[edit] 200 Dollar Gold
| Year | Theme | Artist | Mintage | Issue Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Canada Flag Silver Jubilee | Stewart Sherwood | 20,980 | $395.00 |
| 1991 | A National Passion (Hockey) | Stewart Sherwood | 10,215 | $425.00 |
| 1992 | Niagara Falls | John Mardon | 9,465 | $389.65 |
| 1993 | Royal Canadian Mounted Police | Stewart Sherwood | 10,807 | $389.65 |
| 1994 | Anne of Green Gables | Pheobe Gilman | 10,655 | $399.95 |
| 1995 | The Sugar Bush | J.D. Mantha | 9,579 | $399.95 |
| 1996 | Transcontinental Landscape | Suzanne Duranceau | 8,047 | $414.95 |
| 1997 | Haida “Raven Bringing Light to the World” | Robert Davidson | 11,610 | $414.95 |
| 1998 | The Legend of the White Buffalo | Alex Janvier | 7,149 | $414.95 |
| 1999 | Mikmaq Butterfly | Alan Syliboy | 6,510 | $414.95 |
| 2000 | Mother and Child | Germaine Arnaktauyok | 7,410 | $414.95 |
| 2001 | The Habitant Farm | Cornelius Kreighoff | 5,406 | $414.95 |
| 2002 | The Jack Pine | Tom Thompson | 5,754 | $414.95 |
| 2003 | Houses | Lionel Lemoine Fitzgerald | 4,118 | $414.95 |
| 2004 | Fragments | Alfred Pellan | 3,699 | $414.95 |
| 2005 | Fur Traders | John Mardon | 4,500 | $489.95 |
| 2006 | Timber Trade | John Mardon | 4,500 | $489.95 |
[edit] 350 Dollar Gold
| Year | Theme | Artist | Mintage | Issue Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | 90th Anniversary of the Royal Canadian Mint | Pierre Leduc | 1,999 | $999.99 |
| 1999 | The Golden Slipper (Flower of Prince Edward Island) | Henry Purdy | 1,990 | $999.99 |
| 2000 | The Pacific Dogwood (Flower of British Columbia) | Caren Heine | 1,971 | $999.99 |
| 2001 | The Mayflower (Flower of Nova Scotia) | Bonnie Ross | 1,988 | $999.99 |
| 2002 | The Wild Rose (Flower of Alberta) | Dr. A. K. Hellum | 2,001 | $1,099.99 |
| 2003 | The White Trillium (Flower of Ontario) | Pamela Stagg | 1,865 | $1,099.99 |
| 2004 | The Firewood (Flower of Yukon) | Catherine Ann Deer | 1,836 | $1,099.99 |
| 2005 | The Western Red Lily (Flower of Saskatchewan) | Chris Jordison | 2,005 | $1,295.95 |
| 2006 | Iris Versicolor (Flower of Québec) | Susan Taylor | 2,006 | $1,489.95 |
[edit] Aviation Collection
The collection consists of two series of coins. Both series compose of 10 coins each, respectively. Two coins were issued a year for ten years, starting in 1990. All coins were of proof quality, and each coin featured a gold oval cameo with the image of one of Canada’s aviation heroes.
Series One (1990-1994)
- 1990 – Plane: Avro Anson and the North American Harvard
Aviation Hero: Robert Leckie Artist: Geoff Bennett Mintage: 41,844 Issue Price: $55.50
Plane: Avro Lancaster Aviation Hero: J.E. Fauquier Artist: R.R. Carmichael Mintage: 43,596 Issue Price: $55.50
- 1991 – Plane: A.E.A. Silver Dart
Aviation Hero: F.W. Baldwin and John A.D. McCurdy Artist: George Velinger Mintage: 35,202 Issue Price: $55.50
Plane: de Havilland Beaver Aviation Hero: Phillip C. Garratt Artist: Peter Mossman Mintage: 36,197 Issue Price: $55.50
- 1992 – Plane: Curtiss JN-4 (Canuck)
Aviation Hero: Sir Frank Wilton Baillie Artist: George Velinger Mintage: 33,105 Issue Price: $55.50
Plane: de Havilland Gypsy Moth Aviation Hero: Murton A. Seymour Artist: John Mardon Mintage: 32,537 Issue Price: $55.50
- 1993 – Plane: Fairchild 71c
Aviation Hero: James A. Richardson Artist: R.R. Carmichael Mintage: 32,199 Issue Price: $55.50
Plane: Lockheed 14 Super Electra Aviation Hero: Zebulon Lewis Leigh Artist: R.R. Carmichael Mintage: 32,550 Issue Price: $55.50
- 1994 – Plane: Curtiss HS-2L
Aviation Hero: Stuart Graham Artist: John Mardon Mintage: 31,242 Issue Price: $55.50
Plane: Canadian Vickers Vedette Aviation Hero: Wilfred T. Reid Artist: R.R. Carmichael Mintage: 30,880 Issue Price: $55.50
Series Two (1995-1999)
- 1995 – Plane: Fleet 80 Canuck
Aviation Hero: J. Omer (Bob) Noury Artist: Robert Bradford Mintage: 17,438 Issue Price: $57.95
Plane: DHC-1 Chipmunk Aviation Hero: W.C. Russell Brannock Artist: Robert Bradford Mintage: 17,722 Issue Price: $57.95
- 1996 – Plane: Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck
Aviation Hero: Janusz Żurakowski Artist: Jim Bruce Mintage: 18,508 Issue Price: $57.95
Plane: Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow Aviation Hero: Jim Chamberlin Artist: Jim Bruce Mintage: 27,163 Issue Price: $57.95
- 1997 – Plane: Canadair F-86 Sabre
Aviation Hero: Fern Villeneuve Artist: Ross Buckland Mintage: 16,440 Issue Price: $57.95
Plane: Canadair CT-114 Tutor Aviation Hero: Edward Higgins Artist: Ross Buckland Mintage: 18,414 Issue Price: $57.95
- 1998 – Plane: Canadair CP-107 Argus
Aviation Hero: William S. Longhurst Artist: Peter Mossman Mintage: 14,711 Issue Price: $57.95
Plane: Canadair CL-215 Waterbomber Aviation Hero: Paul Gagnon Artist: Peter Mossman Mintage: 15,237 Issue Price: $57.95
- NOTE: The 1998 coins were offered in a special gift box with two cardboard models of the Argus and the Waterbomber.
- 1999 – Plane: de Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter
Aviation Hero: George A. Neal Artist: Neil Aird Mintage: 14,173 Issue Price: $57.95
Plane: de Havilland DHC-8 Dash 8 Aviation Hero: Robert H. (Bob) Fowler Artist: Neil Aird Mintage: 14,138 Issue Price: $57.95
[edit] Chinese Lunar New Year Coin Series
1998 – Theme: Year of the Tiger Artist: Harvey Chan Mintage: 68,888 Issue Price: $68.88
1999 – Theme: Year of the Rabbit Artist: Harvey Chan Mintage: 77,791 Issue Price: $72.88
2000 – Theme: Year of the Dragon Artist: Harvey Chan Mintage: 88,634 Issue Price: $72.88
2001 – Theme: Year of the Snake Artist: Harvey Chan Mintage: 60,754 Issue Price: $78.88
2002 – Theme: Year of the Horse Artist: Harvey Chan Mintage: 59,395 Issue Price: $78.88
2003 – Theme: Year of the Sheep Artist: Harvey Chan Mintage: 53,714 Issue Price: $78.88
2004 – Theme: Year of the Monkey Artist: Harvey Chan Mintage: 46,182 Issue Price: $83.88
2005 – Theme: Year of the Rooster Artist: Harvey Chan Mintage: N/A Issue Price: $83.88
2006 – Theme: Year of the Dog Artist: Harvey Chan Mintage: 48,888 Issue Price: $88.88
[edit] Commemorative Silver Dollar Series
- 1935 - Voyageur 1939 - Royal Visit 1949 - Newfoundland Entry Into Confederation
- 1958 - Cariboo Gold Rush 1964 - Confederation Meeting 1967 - Canada's Centennial
- 1971 - BC Centennial 1973 - RCMP Centennial 1974 - Winnipeg Centennial
- 1975 - Calgary Stampede Centennial 1976 - Library of Parliament Centennial
- 1977 - Silver Jubilee of Queen 1978 - Commonwealth Games
- 1979 - Griffon Tricentennial 1980 - Arctic Territories Centennial
- 1981 - Trans-Canada Railway Centennial 1982 - Regina Centennial
- 1983 - World University Games 1984 - Toronto Sesquicentennial
- 1985 - National Parks Centennial 1986 - Vancouver Centennial 1987 - John Davis
- 1988 - Saint-Maurice Ironworks 1989 - Mackenzie River Bicentennial
- 1990 - Henry Kelsey Tricentennial 1991 - Frontenac 1992 - Kingston to York Stagecoach
- 1993 - Stanley Cup Centennial 1994 - RCMP Northern Dog Team 1995 - 325th Anniv. Hudson's Bay
- 1996 - MacIntosh Apple 1997 - 25th Anniversary of Canada/Russia Series
- 1997 - 10th Anniversary of Loon Dollar 1998 - 125th Anniversary of RCMP
- 1999 - 225th Anniversary of the Voyage of Juan Perez 1999 - Year of Older Persons
- 2000 - Voyage of Discovery 2001 - 50th Anniversary, National Ballet of Canada
- 2001 - 90th Anniversary of the Striking of Canada's 1911 Silver Dollar
- 2002 - Golden Jubilee of the Queen 2002 - The Queen Mother 2003 - Discovery of Cobalt
- 2003 - 50th Anniversary of the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II (First Effigy of Queen)
- 2003 - 50th Anniversary of the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II (Fourth Effigy of Queen)
- 2004 - 400th Anniversary, First French Settlement in North America 2004 - The Poppy
- 2005 - 40th Anniversary, Canada's Flag 2006 - Victoria Cross
[edit] National Parks (in progress)
2005 - 1st Coin: Pacific Rim (B.C.) Artist: Susanna Blunt Mintage: 20,000 Issue Price: $69.95
2005 - 2nd Coin: Mingan (Québec) Artist: Pierre Leduc Mintage: 20,000 Issue Price: $69.95
2006 - 3rd Coin: Georgian Bay (Ontario) Artist: Tony Bianco Mintage: 20,000 Issue Price: $69.95
2006 - 4th Coin: Nahanni (NWT) Artist: Virginia Boulay Mintage: 15,000 Issue Price: $69.95
2006 - 5th Coin: Jasper (Alberta) Artist: Michelle Grant Mintage: 15,000 Issue Price: $69.95
[edit] Natural Wonders
Design: Niagara Falls (2003) *Issue: Hologram Issue
- Artist: Gary Corcoran Mintage: 29,967 Issue Price: $79.95
Design: Rocky Mountains (2003) *Issue: Hologram Issue
- Artist: José Osio Mintage: 28,793 Issue Price: $69.95
Design: Iceberg (2004) *Issue: Hologram Issue
- Artist: RCM Staff Mintage: 24,879 Issue Price: $69.95
Design: Northern Lights (2004) *Issue: Double Image Hologram
- Artist: Gary Corcoran Mintage: 34,135 Issue Price: $79.95
Design: Hopewell Rocks (2004) *Issue: Selectively Gold Plated
- Artist: Stan Witten Mintage: 16,918 Issue Price: $69.95
Design: Diamonds (2005) *Issue: Double Image Hologram
- Artist: José Osio Mintage: 35,000 Issue Price: $69.95
Source:[22]
[edit] Numismatic 25-cent Pieces
2000 Millennium Coloured Coin Theme: Celebration
2000 Millennium Coloured Coin Theme: Pride
2001 Canada Day Coin (Coloured), Artist: Silke Ware
2002 Canada Day Coin (Coloured), Artist: Judith Chartier
NOTE: A variant was issued in circulation without any colour. It was presented to new Canadians at their citizenship ceremony during "Celebrate Canada Day" week.[23] These coins were distributed between July and September 2002 with a final mintage of 30,627,000.
2003 Canada Day Coin (Coloured), Artist: Jade Pearen
2004 Canada Day Coin (Coloured), Artist: Cosme Saffioti
2004 Canada Day Coin (Variant, Not Coloured) NOTE: This coin was from the Canada Day Bundle, available with fanny pack, water bottle, and T-Shirt) Artist: Nick Wooster
2004 Santa Claus (from Holiday Gift Set)
2005 Canada Day Coin (Coloured featuring Beaver), Artist: Stan Witten
2005 Christmas Stocking (from Holiday Gift Set)
2005 Gold Plated Poppy (part of 2004 Annual Report)
2005 Liberation of the Netherlands (part of joint set with Netherlands)
2006 Bonhomme Carnaval (from Quebec Winter Carnival Set)
2006 Canada Day Coin (Coloured featuring two children holding a Canadian flag)
2006 Santa Claus and Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (From Holiday Gift Set)
2006 Montreal Canadiens coloured coin (Part of Montreal Gift Set)
2006 Ottawa Senators coloured coin (Part of Ottawa Gift Set)
2006 Toronto Maple Leafs coloured coin (Part of Toronto Gift Set)
2007 Calgary Flames coloured coin (Part of Calgary Gift Set)
2007 Edmonton Oilers coloured coin (Part of Edmonton Gift Set)
2007 Montreal Canadiens coloured coin (Part of Montreal Gift Set)
2007 Ottawa Senators coloured coin (Part of Ottawa Gift Set)
2007 Toronto Maple Leafs coloured coin (Part of Toronto Gift Set)
2007 Vancouver Canucks colorued coin (Part of Vancouver Gift Set)
[edit] Numismatic Fifty-Cent Collections
- Butterfly Collection
2004 - 1st Coin: Tiger Swallowtail Artist: Jianping Yan Mintage: 19,910 Issue Price: $39.95 Finish: Hologram
2004 - 2nd Coin: Clouded Sulphur Artist: Susan Taylor Mintage: 15,281 Issue Price: $39.95 Finish: Selective Gold Plating
2005 - 3rd Coin: Monarch Artist: Susan Taylor Mintage: 20,000 Issue Price: $39.95 Finish: Colourized, Orange and Black
2005 - 4th Coin: Great Spangled Fritillary Artist: Jianping Yan Mintage: 20,000 Issue Price: $39.95 Finish: Hologram
2006 - 5th Coin: Short-Tailed Swallowtail Artist: Susan Taylor Mintage: 20,000 Issue Price: $39.95 Finish: Proof (with coloured butterfly)
2006 - 6th Coin: Silvery Blue Artist: Jianping Yan Mintage: 20,000 Issue Price: $39.95 Finish: Hologram
[edit] Legends of Hockey
NOTE: All legends sets consisted of four coins with images provided courtesy of the Hockey Hall of Fame
2005 - Montreal Canadiens Jean Beliveau, Guy Lafleur, Jacques Plante, Maurice Richard
2005 - Toronto Maple Leafs Johnny Bower, Tim Horton, Dave Keon, Darryl Sittler
Source:[24]
[edit] Numismatic One and Five Dollars
[edit] One Dollar
2002 – 15th Anniversary Loonie (exclusive to 2002 Specimen Set)
2002 – Centre Ice Coin (to commemorate Canada’s Olympic Hockey Gold Medal Victory in Men’s and Women’s Hockey)
NOTE: This was part of the Going for the Gold Set, which included Olympic stamps and MacLean's magazine
2004 – Elusive Loon (part of Coin and Stamp set)
2004 – Jack Miner Goose Sanctuary (exclusive to 2004 Specimen Set)
2004 – Sterling Silver Lucky Loonie (to commemorate 2004 Athens Olympics)
2005 – Tufted Puffin (exclusive to 2005 Specimen Set)
2006 - Baby Lullabies (featuring a Teddy Bear, part of Baby Lullabies and CD Gift Set)
2006 – Sterling Silver Lucky Loonie (to commemorate 2006 Torino Olympics)
2006 – Snowy Owl (exclusive to 2006 Specimen Set)
2006 - Snowflake (part of Holiday Carols and CD Gift Set)
[edit] Five Dollars
1998 – Norman Bethune (part of joint coin set with China), Artist: Harry Chan
1999 – Viking Settlement (part of joint coin set with Norway), Artist: Donald Curley
2001 – First Wireless Transmission (part of joint coin set with British Royal Mint), Artist: Cosme Saffioti
2003 – FIFA 2006 World Cup of Soccer, Artist: Utszula Walerzak
NOTE: Coin is double-dated. Obverse has 2003 on it to signify year of release. Reverse has 2006 to commemorate year of event.
2004 – 100th Anniversary of Canadian Open Golf Tournament (was part of Canadian Open Commemorative Frame), Artist: Cosme Saffioti
2004 – Majestic Moose (had year 2004 on obverse but was released in 2003, part of Coin and Stamp Set), Artist: David Preston-Smith
2005 - 60th Anniversary, End of World War II (ORIGINAL ISSUE), Artist: Peter Mossman
2005 - 60th Anniversary, End of World War II (VARIANT), Artist: Peter Mossman
NOTE: Made for British Royal Mint as part of six-coin set from six countries commemorating end of World War II. Reverse was exactly the same as original issue but had privy mark of two maple leaves
2005 – Atlantic Walrus and Calf Artist: Pierre Leduc
2005 – White Tailed Deer and Fawn Artist: Xerxes Irani
2006 – Peregrine Falcon (from $5 Coin and Stamp Set) Artist: Dwayne Harty
2006 – Sable Island Horse (from $5 Coin and Stamp Set) Artist: Paul Illsley
2006 – Snowbirds (part of Coin and Stamp Set) Artist: Jianping Yan
[edit] Olympic Coins
- 1976 Montreal Olympics
Series One
-
- Coin No. 1 - World Map
- Coin No. 2 - Map of North America
- Coin No. 3 - Montreal Skyline
- Coin No. 4 - Kingston and Sailboats
Series Two
-
- Coin No. 5 - Head of Zeus
- Coin No. 6 - Athlete with Torch
- Coin No. 7 - Temple of Zeus
- Coin No. 8 - Olympic Rings and Wreath
Series Three
-
- Coin No. 9 - Lacrosse
- Coin No. 10 - Canoeing
- Coin No. 11 - Cycling
- Coin No. 12 - Rowing
Series Four
-
- Coin No. 13 - Men's Hurdles
- Coin No. 14 - Marathon
- Coin No. 15 - Women's Shot Put
- Coin No. 16 - Women's Javelin
Series Five
-
- Coin No. 17 - Paddling
- Coin No. 18 - Diving
- Coin No. 19 - Sailing
- Coin No. 20 - Swimming
Series Six
-
- Coin No. 21 - Field Hockey
- Coin No. 22 - Fencing
- Coin No. 23 - Soccer
- Coin No. 24 - Boxing
Series Seven
-
- Coin No. 25 - Olympic Stadium
- Coin No. 26 - Olympic Village
- Coin No. 27 - Olympic Velodrome
- Coin No. 28 - Olympic Flame
- 1988 Calgary Olympics
Series One
-
- Coin No. 1 - Downhill Skiing
- Coin No. 2 - Speed Skating
Series Two
-
- Coin No. 3 - Ice Hockey
- Coin No. 4 - Biathlon
Series Three
-
- Coin No. 5 - Cross-Country Skiing
- Coin No. 6 - Free-Style Skiing
Series Four
-
- Coin No. 7 - Figure Skating
- Coin No. 8 - Curling
Series Five
-
- Coin No. 9 - Ski-Jumping
- Coin No. 10 - Bobsleigh
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Royal Canadian Mint's Official Website
- Royal Canadian Mint Act
- Canadian Numismatic Association
- Numismatic Network Canada
- Canadian Coin News
| Canadian banknotes and coins |
| Topics: Bank of Canada | Canadian dollar | Commemorative coins | Royal Canadian Mint |
| Canadian banknotes: $5 | $10 | $20 | $50 | $100 | Withdrawn banknotes |
| Canadian coinage: 1¢ | 5¢ | 10¢ | 25¢ | 50¢ | $1 (Loonie) | $2 (Toonie) |
[edit] References
- ^ Royal Canadian Mint 2006 Annual Report, page 14
- ^ Royal Canadian Mint 2006 Annual Report, page 13
- ^ Royal Canadian Mint 2006 Annual Report, page 25
- ^ Royal Canadian Mint 2006 Annual Report, page 27
- ^ Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins 2006, p.89
- ^ Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins 2006, p.89
- ^ Striking Impressions, James A. Haxby, 1983, ISBN 0-660-91234-1
- ^ Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, 60th Edition
- ^ Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, 60th Edition, 2006
- ^ www.mint.ca, Path: The Passion, The Museum, Special Edition Coins, Millennium
- ^ Striking Impressions, James A. Haxby, 1983, ISBN 0-660-91234-1
- ^ Striking Impressions, James A. Haxby, 1983, ISBN 0-660-91234-1
- ^ Striking Impressions, James A. Haxby, 1983, ISBN 0-660-91234-1
- ^ http://collections.ic.gc.ca/EtienneGaboury/xsbl/proj6.html
- ^ http://collections.ic.gc.ca/EtienneGaboury/xsbl/proj6.html
- ^ http://collections.ic.gc.ca/EtienneGaboury/xsbl/proj6.html
- ^ http://www.canadacool.com/COOLFACTS/MANITOBA/WinnipegMint.html
- ^ www.mint.ca, Path on site: The Passion, The Museum, Award Winning Coins
- ^ Canadian Coin News, http://www.canadiancoinnews.ca/previous/jun13_06.html
- ^ Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, 60th Edition
- ^ Coin World, Vol. 47, Issue 2417, Page 74, August 7, 2006
- ^ Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, 60th Edition
- ^ Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, 60th Edition, 2006
- ^ Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, 60th Edition
