Quasi-steady state cosmology

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Quasi-steady state cosmology (QSS) is a nonstandard cosmology proposed in 1993 by Fred Hoyle, Geoffrey Burbidge, and Jayant V. Narlikar as an alternative to the big bang. The idea suggests there may have been expansions and pockets of creation other than the big bang occurring over time within the universe, sometimes referred to as minibangs, mini-creation events, or little bangs. After the observation of an accelerating universe, further modifications of the model were done. Mainstream cosmologists who have reviewed QSS have pointed out flaws and some discrepancies with observations left unexplained by proponents. [1]

Contents 1 Description 2 Goals and targets 3 See also 4 External articles and references

[edit] Description

The issues of observational and astronomical concerns over the universe's origins, history, structure, and dynamics from the Quasi-steady state were discussed in two papers, Astrophysical deductions from the quasi-steady state (1994) ^[2] and Astronomy Further astrophysical quantities expected in a quasi-steady state ^[3]. The basic theoretical framework was expounded upon in Quasi-Steady State Cosmology: Analytical Solutions of Field Equations and Their Relations to Observations ^[4]. R Sachs, J V Narlikar and F Hoyle researched and arrived at the exact solutions of the basic equations that gave simple homogeneous and isotropic models (such as in The Quasi-Steady State Cosmology: Analytical Solutions of Field Equations and Their Relations to Observations ^[5]). The production of light nuclei have been researched by F Hoyle, G Burbidge and J V Narlikar ^[6] and by Burbidge and Hoyle ^[7]. The process of structure formation was achievable through a "toy model" (by Ali Nayeri, Sunu Engineer, J. V. Narlikar, and F. Hoyle) and may offer a viable choice to the "standard" hot big bang cosmology. ^[8] With recent evidence indicating that the universe is accelerating, the quasi-steady state had previously predicted the universe would be accelerating. ^[9]

A group of researchers commented on the details of an alternative mechanism of the generation and maintenance of anisotropic Planckian radiation background. ^[10] The theory has been developed to incorporate the CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) and other astronomical observations. The quasi-steady state concept claims that the radiation as diffuse starlight has been absorbed and emitted continually by objects in space, but critics have pointed out that such radiation would not be as isotropic as what has been interpreted via CMB observations.

The quasi-steady state theory has stated that there are nonsingular pockets of creation within the universe or various "mini-creation events". There is also not a state of infinite curvature nor are there terminating worldlines.

Quasi-steady state proponents have proposed "cosmic iron whiskers," condensing out of iron ejected from supernovae, to explain the isotropic microwave background radiation. ^[11] Such cosmic iron whiskers have not been observed.

[edit] Goals and targets

Quasi-steady state cosmology has as its goals to:

1. explain the redshift magnitude relation for galaxies,
2. explain the observations of counts of radio sources and galaxies,
3. explain the data on angular size redshift relation,
4. explain the evidence on the variation of surface brightness of galaxies with redshift,
5. explain the origin of the microwave background (including the observed spectrum, isotropy, and small scale inhomogeneities), and
6. account for light nuclear abundances (which is not accounted for in a standard framework of stellar evolution).

Other aspects of the Universe, especially where the big bang has proved inadequate, may be explained at a later time (such as to remove the singular beginning, obviate the problem of accommodating old stellar populations, derive a model for dark matter, and develop more fully the true origin of large-scale structure of the cosmos).^[12]

[edit] See also

• Steady state theory
• Static universe
• Milne Model

[edit] External articles and references

Criticism

• Errors in the Steady State and Quasi-SS Models by Edward L. Wright, 13 September 2004

Citations

• ↑  F. Hoyle, G. Burbidge, J.V. Narlikar, "Astrophysical deductions from the quasi-steady state cosmology". Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 267, 1007-1019, 1994 (citation search.)
  • F. Hoyle, G. Burbidge, J.V. Narlikar, "Astrophysical deductions from the quasi-steady state : Erratum". Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 269, 1152, 08/1994.
• ↑  Hoyle, F., G. Burbidge, and J. V. Narlikar, "Further astrophysical quantities expected in a quasi-steady state Universe". Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361), vol. 289, no. 3, p. 729-739.
• ↑  Hoyle F, Burbidge G and Narlikar J, "The basic theory underlying the quasi-steady state cosmological model". Proc. R. Soc. A 448 191
• ↑  R Sachs, J V Narlikar and F Hoyle, "The Quasi-Steady State Cosmology: Analytical Solutions of Field Equations and Their Relations to Observations". Astron. Astrophys., v 313, 703-712.
• ↑  F Hoyle, G Burbidge and J V Narlikar, "Light Nuclei in the Quasi-Steady State Cosmological Model", Proc. of ESO-EIPC Workshop, The Light Element Abundances, eds. P. Crane, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p.21
• ↑  F. Hoyle and G. Burbidge, "The Origin of Helium and the Other Light Elements". Ap.J.L., v 509, L1-L3, and Proc. Conf. Nuclei in the Cosmos V., University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.
• ↑  J V Narlikar, N C Wickramasinghe, R Sachs and F Hoyle, "Cosmic Iron Whiskers: Their origin, length distribution and astrophysical consequences", International Journal of Modern Physics D, Vol.6,No.2 (1997) 125-142.
• ↑  Ali Nayeri, Sunu Engineer, J. V. Narlikar, and F. Hoyle, "Structure Formation in the QuasiSteady State Cosmology: A Toy Model". The Astrophysical Journal, volume 525, part 1 (1999), pages 10–16 (DOI 10.1086/307889)
• ↑  J. V. Narlikar, "The quasi-steady state cosmology: Theory and observations". Pramana — journal of physics, Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 1093–1104. December 1999.
• ↑  Geoffrey Burbidge, "The state of cosmology". University of California, San Diego. (ed. The paper does not focus on the QSS, but does mention it in passing (such as on page 5).)

General

• Sherry Seethaler, "Questions answered; I've heard of the big bang. What are current theories on the beginning of the universe?". August 31, 2005.

Papers and articles

• John A. Tomsick, "Quasi-Steady State Cosmology". astro-ph/0108051, Astrophysics, abstract. 2 Aug 2001.
• G. Burbidge, J.V. Narlikar, R.G. Vishwakarma, and F. Hoyle, "Small Scale Fluctuations of the Microwave Background in the Quasi-Steady State Cosmology".
• J.V. Narlikar, R.G. Vishwakarma, Amir Hajian, Tarun Souradeep, G. Burbidge, F. Hoyle, "Inhomogeneities in the Microwave Background Radiation interpreted within the framework of the Quasi-Steady State Cosmology". astro-ph/0211036, Astrophysics, abstract. 4 Nov 2002 (citation search.)
• Edward L. Wright "Comments on the Quasi-Steady-State Cosmology". astro-ph/9410070, Astrophysics, abstract. 20 Oct 1994. (ed. Author is a proponent of the Big Bang)
  • F. Hoyle, G. Burbidge, J.V. Narlikar, "Note on a Comment by Edward L. Wright". astro-ph/9412045, Astrophysics, abstract. 14 Dec 1994.
• G. Burbidge, "Explosive Cosmogony and the Quasi-Steady State Cosmology". astro-ph/9711033, Astrophysics, abstract. 4 Nov 1997. (ed. Invited paper presented at IAU Symposium No. 183, Cosmological Parameters and Evolution of the Universe, read August 21, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan (Kluwers Academic Publishers).)
• Martin L'opez-Corredoira "Observational Cosmology: caveats and open questions in the standard model". astro-ph/0310214, Astrophysics, abstract. 10 Oct 2003.
• J.V. Narlikar, R.G. Vishwakarma, G. Burbidge, "Interpretations of the Accelerating Universe". astro-ph/0205064, Astrophysics, abstract. 11 Jul 2002.
• Sachs, R., Narlikar, J. V., and Hoyle, F. "The quasi-steady state cosmology: Analytical solution of field equations and their relationship to observations". Astronomy and Astrophysics, 313: 703-712, 1996.
• Hoyle, F., Burbidge, G., and Narlikar, J. V. "A quasi-steady state cosmological model with creation of matter". The Astrophysical Journal, 410: 437-457, 1993.
• Narlikar, J. V., and Shyamal K. Banderjee, "The QuasiSteady State Cosmology: A Problem of Stability". The Astrophysical Journal, 487:6972, 1997 September 20.
• F. Hoyle and J. V. Narlikar "Cosmology and action-at-a-distance electrodynamics". Rev. Mod. Phys. 67, 113-155 (1995)
• F. Hoyle, G. Burbidge, J. V. Narlikar, "A Different Approach to Cosmology". Cambridge University Press; Astrophysical Deductions from 13 the Quasi Steadystate Cosmology, 1994a, MNRAS, 267, 1007.