Prix de Rome
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- This article concerns the French government prize. For similarly named prizes aimed at other countries nationals, see Prix de Rome (disambiguation).
The Prix de Rome was a scholarship for art students. It was created in 1663 in France under the reign of Louis XIV. It was an annual burse for promising artists (painters, sculptors, and architects) who proved their talents by completing a very difficult elimination contest. The prize, organised by the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, was open to their students. The award winner would win a stay at the Mancini Palace in Rome at the expense of the King of France. The stay could be extended if the director of the institution deemed it useful.
The contest was organised into four categories - painting, sculpting, architecture and engraving. In 1803, music was added. The winner of the "First Grand Prize" would be sent to The Academy of France in Rome founded by Jean-Baptiste Colbert in 1666. There were also "Second Prizes" that allowed participants go to the same academy, albeit for a shorter period of time.
Eugène Delacroix, Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas and Maurice Ravel attempted the Prix de Rome, but did not gain recognition. Jacques-Louis David, having failed three years in a row, considered suicide. Ravel tried a total of five times to win the prize, and the last failed attempt in 1905 was so controversial that it led to a complete reorganization of the administration at the Paris Conservatory.
The Prix de Rome was suppressed in 1968 by André Malraux. Since then, there have been a number of contests on file, and the Academies, together with The Institute of France, were merged by the State and the Minister of Culture. Selected lodgers now have an opportunity for improvement during an 18-month (2 years sometimes) stay at The Academy of France in Rome (presently accommodated by the Villa Médicis.
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[edit] List Of Winners From The Architecture Category
- 1786 - Charles Percier
- 1823 - Félix Duban
- 1824 - Henri Labrouste
- 1833 - Victor Baltard
- 1840 - Théodore Ballu
- 1848 - Charles Garnier
- 1864 - Julien Guadet
- 1870 - Albert-Félix-Théophile Thomas
- 1878 - Victor Laloux
- 1880 - Louis Girault
- 1881 - Henri Deglane
- 1886 - Albert Louvet - "First Grand Prize" and "Second Prize"
- 1892 - Guillaume Tronchet
- 1899 - Tony Garnier
- 1923 - Jean-Baptiste Mathon
- 1955 - Ngo Viet Thu
[edit] List Of Winners From The Painting Category
- 1682 - Hyacinthe Rigaud
- 1720 - François Boucher
- 1734 - Jean-Baptiste Pierre
- 1738 - Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo
- 1752 - Jean-Honoré Fragonard
- 1768 - François-André Vincent
- 1771 - Joseph-Benoît Suvée
- 1772 - Pierre-Charles Jombert, Anicet Charles Gabriel Lemonnier - "Second Grand Prize"
- 1773 - Pierre Peyron
- 1774 - Jacques-Louis David
- 1775 - Jean-Baptiste Regnault
- 1784 - Jean-Germain Drouais
- 1787 - François-Xavier Fabre
- 1789 - Girodet-Trioson
- 1790 - Jacques Réattu
- 1801 - Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
- 1807 - François Joseph Heim
- 1832 - Antoine Wiertz
- 1837 - Thomas Couture
- 1844 - Félix-Joseph Barrias
- 1849 - Gustave Boulanger
- 1850 - William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Paul Baudry
- 1858 - Jean-Jacques Henner
- 1861 - Léon Perrault
- 1865 - André Hennebicq
- 1880 - Henri Lucien Doucet
- 1884 - Edouard Cabane - "Second Prize"
- 1891 - Hubert-Denis Etcheverry - "Second Prize"
- 1906 - Albert Henry Krehbiel
- 1910 - Jean Dupas
- 1924 - René-Marie Castaing
- 1925 - Odette Pauvert - First "First Grand Prize" obtained by a woman
- 1930 - Salvatore DeMaio
- 1948 - John Heliker
- 1950 - Paul Collomb - "First Grand Prize" and "Second Prize"
- 1960 - Pierre Carron
[edit] List Of Winners From The Sculpture Category
- 1748 - Augustin Pajou
- 1812 - François Rude
- 1813 - James Pradier
- 1832 - François Jouffroy
- 1855 - Henri-Michel-Antoine Chapu
- 1864 - Louis-Ernest Barrias
- 1901 - Henri Bouchard
- 1919 - César Schroevens - "Third Prize"
[edit] List Of Winners From The Engraving Category
- The engravery prize was created in 1804 and suppressed in 1968 by André Malraux, the minister of the Culture.
- 1906 - Henry Cheffer
- 1910 - Jules Piel
- 1911 - Albert Decaris
- 1921 - Pierre Gandon
- 1952 - Claude Durrens
[edit] List Of Winners From The Musical Composition Category
- 1803 - Albert Androt
- 1804 - no Grand Prize awarded
- 1805 - Ferdinand Gasse ("first" First Grand Prize) and Victor Dourlen ("second" First Grand Prize)
- 1806 - Victor Bouteiller
- 1807 - no Grand Prize awarded
- 1808 - Pierre-Auguste-Louis Blondeau
- 1809 - Louis Joseph Daussoigne-Méhul
- 1810 - Désiré Beaulieu
- 1811 - Hippolyte André Jean Baptiste Chélard
- 1812 - Louis Joseph Ferdinand Herold ("first" First Grand Prize) and Félix Cazot ("second" First Grand Prize)
- 1813 - Auguste Panseron
- 1814 - P.-G. Roll
- 1815 - François Benoist
- 1816 - no Grand Prize awarded
- 1817 - Désiré-Alexandre Batton
- 1818 - no Grand Prize awarded
- 1819 - Fromental Halévy ("first" First Grand Prize) and P.-J.-P.-C. Massin-Turina ("second" First Grand Prize)
- 1820 - Aimé Ambroise Simon Leborne
- 1821 - L.-V.-E. Rifaut
- 1822 - J.-A. Lebourgeois
- 1823 - E. Boilly and L.-C. Ermel
- 1824 - A.-M.-B. Barbereau
- 1825 - A. Guillion
- 1826 - C.-J. Paris
- 1827 - J.-B.-L. Guiraud
- 1828 - G. Ross-Despréaux
- 1829 - no Grand Prize awarded
- 1830 - Hector Berlioz ("first" First Grand Prize) and Alexandre Montfort ("second" First Grand Prize)
- 1831 - Eugène-Prosper Prévost
- 1832 - Ambroise Thomas
- 1833 - A. Thys
- 1834 - A. Elwart
- 1835 - Ernest Boulanger
- 1836 - X. Boisselot
- 1837 - L.-D. Besozzi
- 1838 - A.-G.-J. Bousquet
- 1839 - Charles Gounod
- 1840 - F.E.V. Bazin
- 1841 - L. Maillard
- 1842 - A.-A. Roger
- 1843 - no Grand Prize awarded
- 1844 - V. Massé
- 1845 - no Grand Prize awarded
- 1846 - L.-G.-C. Gastinel
- 1847 - P.-L. Deffès
- 1848 - J.-L.-A. Duprato
- 1849 - no Grand Prize awarded
- 1850 - J.-A. Charlot
- 1851 - J.-C.-A. Delehelle
- 1852 - L. Cohen
- 1853 - P.-C.-C. Galibert
- 1854 - G.-N. Barthe
- 1855 - J. Conte
- 1856 - no Grand Prize awarded
- 1857 - Georges Bizet
- 1858 - S. David
- 1859 - Ernest Guiraud
- 1860 - Emile Paladilhe
- 1861 - Théodore Dubois
- 1862 - L. Bourgault-Ducoudray
- 1863 - Jules Massenet
- 1864 - Victor Sieg
- 1865 - Charles Ferdinand Lenepveu
- 1866 - Émile Louis Fortuné Pessard - "1st Harmony Prize"
- 1867 - no prize awarded
- 1868 - V.-A. Pelletier-Rabuteau and E. Wintzweiller
- 1869 - Antoine Taudou
- 1870 - Charles Edouard Lefebvre and Henri Maréchal
- 1871 - Gaston Serpette
- 1872 - Gaston Salvayre
- 1873 - Paul Puget
- 1874 - Léon Erhart
- 1875 - André Wormser
- 1876 - Paul Joseph Guillaume Hillemacher
- 1877 - no Grand Prize awarded
- 1878 - Clément Broutin
- 1879 - Georges Hüe
- 1880 - Lucien Joseph Edouard Hillemacher
- 1881 - no Grand Prize awarded
- 1882 - Georges Marty
- 1883 - Paul Vidal
- 1884 - Claude Debussy
- 1885 - Xavier Leroux
- 1886 - André Gedalge - "Second Prize"
- 1887 - Gustave Charpentier
- 1894 - Henri Rabaud
- 1908 - Nadia Boulanger - "Second Prize"
- 1913 - Lili Boulanger
- 1914 - Marcel Dupré
- 1919 - Jacques Ibert - "First Grand Prize"
- 1923 - Jeanne Leleu - "First Grand Prize"
- 1923 - Robert Bréard - "Second Prize"
- 1934 - Eugène Bozza
- 1935 - Samuel Barber
- 1938 - Henri Dutilleux
- 1953 - Jacques Castérède
- 1955 - Pierre Max Dubois
