PDCA
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
PDCA (aka the Deming Cycle, Shewhart cycle, or Deming Wheel) is an iterative four-step quality control strategy.
- PLAN
- establish the objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with the specifications.
- DO
- implement the processes.
- CHECK
- monitor and evaluate the processes and results against objectives and Specifications and report the outcome.
- ACT
- apply actions to the outcome for necessary improvement. This means reviewing all steps (Plan, Do, Check, Act) and modifying the process to improve it before its next implementation.
PDCA was made popular by Dr. W. Edwards Deming, who is considered by many to be the father of modern quality control; however it was always referred to by him as the "Shewhart cycle." Later in Deming's career, he modified PDCA to "Plan, Do, Study, Act" (PDSA) so as to better describe his recommendations. In Six Sigma programs, this cycle is called "Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control" (DMAIC).
PDCA should be repeatedly implemented, as quickly as possible, in upward spirals that converge on the ultimate goal, each cycle closer than the previous. This approach is based on the understanding that our knowledge and skills are always limited, but improving as we go. Often, key information is unknown, or unknowable. Rather than enter "analysis paralysis" to get it perfect the first time, it is better to be approximately right than exactly wrong. Over time and with better knowledge and skills, PDCA will help define the ideal goal, as well as help get us there.
Velocity of change is a key competitive factor in today's world. PDCA allows for quantum breakthroughs (typical Western approach), as well as Kaizen (typical Eastern Lean approach with continuous improvement); thereby providing the best of both worlds. In this way, PDCA helps ensure the fastest rate of improvement; often a critical success factor.
The power of Deming's concept is in its simplicity. While easy to understand, it is often difficult to accomplish on a on-going basis due to complacency, distractions, loss of focus, lack of commitment, re-assigned priorities, lack of resources, etc. While most claim full knowledge and on-going application, few have in-depth understanding, and even fewer practice PDCA on a consistent basis.
