Orson Scott Card

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See also: List of works by Orson Scott Card

Orson Scott Card

Born:	August 24, 1951 Richland, Washington
Occupation(s):	Novelist
Genre(s):	Science Fiction, Fantasy
Website:	http://www.hatrack.com/

Orson Scott Card (born August 24, 1951)^[1] is a prolific and best-selling author, working in numerous genres. He is best known for his novel Ender's Game and its many sequels. Ender's Game and its sequel Speaker for the Dead were both awarded the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award, making Card the only author (as of 2006) to win both of Science Fiction's top prizes in consecutive years.

His writing is dominated by detailed characterization and moral issues. As Card says, "We care about moral issues, nobility, decency, happiness, goodness—the issues that matter in the real world, but which can only be addressed, in their purity, in fiction."^[2]

A member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (commonly called the LDS or Mormon Church), some of his novels have stories explicitly drawn from scripture or church history. His religious and political beliefs have drawn the ire of some science fiction fans, making him a provocative figure within the genre.^[3]

Contents 1 Early life 2 Family 3 Career 4 Personal views 4.1 Political writing 5 Critic 5.1 Political identification 5.2 Morality 5.3 Environment and science 5.4 Homosexuality 6 Awards 7 Trivia 8 See also 9 References 10 External links 10.1 About Card 10.2 By Card 10.3 Fan sites 10.4 Other

[edit] Early life

Card is descended from Charles Ora Card, a son-in-law of Brigham Young and founder of Cardston, Alberta, the first Mormon Pioneer settlement in Canada. Card was born in Richland, Washington; raised in Santa Clara, California, as well as Mesa, Arizona and Orem, Utah; served an LDS mission in Brazil; graduated from Brigham Young University and the University of Utah; spent a year in a Ph.D. program at the University of Notre Dame, and now lives in Greensboro, North Carolina.^[4]

[edit] Family

He and his wife Kristine are the parents of five children: Geoffrey (a game designer at Amaze Entertainment as well as a published author in his own right), Emily (an actress, audiobook reader and producer, and writer, who adapted his short story "A Sepulchre of Songs" for the stage in Posing as People), Charlie Ben (deceased; his cerebral palsy shows up in some of Card's fiction, most notably the Homecoming series, Lost Boys and Folk of the Fringe), Zina Margaret, and Erin Louisa (deceased). The children are named for the authors Chaucer, Brontë and Dickinson, Dickens, Mitchell, and Alcott.^[4]

[edit] Career

Card began his writing career primarily as a poet, studying with Clinton F. Larson at Brigham Young University. During his studies as a theatre major, he began "doctoring" scripts, adapting fiction for readers theatre production, and finally writing his own one-act and full-length plays, several of which were produced by faculty directors at BYU. He also dabbled in fiction writing, beginning with stories that eventually evolved into The Worthing Saga.

After returning to Provo, Utah, from his LDS mission in Brazil, Card started the Utah Valley Repertory Theatre Company, which for two summers produced plays at "the Castle," a Depression-era outdoor amphitheater behind the then-active state mental hospital in Provo; his company's were the first plays ever produced there. Meanwhile, he took parttime employment as a proofreader at BYU Press, then made the jump to fulltime employment as a copy editor. In 1976, in the midst of a paid acting gig in the LDS Church's musical celebrating America's Bicentennial, he secured employment as an assistant editor at the Church's official magazine, Ensign, and moved to Salt Lake City.

It was while he worked at BYU Press that he first wrote the short story "Ender's Game" and submitted it to several publications. It was eventually purchased by Ben Bova at Analog and published in the August 1977 issue. Meanwhile, he started writing half-hour audioplays on LDS Church history, the New Testament, and other subjects for Living Scriptures in Ogden, Utah; on the basis of that continuing contract, some freelance editing work, and a novel contract for Hot Sleep and A Planet Called Treason, he left Ensign and began supporting his family as a freelancer.

He completed his master's degree in English at the University of Utah in 1981 and began a doctoral program at the University of Notre Dame, but the recession of the early 1980s caused the flow of new book contracts to temporarily dry up. He returned to full-time employment as the book editor for Compute! Magazine in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1983, and has resided there ever since. In October of that year, a new contract for the Alvin Maker "trilogy" (now up to 6 books) allowed him to return to freelancing.

Card's first published fiction (under the pseudonym of Byron Walley) was "Gert Fram",^[5] a short story published in the July 1977 issue of Ensign, and the novelette "Ender's Game"^[6] (later expanded into the Ender's Game novel), published in the August issue of Analog Science Fiction that same year.^[4] Card's launch in the publishing industry was with science fiction books (Hot Sleep and Capitol) and later the fantasy book Hart's Hope. However, he remains best known for the seminal novel Ender's Game, which has remained popular since its publication in 1985.

Ender's Game and its sequel Speaker for the Dead were both awarded the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award, making Card the only author (as of 2006) to win both of Science Fiction's top prizes in consecutive years. Card continued the series with Xenocide, Children of the Mind, Ender's Shadow, Shadow of the Hegemon, Shadow Puppets, and the 2005 release of Shadow of the Giant. Card has also announced a 'Christmas in Battle School' book,^[7] Shadows in Flight, a book that connects the "Shadow" series and "Speaker" series together, and Ender in Exile: Ganges, a book that takes place after Shadow of the Giant and before the short story "Investment Counselor". Furthermore, Card recently announced that Ender's Game will soon be made into a movie (see Ender's Game (film)).

He has since branched out into contemporary fiction, such as Lost Boys, Treasure Box and Enchantment. Other works include the novelization of the James Cameron film The Abyss, the alternate histories The Tales of Alvin Maker and Pastwatch: The Redemption of Christopher Columbus, the comic book Ultimate Iron Man for Marvel Comics' Ultimate Marvel Universe series, and Robota, a collaboration with Star Wars artist Doug Chiang. He has a new fiction novel coming out in November titled Empire about a near future civil war in the United States.

In 2005, Card accepted a permanent appointment as "distinguished professor" at Southern Virginia University in Buena Vista, Virginia, a small liberal arts college with a Latter-day Saint influence. (It is run by a group of LDS people, but unlike the BYU schools, is not owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.) Card has justified this action by citing his frustration with dismal teaching methodology for creative writing in most universities, and his desire to teach the techniques of effective fiction writing to writers whose values are more harmonious with his own. Card has worked closely with colleagues to develop new and effective ways to educate aspiring writers and has published two books on the subject. He was eager for the opportunity to apply these techniques in a university environment—his assorted workshops did not allow the follow-through he desired. Card splits his time evenly between writing and teaching.

Card has stated that one of the most important elements of writing is gauging reader interest. Writers can achieve this by training someone to serve as their "wise reader," who makes a note of every time attention flags, belief falters, or confusing text causes the reader to reread a passage. This allows the writer to identify weaknesses and find his or her own solutions to the problems. But he cautions that this "training" ruins the ability of this person to just go with the flow and enjoy good books, without constantly making mental notes of places where problems arise.

Likewise, he points out the importance of developing ideas before they can become good stories, and fleshing out details of the world that may not be put into print at all. He refers often to the works of other authors - for example, in his 1990 book "How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy," he refers to Octavia Butler as an excellent writer of exposition, and quotes the opening paragraphs of "Wild Seed," a novel from her Patternist series, as an example of effective expository text.

In the fall of 2005, Card also launched Orson Scott Card's Intergalactic Medicine Show^[8]. He edited the first two issues, but found that the demands of teaching, writing, and directing plays for his local church theatre group made it impossible to respond to writers' submissions in a timely manner; former Card student and experienced freelance writer and editor Edmund Schubert became the new editor as of 1 June 2006.

[edit] Personal views

[edit] Political writing

Card is also active as a critic, political writer and speaker. Shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks Card began to write a weekly "War Watch" (renamed to "World Watch" and then to "Civilization Watch", then back to "World Watch" and finally "Civilization Watch" again) column for the Greensboro Rhino Times, as well as an "Uncle Orson Reviews Everything" column, both of which are archived on Card's websites. Although he considers himself a Democrat, Card is a vocal supporter of many aspects of George W. Bush's leadership style, the war on terror, aspects of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, aspects of the USA PATRIOT Act, and U.S. support of Israel in general. Though he praises Fox News for aspects of their news coverage he maintains his cynicism, as when he saw they were broadcasting soldier's messages back to loved ones at home and said, "I thought of what it meant to them...And being human, I was touched. At the same time, being a cynical critic of pretty much everything, the thought flashed through my mind: So Fox News is profiting from the love and loneliness and fear of our military people."^[9]

[edit] Critic

[edit] Political identification

Card identifies himself as a Democrat, which he asserts is because he is pro-gun control/anti-NRA, is highly critical of free-market capitalism, and believes the Republican party in the South continues to tolerate racism. Card encapsulated his views thus:^[10]

Maybe the Democrats will even accept the idea that sometimes the people don't want to create your utopian vision (especially when your track record is disastrous and your "utopias" keep looking like hell)... The Democratic Party ought to be standing as the bulwark of the little guy against big money and rapacious free-market capitalism, here and abroad. After all, the Republicans seem to be dominated by their own group of insane utopians -- when they're not making huggy-huggy with all those leftover racists from the segregationist past.

He has described himself as a Moynihan Democrat, and later as a "Tony Blair" Democrat, saying he has to look outside the U.S. for someone representative for his views now that Moynihan has died and the Democrats oppose Bush. He has written columns condemning extremist liberals as being part of what's wrong with America, and praises Zell Miller for trying to save the Democratic Party. During the 2004 election Card wrote many articles supporting the Bush/Cheney ticket, criticizing John Kerry, and lambasting his own state's senator, John Edwards, as being absurd, insincere, and an opportunistic shill. Prior to the 2004 presidential race, Card had written that his state needed to regain control from people like Edwards and advocated running a strong primary opponent against Edwards should he run for reelection to the Senate.^[11] He has also been a staunch defender of Fox News, stating that "It's a good feeling to hear about our war from people who actually think it would be a good thing if we win."^[9] Card also publicly endorses children of illegal immigrants receiving in-state college tuition rates,^[12] has stated there is a need for moderation in tax cuts,^[13] and opposes unfettered deregulation.^{[citation needed]}

On November 6, 2006, just one day before a major election in the United States, Card wrote an opinion piece for RealClearPolitics, in which he encourages voters to support the Republicans:

There is only one issue in this election that will matter five or ten years from now, and that's the War on Terror....I say this as a Democrat, for whom the Republican domination of government threatens many values that I hold to be important to America's role as a light among nations. But there are no values that matter to me that will not be gravely endangered if we lose this war.

[edit] Morality

Consistent with his beliefs as a Latter-day Saint, he is opposed to pre-marital sex (castigating Smallville for interjecting sensuality into a teen-oriented show)^[14] and same-sex marriage (believing homosexual acts to be a sin, and homosexual marriage to be a perilous experiment on the core social institution).^[15]

[edit] Environment and science

Although he supports government-funded research into alternative energy sources and the phasing out of fossil fuel use, Card has also frequently criticized precipitous action on global warming, and has voiced the suggestion that scientific evidence against global warming is suppressed because global warming has become an academic orthodoxy that discourages opposing evidence.^{[citation needed]} His short story "Angles" also features scientists fearing to pursue research because it would run counter to scientific dogma. Similarly, he has voiced distrust of Darwinism as dogma in opposition to Intelligent Design (which he also distrusts, for entirely different reasons). While criticizing scientists for claiming that Darwinism explains "completely how evolution works," Card also said that "real science does not—and never can—prove or even support" Intelligent Design.^[16]

[edit] Homosexuality

Card's views on homosexuality, as conveyed in some of his non-fiction writing from more recently in his career, have generated a certain amount of controversy in the community of science fiction fandom.^[17] As a Latter-day Saint, Card believes that homosexuality is a violation of the Law of Chastity and that active homosexuals, as well as all others who violate this law, must repent. Card opposes same-sex marriage, and believes that same-gender attraction is not of itself evil but that it is wrong to act on that attraction.

Card has written three different depictions of homosexual men finding happiness by entering an opposite-sex marriage — one in his Shadow series, and one in his Homecoming series. Another, earlier book, called Songmaster, included a marriage between a bisexual man and a straight woman.

Card has made many comments about homosexuality:

	The argument by the hypocrites of homosexuality that homosexual tendencies are genetically ingrained in some individuals is almost laughably irrelevant. We are all genetically predisposed toward some sin or another; we are all expected to control those genetic predispositions when it is possible,” wrote Card in an essay defending the right of the LDS Church to declare what is and is not a sin for its members. The "hypocrites" refer to people who purport to be LDS but deny the authority of the church's prophet on this subject. “The hypocrites of homosexuality are, of course, already preparing to answer these statements by accusing me of homophobia, gay-bashing, bigotry, intolerance; but nothing that I have said here — and nothing that has been said by any of the prophets or any of the Church leaders who have dealt with this issue — can be construed as advocating, encouraging, or even allowing harsh personal treatment of individuals who are unable to resist the temptation to have sexual relations with persons of the same sex.
—Sunstone 14:1 February 1990: 44

Card remarks in that same column that for most gay people whom he knew as a theatre student, "their highest allegiance was to their membership in the community that gave them access to sex." He also writes, in the same essay, that he believed that where they then existed, "Laws against homosexual behavior should remain on the books." However, later in the article he refers only to sexual predators, a topic he has become increasingly concerned about: "Laws against homosexual behavior should remain on the books, not to be indiscriminately enforced against anyone who happens to be caught violating them, but to be used when necessary to send a clear message to those who flagrantly violate society's regulation of sexual behavior cannot be permitted to remain as acceptable, equal citizens within that society".^[17]

[edit] Awards

• 1978; John W. Campbell Award for best new writer; from the World Science Fiction Convention
• 1980s; Hugo and Nebula awards, for Ender's Game & Speaker for the Dead
• 1981; Songmaster; Hamilton-Brackett Memorial Award 81
• 1984; Saints; named Book of the Year by Association for Mormon Letters
• 1985; Ender's Game; Nebula Award 85, Hugo Award 86, Hamilton-Brackett Award 86, SF Chronicle Readers Poll Award 86
• 1987; Speaker for the Dead; Nebula Award 86, Hugo Award 87, Locus Award 87, SF Chronicle Readers Poll Award 87
• 1987; "Eye for Eye"; Hugo award 88; "Japanese Hugo" 89
• 1987; "Hatrack River"; Nebula finalist 86, Hugo finalist 87, World Fantasy Award winner 87
• 1988; Seventh Son, Hugo finalist 88, World Fantasy finalist 88, Mythopoeic Society Award 88, Locus Award (best fantasy novel) 88
• 1989; Hugo & Nebula Finalist; Red Prophet
• 1991; Hugo Award; How to Write Science Fiction & Fantasy (Writer's Digest Books, 90)
• 1995; Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel; for Alvin Journeyman

[edit] Trivia

• Card has made reference to having lost 95 pounds without dieting^[18], and nevertheless recently refers to his "over-abundant belly"^[19].
• Card has said that he thinks Serenity is "the best Science Fiction Film ever".^[20]

[edit] See also

• List of works by Orson Scott Card
• Science fiction
• Science fiction authors
• Science fiction novels
• Science fiction short stories
• Signature Books
• LDS fiction

[edit] References

[edit] External links

[edit] About Card

• The official Orson Scott Card website -includes popular discussion forums frequented by thousands of fans.
• Biography at the Orson Scott Card website
• Detailed bibliography at the Orson Scott Card website
• "Orson Scott Card: Criminalize Homosexual Behavior" - A criticism of Card's viewpoint on homosexuality
• "Why I Am Teaching at SVU... and Why SVU is Important" by Orson Scott Card

[edit] By Card

• Intergalactic Medicine Show - Online science fiction magazine published by Orson Scott Card. Features a new Ender's world story in every issue.
• Strong Verse - Online poetry magazine published by Orson Scott Card
• The Ornery American - Orson Scott Card's political site; includes his column
• Riots of the Faithful - Contains Card's criticism of Muslim reaction to Newsweek's report of Qur'an desecration
• "The Hypocrites of Homosexuality" - Card's controversial essay about homosexuality
• "Under the Influence" an essay by Card on Star Wars III: Revenge of the Sith and its Jedi religious concepts
• Orson Scott Card's work at Marvel.com

[edit] Fan sites

• "Philotic Web" A Fan resource website and community.
• "Ansible Wikia" An introduction to Orson Scott Card's; Works, Current Events, Characters, Locations, and Lingo.
• Ender's Game at the Internet Movie Database on the forthcoming film
• Orson Scott Card at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• Orson Scott Card Quotes

[edit] Other

• Creating the Innocent Killer - An essay critical of the morality expressed in Card's writing.
• "Demonizing Literature" - A response to Card's critique of "literary fiction."
• An audio interview with Orson Scott Card (MP3 format) from Hour 25
• An audio interview with Orson Scott Card from Geekson.
• Orson Scott Card at the Internet Book List
• Interview at SFFWorld.com

Orson Scott Card's Ender's Game series
Ender Quartet	Ender's Game | Speaker for the Dead | Xenocide | Children of the Mind
Bean Quartet	Ender's Shadow | Shadow of the Hegemon | Shadow Puppets | Shadow of the Giant
Additional books	Shadows in Flight | Ender in Exile: Ganges (working title)
Short stories	First Meetings: "The Polish Boy" | "Teacher's Pest" | "Investment Counselor" Intergalactic Medicine Show: "Mazer in Prison" | "Pretty Boy" | "Cheater"
Books | Characters | Concepts

Persondata
NAME	Card, Orson Scott
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Science fiction novelist
DATE OF BIRTH	August 24, 1951
PLACE OF BIRTH	Richland, Washington
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH