Order of Mapungubwe
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The Order of Mapungubwe is South Africa's highest honour. It was instituted on 6 December 2002, and is granted by the president of South Africa, for achievements in the international area which have served South Africa's interests. The order originally had three classes, and was enlarged to four in 2004:
- Platinum (OMP), for exceptional and unique achievements,
- Gold (OMG), for exceptional achievements,
- Silver (OMS), for excellent achievements,
- Bronze (OMB), for outstanding achievements.
The order is named after Mapungubwe, an ancient African nation which existed a thousand years ago in what is now the northern part of the Limpopo province.
The badge is a horizontal oval above an inverted trapezium. Inside the oval frame is depicted a golden rhinoceros with the sun rising above Mapungubwe hill in the background. The convex upper edge of the trapezium is decorated with a beadwork pattern and the sides are edged with sceptres. In the centre is an ornate crucible from which molten gold flows down to a red furnace. The South African coat of arms is displayed on the reverse.
The ribbon is gold, edged with a line of cream-coloured bead-like dots along each edge, and recurring cream-coloured rhinoceros silhouettes down the centre. All four classes are worn around the neck.
The first recipient of the order (in the Platinum class) was ex-president Nelson Mandela.
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[edit] Recipients
[edit] 2002
- Nelson Mandela - Platinum (national reconciliation and nation-building)
- Allan Cormack - Gold (scientist credited for co-inventing the cat-scan)
- FW de Klerk - Gold (national reconciliation and nation-building)
- Basil Schonland - Gold (physicist and founding president of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research)
- Peter Beighton - Bronze (research into the inherited disorders of the skeleton)
- Hamilton Naki - Bronze (medical science)
[edit] 2004
- Sydney Brenner - Gold (medical science)
- Tshilidzi Marwala - Bronze (engineering science)
- Batmanathan Dayanand Reddy - Bronze (mathematics and science)
[edit] 2005
- John Maxwell Coetzee - Gold (literature)
- Aaron Klug - Gold (medical science)
- Frank Reginald Nunes Nabarro - Silver
- Tebello Nyokong - Bronze (research into the development of cancer treatments)
- Himladevi Soodyall - Bronze
[edit] 2006
- Selig Percy Amoils - Silver (pioneering medical achievements)
