Nasreddin
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For other uses, see Nasreddin (disambiguation).
Nasreddin was a lower Muslim cleric who lived during the Middle Ages. His name is spelled differently in various cultures and is often preceded or followed by titles "Mullah", "Hodja", see section "Name variants". Nasreddin was a populist philosopher and wise man, remembered for his funny stories and anecdotes.
Nasreddin often appears as a whimsical character of a large Persian, Arab, Azeri, Pashto, Urdu, Hindi, Bosnian and Turkish folk tradition of vignettes, not entirely different from zen koans. He is also very popular in Greece; he is also known in Bulgaria, although in a different role, see below.
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[edit] About Nasreddin
Where and when he was born, and where and when he died, are not known with certainty, but he is usually assumed to have lived in Anatolia.[citation needed] He was born in 1208 in Hortu, a village near the of town Sivrihisar in what is now Central Turkey.[citation needed] He moved in 1237 to Aksehir a local town, to study under the scholars Seyid Mahmud Hayrani and Seyid Haci Ibrahim[citation needed]. He has long been known among various Islamic peoples. Possibly due to the fact that his stories are shared among pilgrims to Mecca, his humor is familiar, under different names, to people from China, Central Asia, India, and Morocco.
[edit] Modern recognition
There is a modern tomb dedicated to him in the city of Akşehir in Turkey. He is also the symbol of Akşehir, which hosts several statues of Nasreddin Hoca and an international festival dedicated to him. The city of Bukhara in Uzbekistan also has a statue of him riding his donkey backwards and grasping its tail (as he is traditionally depicted), and journals bear his name in Baku (Azerbaijan) and Tabriz (Iran).
The year 1996 was proclaimed "Nasreddin Hoca year" by UNESCO.
There are several annual Hoja/Molla Nasreddin International Cartoon Contests held in Turkey for many years [1] [2] [3] [4] and Azerbaijan.
[edit] Nasreddin's tales
The anecdotes attributed to him reveal a satirical personality with a biting tongue that he was not afraid to use even against the most tyrannical sultans of his time. He is the symbol of both the Central Asian style satirical comedy and the rebellious feelings of people against the dynasties that once ruled this geography.
Some mystic traditions use jokes, stories and poetry to express certain ideas, allowing the bypassing of the normal discriminative thought patterns. The rationality that confines and objectifies the thinking process is the opposite to the intuitive, gestalt mentality that the mystic is attempting to engage, enter and retain.
By developing a series of impacts that reinforce certain key ideas, the rational mind is occupied with a surface meaning whilst other concepts are introduced. Thus paradox, unexpectedness, and alternatives to convention are all expressed. Although there are several books that attempt to put together the many jokes attributed to him, most people encounter his jokes in the context of their daily lives. Often, a Nasreddin joke is told by one party when the other party makes the kind of mistake that Nasreddin had parodied.
Some tales of Nasreddin are also adapted and used as teaching stories by followers of Sufism. This is such a common practice that, given the nature of many of Nasreddin's jokes, multiple interpretations (or several 'layers' of meaning) are to be expected. Idries Shah, a well-known Sufi and writer, published a number of collections of Nasrudin stories (see list below), and suggested that the stories' various layers of meaning have a teaching-effect.
In some Bulgarian folklore tales originated during the Ottoman rule, the name appears as an antagonist to a local wise man, named Hitar Petar (Хитър Петър, meaning "cunning Peter"). In Sicily the same tales involve a man named Giufà.
While Nasreddin is mostly known as a character from anecdotes, later whole novels and stories have been written.
[edit] Examples
[edit] Delivering a Khutba
- Once, Mulla Nasruddin was invited to deliver a khutba. When he got on the minbar (pulpit), he asked "Do you know what I am going to say?" The audience replied "NO", so he announced "I have no desire to speak to people who don't even know what I will be talking about" and he left.
- The people felt embarrassed and called him back again the next day. This time when he asked the same question, the people replied "YES" So Mullah Nasruddin said, "Well, since you already know what I am going to say, I won't waste any more of your time" and he left.
- Now the people were really perplexed. They decided to try one more time and once again invited the Mullah to speak the following week. Once again he asked the same question - "Do you know what I am going to say?" Now the people were prepared and so half of them answered "YES" while the other half replied "NO". So Mullah Nasruddin said "The half who know what I am going to say, tell it to the other half" and he left!
[edit] Two sides of a river
- Nasrudin sat on a river bank when someone shouted to him from the opposite side:
- - "Hey! how do I get across?"
- - "You are across!" Nasrudin shouted back.
[edit] Whom do you trust
- A neighbour comes to the gate of Nasreddin Hoja's yard. The Hoja goes out to meet him outside.
- "Would you mind, Hoja," the neighbour asks, "to lend me your donkey today? I have some goods to transport to the next town."
- The Hoja doesn't feel inclined to lend out the animal to that particular man, however; so, not to seem rude, he answers:
- "I'm sorry, but I've already lent him to somebody else."
- Suddenly the donkey can be heard braying loudly behind the wall of the yard.
- "You lied to me, Hoja!" the neighbour exclaims. "There it is behind that wall!"
- "What do you mean?" the Hoja replies indignantly. "Whom would you rather believe, a donkey or your Hoja?"
[edit] Collections
- 600 Mulla Nasreddin Tales, collected by Mohammad Ramazani (Popular Persian Text Series: 1) (in Persian).
- The Exploits of the Incomparable Mulla Nasrudin, by Idries Shah
- The Subtleties of the Inimitable Mulla Nasrudin, by Idries Shah
- The Pleasantries of the Incredible Mullah Nasrudin, by Idries Shah
- The Wisdom of Mulla Nasruddin, by Shahrukh Husain
[edit] Name variants
Nasreddin's name is also commonly spelled Nasrudin, Nasr ud-Din, Nasredin, Naseeruddin, Nasruddin, Nasr Eddin, Nastradhin, Nasreddine, Nastratin, Nusrettin, and Nastradin.
His name is usually preceded or followed by a title of wisdom used in the correponding cultures: "Khwaje", "Hodja", "Hojja", "Hodža", "Hoca", "Hogea", "Hodza", "Chotzas", "Mullah", "Mulla", "Molla", "Maulana", "Efendi", "Ependi".
[edit] See also
- Islamic comedy
- Hershele Ostropoler
- Till Eulenspiegel
