Mordechai Avniel
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Mordechai Avniel (1900-1989) (variant name Mordecai Avniel) was an Israeli painter and sculptor, born in 1900 in Minsk, present-day Belarus. He studied fine arts in Yekaterinburg, Russia (1913-19) and at the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, Jerusalem (1923). Avniel immigrated to Eretz Israel in 1921 and first worked as a pioneer in citrus plantations near Petah Tikva. In 1923, at the urging of Boris Schatz, he went to Jerusalem to further his studies at Bezalel. He later taught painting and sculpture at Bezalel, and served a term as director of the Small Sculpture Section of the Sculpture Department (1924-28).
From 1935, Avniel lived in Haifa, and in 1958 he participated in the Venice Biennale. While he is best known as a leading Israeli artist, Avniel was also a prominent lawyer and a founding partner of the Haifa firm Avniel, Salomon & Co. He was a regular participant in the group exhibitions of the Painters and Sculptors' Association of Israel and, among other achievements, was awarded the following accolades during his lifetime: Herman Struck Prize (1952), Tenth Anniversary Prize for Watercolours, Ramat Gan (1958), Histadrut Prize (1961), and First Prize Haifa Municipality (1977). He represented Israel at the 1962 International Art Seminar at Fairleigh Dickenson University, was a member of the Artists' Colony in Safed, and maintained an active studio on Mount Carmel in the Haifa environs. Avniel's works can be found in museums and private collections in Israel and abroad (see below for a detailed list). He died in 1989.
Avniel is best known for his deft and singular landscape work. He said of his scenes of Israel: "I loved the Israeli landscape. While roaming the country extensively, I gradually absorbed its atmosphere, its lights and moods, the view of mountains and valleys, the Sea of Galilee and the expanse of the Mediterranean. Again and again, I experimented painting and drawing them, at the same time trying to teach myself contemporary art. And thus I gradually shook off the academic conception, and became freer. I tried with my whole being to find my own style. The clouds floating above the Galilee or the Dead Sea - both below sea level - bring about an almost constant change of light, colour and atmosphere. The scenery takes on certain shapes and discards them again. These clouds taught me to understand space. I do not see my landscapes optically; they are a fusion of colours blended harmoniously - abstract at times, and at other times expressions of my inner feelings. Only after years did I find self-expression in my landscape, in the light, the atmosphere and the sun of Israel. My motif is always the non-static landscape with all its contrasts: the rays of dawn, the stillness of the day's heat, the evening's twilight, radiance and dimness, wind and rain, a night's storm."
Avniel's manipulations of light and colour share much with those of compatriot artists Shimshon Holzman and Joseph Kossonogi, and his finest works constitute some of the most sophisticated examples of twentieth-century Israeli landscape painting. Avniel's work has not yet garnered the full attention of the growing Israeli art market, nor has it yet appeared in Sotheby's Israeli and International Art auctions in New York and Tel Aviv.
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[edit] Selected exhibitions
- 2004 Our Landscape: Notes on Landscape Painting in Israel, University of Haifa Art Gallery, Haifa (online catalogue)
- 1965 Mordechai Avniel Retrospective, Haifa Municipality Museum of Modern Art, Haifa
- 1964 Galerie Synthèse, Paris
- 1962 New York University, New York
- 1961 Rina Gallery of Modern Art, Jerusalem
- 1960 Galerie Intime, Montréal
- 1959 Opening Show, Gallery Moos, Toronto (with Serge Poliakoff, Marc Chagall, Hans Erni and Paul-Émile Borduas) (1959 gallery invitation).
- 1959 Pulitzer Art Galleries, New York
- 1957 Chemerinsky Gallery, Tel Aviv
- 1956 Museum of Modern Art, Haifa
- 1955 Nora Gallery, Jerusalem
- 1954 Tel Aviv Museum, Tel Aviv
- 1954 National Museum, Washington
- 1953 Shore Gallery, Boston
- 1952 Katz Gallery, Tel Aviv
- 1941 Beit Pevsner, Haifa
[edit] Selected collections
- Museum of Modern Art, Haifa
- Tel Aviv Museum
- Israel Museum, Jerusalem
- Boston Public Library
- Brooklyn Museum
- Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge
- Hartford Atheneum
- Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
- Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
- Museum of Modern Art, New York
- Smithsonian Institute, Washington
- New York Public Library
- Philadelphia Museum of Art
- Baltimore Museum of Art
- Carnegie Institute of Fine Arts, Pittsburgh
- Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
[edit] References
- Ayal, Avishay, and Yoram Bar-Gal. Our Landscape: Notes on Landscape Painting in Israel [exhibition catalogue]. Haifa: University of Haifa Art Gallery, 2004.
- Jaffé, Hans Ludwig. Sea of Galilee: Watercolors [portfolio of colour plates]. Tel Aviv: M. Avniel, 1963.
- Mordechai Avniel: The Israeli Landscape Painter [catalogue]. Tel Aviv: United Artists, [1966].
- Mordecai Avniel: Retrospective Exhibition, November-December 1965 [exhibition catalogue]. Haifa: Museum of Modern Art, 1965.
- Tadmor, Gabriel (ed). Mordecai Avniel: Paintings, Woodcuts, Small Sculptures [portfolio]. Haifa: M. Avniel, [197-?].
- Twelve Israeli Painters [portfolio of colour plates]. Tel Aviv: Lion Printers, 1965.
[edit] External links
- Israeli Art Centre (Israel Museum, Jerusalem - Mordechai Avniel)
- Rutgers University Art Library (vertical file on Mordechai Avniel)
- Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (collection of woodcuts and etchings)
- Selected works can be viewed here.
