Minolta Maxxum 7000
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The Minolta MAXXUM 7000 (7000 AF in Europe) 35mm SLR camera was introduced in 1985. It marked a significant milestone in photography as it was the first camera to feature both integrated autofocus (AF) and motorised film advance, the standard configuration for later amateur and professional single lens reflex cameras.
Although Pentax ME-F and Chinon CE-5 already had presented autofocus single lens reflex cameras, autofocusing could not be achieved without the use of special motorised AF lenses. The Pentax ME-F had focus sensors in the camera body, while the Chinon CE-5 used a lens with built-in active infrared sensors. Nikon already had a camera with integrated motor drive on the market, the N2000, but its autofocus counterpart (N2020) appeared after the Maxxum.
The Minolta 7000 had its AF sensors and the focusing drive inside the camera body, and as a result the lenses could be much smaller and cheaper. The aperture and focus were mechanically driven through the lens mount from the camera body. However, electronically controlled buttons on the camera body now replaced the familiar mechanical aperture ring on the lens, and the setting was electronically displayed on the body and in the viewfinder. The familiar metal housing of older Minolta SLR cameras was replaced with a lighter, cheaper body made of plastics. In other respects, the Maxxum offered most of the standard features of other cameras of the day, with the exception of a rather low flash sync speed (1/100 sec.) and no multi-exposure capability.
Minolta decided to introduce a new lens mount, the A system, breaking compatibility with its earlier manual-focus lenses in the MC and MD system, to the chagrin of previous Minolta camera owners with investments in the older lenses. Later, with the introduction of the 7000i camera body, the Dynax/Alpha brand was marketed. Besides offering a significant improvement in performance, the model introduced an innovative new flash mount. The A lens mount is still the same today, but some modifications have been made to the electronic contacts to facilitate new functions such as motor zoom (xi lenses, now discontinued) and a more sophisticated flash metering system(ADI).
Early Maxxum 7000 cameras were inscribed "MAXXUM 7000" with a crossed 'XX'. The oil giant Exxon considered this a violation of their trademark, as the XX in their logo was linked in a similar fashion. As a result, Minolta was allowed to distribute cameras already produced, but was forced to change the stylistic XX in Maxxum and implement this as a change in new production. All Maxxum cameras to this day have had regularly scripted 'X'.
Unfortunately for Minolta, its autofocus design was found to infringe on the patents of Honeywell, a U.S. corporation. After protracted litigation, Minolta in 1991 was ordered to pay Honeywell damages, penalties, trial costs and other expenses in a final amount of 127.6 million dollars.[1]
When Pentax and Nikon entered the autofocus segment, both utilized a similar passive array AF system as Minolta, but decided to retain compatibility with their existing manual-focus K and F mounts respectively. Canon, like Minolta, chose to change their mount completely, introducing the EOS 600-series few years later, breaking the compatibility with the former FL and FD lens mounts. This was the only fully electronic lens mount system, with no mechanical connections between camera body and lens. Like Canon, Minolta's decision to orphan its manual-focus mount cost it the support of some loyal customers, but in Minolta's case, customers it could ill afford to lose.
