Mattoon, Illinois
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mattoon is a city in Coles County, Illinois, United States. The population was 18,291 at the 2000 census. Mattoon may be best known today for the Mad Gasser attacks of the 1940s.
Contents |
[edit] History
Early settlers from the South lived in forested areas along the headwaters of the Little Wabash River to the southwest of the present town. They distrusted the prairie, which they saw as the source of fevers.
The history of Mattoon is tied to that of local railroads. In 1853, railroad surveyors from the Illinois Central Railroad and Terre Haute and Alton Railroad found their railroads would cross in the Mattoon area, and a burst of investment and land speculation began. The two railroads raced to the meeting point, on the understanding that the first to arrive would not have to pay to maintain the crossing. Local settlers marked out the plots for sale with pegs, and the village was originally known as "Pegtown."
In 1861, the town was officially named after William B. Mattoon, the chief construction engineer working for the Terre Haute and Alton Railroad. The reason for this honor is unclear; some say he won the naming rights because his rail crew arrived first. Others say he beat other claimants in a card game, or that Pegtown residents hoped the wealthy Mattoon would invest in the town if they named it after him. With its combination of excellent transportation and remarkably fertile prairie soils, Mattoon expanded rapidly. By the dawn of the 20th century, Mattoon's growing population and rail access brought manufacturing and industry.
On the night before the Lincoln-Douglas debate of September 18, 1858, at the Coles County Fairgrounds, both Lincoln and Douglas had slept in nearby Mattoon, [1],[2]. On June 17, 1861, General Ulysses S. Grant took his first post of the American Civil War when he assumed command of the 21st Illinois Infantry in Mattoon.
In 1865, Amish settlers began a community to the north near Arthur, IL. Amish farmstands and horse-drawn buggies are not uncommon sights in the northern part of Mattoon today.
In the 1890s, Mattoon led the successful campaign to have a proposed college in eastern Illinois located in Coles County. The citizens were chagrined when neighboring Charleston was chosen as the home of the future Eastern Illinois University instead.
On May 26, 1917, the town was devastated by a tornado, which killed 101 people.
Mattoon has a strong tradition of baseball. The town was home to several minor-league teams in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and still has a thriving junior league. The last stadium, with a capacity of approximately 2,000 seats, was torn down in the late 1950s.
Mattoon, IL is also the home of the Soybean Museum. It is the largest collection of soybean hybrids in the United States under one roof.
Mattoon is also home to the "original" Burger King.
[edit] Arland Williams, Jr.
Mattoon was the hometown of Arland D. Williams Jr., a 46-year old bank examiner with the Federal Reserve Bank in Atlanta, Georgia. On January 13, 1982, he was one of only six survivors aboard when Air Florida Flight 90 crashed into the ice-chocked Potomac River in Washington, DC. Bystanders, news media, and rescue personnel on the bridge and shore were helpless to reach the survivors. The only mode of rescue was a U.S. Park Police helicopter which arrived about 20 minutes after the crash.
As a rescue helicopter hovered overhead, Mr. Williams repeatedly grabbed hold of the swaying lifeline and selflessly passed it to other survivors clinging to the wreckage. It is doubtful whether any of the other victims could have been rescued without Mr. Williams' help. However, by the time the helicopter returned on a final trip to rescue him, he had already drowned.
Williams was posthumously awarded the United States Coast Guard's Gold Lifesaving Medal by President Ronald Reagan. An important bridge was renamed for him, and The Citadel established several memorials. The new Arland D. Williams Jr. Elementary School in Mattoon was dedicated to his memory in August, 2003.
[edit] Recent history and current issues
In 1940, the discovery of petroleum reserves in the countryside immediately surrounding Mattoon led to a small "oil boom" in the 1940s and 1950s, bringing with it economic benefits and increased civic pride. Oil extraction continues to be an important economic activity.
In 1966, Lake Land College was built just south of the city. The community college offers degrees for immediate employment and pre-university education.
After the arrival of the Lender's Bagel factory in 1986, Mattoon became the self-declared "Bagel Capital of the World." The town is also home to the world's largest bagel and an annual summer event called "Bagelfest." Traditionally a bastion of manufacturing, Mattoon has been challenged by the loss of several major plants in the last two decades.
The Illinois Central Station in the heart of downtown Mattoon is badly decaying, and local activists have sought funding for years to restore it. 2.5 million dollars were obtained for it via the 2005 Transportation Bill. The station and the Illinois Central Line tracks are still used by Amtrak's Illini train and by the famous train City of New Orleans. Today the station is unmanned; passengers boarding at the Mattoon station must order their tickets by telephone or online.
Transportation is still a vital part of local economic life. Much of the major commercial development in recent years has occurred along Interstate 57, which crosses the eastern edge of Mattoon.
[edit] Geography
Mattoon is located at (39.478850, -88.373086)GR1.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 24.1 km² (9.3 mi²), all land. Nearby rivers have been dammed to form Lake Paradise and Lake Mattoon south of the city.
The terminal moraine of the Wisconsin Glacier is located just to the south of Mattoon. Heading south on I-57 there is an impressive vista from the top of the moraine at the south Mattoon exit. While the moraine is of Wisconsinan age (about 10,000 years before present), the land to the south is of Illinoian age (about 100,000 years before present). The small oil field to the south of the moraine is also attributed to glacial activity: The weight of the glacier to the north created cracks in the underlying bedrock. Oil collected adjacent to these cracks.
[edit] Demographics
As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there were 18,291 people, 8,105 households, and 4,676 families residing in the city. The population density was 758.6/km² (1,964.8/mi²). There were 8,830 housing units at an average density of 366.2/km² (948.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.64% White, 1.42% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.27% of the population.
There were 8,105 households out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.3% were non-families. 35.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.87.
In the city the population was spread out with 22.3% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $31,800, and the median income for a family was $43,780. Males had a median income of $32,339 versus $21,949 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,186. About 7.6% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.5% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.
[edit] Popular culture references
Figures prominently in, and is the setting for, CATCH a young-adult novel by Mattoon native Will Leitch, published by Razorbill, an imprint of the Penguin Young Readers Group, in 2005.Catch-Will Leitch-Penguin Group (USA)
[edit] External links
- Official website of the city of Mattoon
- General history of Mattoon
- A brief history of Mattoon baseball
- Arland D. Williams Jr. Elementary School official website
- Save Mattoon
- Arland D. Williams Jr. Elementary School official website
- Maps and aerial photos
- Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local
- Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia
- Topographic map from TopoZone
- Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA
