Lohana
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lohanas are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group and are an urban Hindu mercantile community of India. In India, they mainly reside in Gujarat, Mumbai and other parts of the country. They have also spread to all parts of the world.
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[edit] Overview
Originally Lohanas were a prominent community of the Kshatriya caste (Sanskrit क्षत्रिय Kshatriya) that originated in the region of Punjab and later on migrated to Sindh and present day Gujarat state in India around 800 years ago. As administrators and rulers, Kshatriya Lohanas are assigned with protecting the Hindu Dharma, and serving humanity. In course of time, however, as a result of economic and political exigencies, the Lohanas are now mainly enganged into mercantile occupations.
[edit] Sub-castes
The Lohanas further classify themselves into the following clans or sub-castes.
- Halai - Originating from the Halar region in Gujarat
- Ghoghari - Originating from the Ghogha region in Gujarat
- Kutchi - Originating from the Kutch in Gujarat
- Sindhi - Originating from Sindh
Some of the Lohanas converted to Islam, they are called Memon (Gujarati: મેમણ ).
[edit] History
[edit] Early History
The Lohanas trace their roots in history right up to the advents of Aryas (Aryans) in the Indian sub-continent (which then included today's Afghanistan), making theirs the oldest surviving community in the world. According to Puranic (ancient Indian texts of lore and legends) sources the Aryan civilization was established by king Ishaku (Ikshvaku) some two or three millennia before Christ (BC). His 63rd descendant was the great king Raghu, a great conqueror, who established the Rahguvansh Dynasty.
Lohanas' history begins with king Raghu, who belonged to the Suryavanshi lineage, so called because they worshiped the Sun (Surya). Raghu"s grandson was king Dashratha of Ayodhya, who had four sons with Rama being the oldest and the other three being Laxmana, Bharat and Shatrughna. Rama is the hero of Ramayana, which is ranked along with Mahabharata as the greatest epics of the world and perhaps the oldest, too.
Rama was considered an Avatar or God-incarnate of Lord Vishnu, the protector of the Universe according to Vedic or Hindu mythology. Lord Rama divided his vast kingdom into eight parts, giving one each to his three brothers' eight children. Elder of Ram's two sons was Kush, who was given a land, called Kaushal, which was in the Gangetic basin. His younger son Luv was given the northeast region of his kingdom, which came to be, called Luvalka or Luv's land.
Luv is portrayed as a brave warrior. In one of the episodes of the Ramayana even though he is a mere boy in the hermitage, he brings the entire army of his father Lord Rama (under the command of his uncle Laxman) to a standstill by the prowess at archery (of course along with his older brother Kush). His descendants too were cast in the same mould, but they were not satisfied with Luvalka and pushed to the west and annexed today's Afghanistan and adjoining areas.
Around 580 BC., when king Bimbisara ruled over Bharat (India), the society came to be divided into different communities based on their occupation. One of their communities was called Kshatriyas and King Luv's descendants were classed with them and came to be known as Luvanam, which was also referred to as Luvana. The Luvanas from Loharghat became known as Loharana (masters of swords), which later became Lohana.
Chinese traveller Fa-hien, who visited India between 414 and 399 B.C., calls Lohanas a brave community ruling the northwest territory of India,[1] in his diary. Another Chinese traveler, Kurmang who came in the eleventh century A.D. speaks of a Lohana kingdom as a mighty power. Historian Burton writes Lohanas were brave people and says they were spread over today's Baluchistan (Pakistan), Afghanistan and eastern fringes of Central Asia. Col. Todd, who delved into history of Rajasthan, describes Lohanas as the oldest Kshatriya community.
From Fa-hien downward all pay tribute to the Lohanas as brave. A possible reason for the bravery is that they had placed themselves for centuries in the direct path of invaders from northwest like Persians, Macedonians, Huns, Mughals, etc.
Ruling in Afghanistan for many centuries they braved onslaughts of invaders looking for converts in India. From 7th to 11th century A.D., living on the small hills in the northwest which saw hordes of Muslim invaders at the gates of India, the Lohanas fought bravely against these invaders.
They held their grounds for long in northwest but finally had to fall back and moved initially to the Sindh province of today's Pakistan. Meanwhile, Prophet Mohammed established Islam. His followers spread out in different directions to preach His religion and in due course they turned towards India too. When these hordes reach northwest, they had to contend with the brave Lohanas and were held back for many years. But finally they lost when one Kualnger of Narsvat community (the Brahmins who performed rites for the Lohanas) betrayed Loharana king Chahir Ray. So Sindh fell to Muslims and Lohanas disintegrated into small segments. But the saga of this brave community did not end there. After the community split, they found a new leader. He was Veer Jashraj, who is revered as Dada Jashraj, who was born in the city of Lohar (today's Lahore in Pakistan), which was the capital of Lohargadh. His domain extended from Lahore to Multan (also in Pakistan today).
As the story goes, Mongol invader Changez Khan, attacked Multan and was killed by Dada Jashraj, Rana of Lohargadh. A plaque in Chinese language on the great Khan's grave says " Killed by Rana Jashraj of Lohergadh". This finds mention in folklore, which say, " King of Mongols was killed by Mirana, the tiger of Multan fort".
His descendants who proudly carry the surname of 'Mirana' preserve the memory of this great warrior king. He was treacherously killed when only 28 - a life so short but full of heroic deeds.
After the death of Dada Jashraj, the decline of Lohanas began and their reign at Lohargadh ended. At this time, king Dahir ruled at Naryankot (today's Hyderabad in the Sindh province of Pakistan). Disunity among Lohanas weakened his kingdom and he died in a fight with Muslims. The Muslims took over Narayankot and Sindh and the mighty Lohanas fell to a hard time, many of them having been converted to Islam.
[edit] Recent History
In 1422 AD, 700 Lohana families comprising of some 6178 individuals, accepted Islam at the hands of one Sayed Yusuffuddin Qadri in Thatta Sindh, they are known as Memons.
But again a new ruler came to their aid. His name was Uderlal who is revered as Dariyalal. His father was Ratnarai Thakur, who lived in Nasasrapur, about 90 miles from Hyderabad (Pakistan). Uderlal fought with the Muslim chief Markah and initiated him into the truth of religion. He won freedom for Hindus from Muslims and devoted the rest of his life in the service of humanity. At last he disappeared, entering the earth. Even today he is revered both by Hindus and Muslims who visit the site of his samadhi. In Gujarati, Lohanas performing the puja (ritual worship) of Dariyalal are known as Pujaras and Dariyalal's descendants as Ratnani. The Lohanas felt their identity was increasingly threatened in Sindh and they began to migrate towards Kutchchh, Saurashtra and Gujarat. Famous warriors once, they took to trade and business. Their instincts of the warrior past were tested in 1764, when Gulam Shah Kora attacked Kutchchh and they had to account for themselves in the battle of Zora. Lohana women fought alongside their men in this battle and the land of Kutchchh is strewn with memorial stones marking the deaths of brave Lohanas. A saying in Gujarati eulogies Lohana women thus: Only Rajputani, Loharani and Miyanai bring forth gem of children.
[edit] Lohanas Today
Lohanas are still to be found in Afghanistan and Pakistan, which are now Islamic states. In Afghanistan, they still maintain their religious identity and are known as Lokhathra. The Lohanas who keep their Hindu identity in Sindh are known as Sindhi Lohana.
Those Lohanas who were converted to Islam are known as Memons. Those who converted to Shia or Shiite Islam are known as Khojas. Many of them retain their Hindu names. The most celebrated among them was the creator of Pakistan, Mohammed Ali Zinnah, whose father's name was Jinabhai Thakkar.
[edit] Notable Lohanas
[edit] List of Notable Lohanas
- Prashay Dhupelia of Dhupelia family Melbourne
- Shri Guru Nanak
- Shree Jalaram Bapa
- Saint Lal Bapu
- Bhikshu Akhand Anand
- Maharishi Priyanath
- Thakkar Bapa
- Shree Nanjibhai Kalidas Mehta
- Kavish Tanna
- Seth Shree Virjibhai Maskai
- Madhvanis
- Vajubhai Kotak
- Smarat Ranmal Lakha
- Dada Jashraj
- Jeetu Khagram of Khagram family London
- Muhammad Ali Jinnah son of Jinabhai Thakkar
- Yogiji Maharaj: 4th spritual successor of Bhagwan Swaminarayan
[edit] Trivia
- Praising Lohanas, Akha Bhagat said: "Thakkars went for name, not for money Worked in front for fame, and did not fail."
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- Lohana Times
- Lohana
- At SnapGalaxy - Photos of the Third Annual Kite Flying Festival organized by Lohana Association of Greater Chicago
- Young Lohana Association East London
Categories: Accuracy disputes | Articles lacking sources | Social groups of India | Ethnic groups in India | Demographic history of India | Indian society | Indo-Aryan peoples | Ruling clans of India | History of India | Empires and kingdoms of India | Ancient peoples | History of medieval India | Ruling Hindu clans | Indian castes | Sindhi tribes | Social groups of Pakistan | Ethnic groups in Pakistan
