List of Shan states and rulers

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The Shan State of Burma (Myanmar) was once made up of a large number of traditional monarchies or fiefdoms. Some rulers had the title Saopha or Chaofa (Shan for king or chieftain) or Sawbwa in Burmese; others, lower in rank, had the title Myosa (literally town eat, in Burmese, given to a prince).

Contents 1 Hopong (Hopon) 2 Hsahtung (Thaton) 3 Hsamönghkam (Thamaingkan) 4 Hsawnghsup (Thaungdut) 5 Hsenwi (Theinni) 5.1 North Hsenwi 5.2 South Hsenwi 6 Hsihkip (Thigyit) 7 Hsipaw (Thibaw) 8 Kengtung (Kyaingtong) 9 Kokang 10 Laihka (Lègya) 11 Lawksawk (Yatsauk) 12 Mawkmai 13 Mong Mit (Momeik) 14 Mong Nai (Monè) 15 Mong Pai 16 Mong Pan 17 Mong Pawng (Maing Pun) 18 Yawnghwe (Nyaungshwe) 19 Bibliography

[edit] Hopong (Hopon)

under a Myosa (no current information)

[edit] Hsahtung (Thaton)

under a Myosa (no current information)

[edit] Hsamönghkam (Thamaingkan)

Founded before 1700 and under a Myosa, its known rulers were:

1807 - 18.. Maung Shwe Pon

1825 - 1834 Maung Shwe E (1st time)

1834 - 18.. Maung Me (1st time)

18.. - 1847 Maung Shwe E (2nd time)

1847 - 1848 Maung Me (2nd time)

1848 - 1867 Maung Shwe Min (1st time)

1867 Maung Lin (1st time)

1867 - 18.. Maung Tha U

18.. - 1876 Maung Kyi

1876 - 18.. Maung Lin (2nd time)

18.. - 1885 Maung Su Ka

1885 - 1886 Maung Shwe Min (2nd time)

1886 - 19.. Maung Hpo

[edit] Hsawnghsup (Thaungdut)

Founded before 1858 under a Saopha, it ceased to exist in 1893. The rulers were:

x-x Sao Aung Ba

1858? -1880 Sao Shwe Maung

1880 - 1893 Sao Kan Mun

[edit] Hsenwi (Theinni)

Hsenwi sets its legendary foundation before 650. It was ruled by a Saopha and ceased to exist in March 1888, when it was split into North Hsenwi and South Hsenwi. The rulers were:

1778 - 1800 Sao Hswe Cheng (Kon)

1800 - 1815 Sao Hsö Kaw

1815 - 1819 Mogaung Wun -Regent

1819 - 1821 Sao Naw Möng

1821 - 1824 Hkun Hkam Hkawt

1824 - 1827 Sao Hkam Pak

1827 - 1831 Sao Hkam Nan

1831 - 1838 Sao Hkun Maung Lek

1838 - 1845 Sao Hkam Leng (Hsö Hkan Hpa)

1845 - 1848 Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (1st time)

1848 - 1853 Vacant

1853 - 1855 Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (2nd time)

1855 - 1858 Vacant

1858 - 1860 Sao Hpa Mawng Hpa (1st time)

1860 - 1863 Vacant

1863 - 1864 Sao Hpa Mawng Hpa (2nd time)

1864 - 1866 Shwe Pyi Bo

1866 - 1867 U Ma Nga

1867 - 1869 Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (3rd time)

1869 - 1873 Vacant

1873 - 1874 Win Hmu

1874 - 1875 Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (4th time)

1875 - 1876 Natsu Letya

1876 - 1879 Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (5th time)

1879 - 1888 Hkun Hsang Ton Hong

[edit] North Hsenwi

Created in March 1888 by the splitting of the Hsenwi state, it was ruled by a Saopha, and ceased to exist in 1952. The rulers were:

Mar 1888 -x Hkun Hsang Ton Hong

1927 - 1952 Sao Hom Hpa

[edit] South Hsenwi

Created in March 1888 by the splitting of the Hsenwi state, it was ruled by a Saopha, and ceased to exist in 1952. The rulers were:

1888 - 1913 Sao Naw Möng

1913 - 1946 Sao Song

1946 - 1952  ?

[edit] Hsihkip (Thigyit)

Founded before 600, it ceased to exist in 1886, when it was incorporated into Yawnghwe. It was ruled by a Myosa and the rulers were:

1800? Hkun Chok

18.. - 18.. Hkun Hpe

18.. - 18.. Hkun Daw

18.. - 18.. Maung Paw

18.. - 18.. Maung Paik

18.. - 18.. Hkun Hmom

18.. - 18.. Hkam Lin -Regent

184. - 184. Hkun Nyun

184. - 1848 Twet Kye -Regent

1848 - 1851 Hkun Ywe

1851 - 1862 Hkun Ton

1863 - 1870 Son Hkun Hpon

1870 - 1886 Maung Hnya

[edit] Hsipaw (Thibaw)

Founded, according to legend, in 58 BC, it was ruled by a Saopha. Its formal name was Dutavadi, and ceased to exist in the 20th century. For the state capital see Thipaw.

1788 - 1809 Sao Hswe Kya

1809 - 1843 Sao Hkun Hkwi

1843 - 1853 Sao Hkun Paw

1853 - 1866 Sao Kya Htun

1866 - 18.. Sao Kya Hkeng

1886 - 1902 Hkun Saing

1902 - 1928 Sao Hke

1928 - 19.. Sao On Kya

19.. - 1962 Sao Kya Seng

[edit] Kengtung (Kyaingtong)

For the state capital see Kengtong.

• 1895-1935 Sao Kawng Kiao Intaleng, 53rd Saopha

[edit] Kokang

Ruled and founded by the Yang dynasty,it was founded in 1739 by Yang Shien Tsai, Chief of Shin Da Hu. Later his successor Yang Wei Shin expanded his territory and renamed it Kho Kan Shan. Yang Yon Gen then finally renamed it to Kokang. The first 2 reigned as chiefs, the 3rd assumed the title of Heng which was to be held until Yang Chun Yon assumed the Myosa title. Colonel Sao Yang Wen Pin assumed the title of Saopha, after the British recognised Kokang in 1947 as a state for services in the Second World War; it lasted until the state ceased to exist in 1959. The rulers were:

1739 - 1758 Yang Shien Tsai, Chief of Shin Da Hu

1758 - 1795 Yang Wei Shin, Chief of Kho Kan Shan

1795 - 1840 Yang Yon Gen, Heng of Kokang

1840 - 1874 Yang Guo Hwa, Heng of Kokang

1874 - 1916 Yang Guo Zhen, Heng of Kokang

1916 - 1927 Yang Chun Yon, Heng and Myosa of Kokang

1927 - 1949 Colonel Sao Yang Wen Pin, Saopha of Kokang

1949 - 1959 Sao Edward Yang Kyein Tsai, Saopha of Kokang.

[edit] Laihka (Lègya)

[edit] Lawksawk (Yatsauk)

[edit] Mawkmai

[edit] Mong Mit (Momeik)

Sao Khin Maung

Sao Hkun Hkio

[edit] Mong Nai (Monè)

[edit] Mong Pai

[edit] Mong Pan

[edit] Mong Pawng (Maing Pun)

Sao Khun Hti

Sao Sarm Htun

[edit] Yawnghwe (Nyaungshwe)

The formal name of the state was Kanbawza. For the state capital see Nyaung Shwe.

32nd Saopha: Sir Saw Maung

33rd Saopha: Sao Shwe Thaik

[edit] Bibliography

• Sao Sāimöng, The Shan States and the British Annexation. Cornell University, Cornell, 1969 (2nd ed.)
• Sao Sāimöng Mangrāi, The Pādaeng Chronicle and the Jengtung State Chronicle Translated. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1981
• J. G. Scott, Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States. 5 vols. Rangoon, 1900-1901
• J. G. Scott, Burma: a handbook of practical information. London, 1906