Liberalism and radicalism in Hungary
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This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Hungary. It is limited to liberal and radical parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.
[edit] Introduction
From the starting of liberalism in Hungary its program is combined with the strive for independence from of more autonomy inside Austria-Hungary. The two currentis, Deákists and Kossuthists, differ in their attitude towards the Austrian rulers. Both currents are in the beginning of the 20th century conservative liberal or even conservative parties.
In the interbellum liberalism is originally very successful with the Károlyi-ans, but after the communist revolution of 1919 and during the conservative regency, liberalism is limited to small city-based parties. After the 1988 end of communist rule, liberalism reconstitutes itself in the Alliance of Free Democrats (Szabad Demokratak Szövetsege, member LI), ELDR), a center market liberal party. Originally also the Young Democrats chose a liberal profile, but soon they developed into a national-conservative party.
[edit] The timeline
[edit] Opposition
- 1847: Liberal oppositionals, like Ferenc Deák and Lajos Kossuth formed the Opposition (Ellenzék).
- 1849: The party is banned
[edit] Radical Party
- 1849: Radical liberals formed the illegal Radical Party (Radikális Párt)
- 1868: The party joined the new ⇒ 1848 Party
[edit] From Address Party to Liberal Party
- 1861: The moderate followers of Ferenc Deák formed the Address Party (Felirati Párt) (Address Party)
- 1866: After the compromise with the Austrian rulers, the party is re-organised into the conservative liberal Deák Party (Deákpárt)
- 1875: The party merged with the conservative Left Center (Balközep) into the conservative liberal Liberal Party (Szabadelvű Párt)
- 1876: The liberal wing seceded as the ⇒ Independent Liberal Party
- 1899: The ⇒ National Party joined the party
- 1904: The ⇒ National Party seceded from the party
- 1906: The party dissolved itself
[edit] From Extreme Left to Kossuth Party
- 1867: Going back to the traditions of the Ellenzék, liberals formed the Extreme Left (Szélső bal).
- 1868: The party united with the former radicals into the 48-as Párt (1848 Party)
- 1874: A faction seceded as the ⇒ Függetlenségi Párt
- 1884: The parties reunited into the Independence and 1848 Party (Függetlenségi és 48-as Párt)
- 1895: An agrarian faction formed the Independence and 1848 Party Ugron (Függetlenségi és 48-as Párt-Ugron)
- 1904: The parties reunited
- 1905: The ⇒ National Party joined
- 1908: A left-wing faction seceded as the ⇒ Left Party
- 1909: A conservative faction formed the 1848 Independence Kossuth Party (48-as Függetlenségi-Kossuth Párt)
- 1910: The Left Party rejoined the party
- 1912: The radical ⇒ Countrywide Republican Party seceded
- 1913: The party merged with the 1848 Independence Kossuth Party into the United Independence and 1848 Party (Egyesült Függetlenségi és 48-as Párt)
- 1916: The liberal wing seceded as the ⇒ Independence and 1848 Károlyí Party
- 1919: The party, now a conservative party, is renamed Independence and 1848 Party (Függetlenségi és 48-as Párt) and in 1924 into the Kossuth Party (Kossuth Párt). It is disbanded in 1945.
[edit] Independence Party
- 1874: A faction of the ⇒ 1848 Party formed the Independence Party (Függetlenségi Párt)
- 1884: The parties reunited into the ⇒ Independence and 1848 Party
[edit] From Independent Liberal Party to National Party
- 1876: The liberal wing of the ⇒ Liberal Party formed the Independent Liberal Party (Független Szabadelvű Párt)
- 1878: It joined more conservative groups into the United Opposition (Egyesült Ellenzék)
- 1881: The party is reorganised into the Moderate Opposition (Mérsékelt Ellenzék)
- 1891: The party is renamed National Party (Nemzeti Párt)
- 1899: It joined the ⇒ Liberal Party
- 1904: The party seceded from the Liberal Party
- 1905: It joined the ⇒ Independence and 1848 Party
[edit] From Communal Democratic Party to Civic Democratic Party
- 1894: Budapest liberals formed the Communal Democratic Party (Köszégi Demokrata Párt)
- 1900: The party is reorganised in a national party, named Civic Democratic Party (Polgári Demokrata Párt)
- 1918: The party split into the NsZP and the ⇒ Liberal Citizens's Party
- 1919: The parties reunited into the National Democratic Party (Nemzeti Demokrata Párt)
- 1926: The party merged with the ⇒ FKFPP into the Independent National Democratic Party (Független Nemzeti Demokrata Párt)
- 1928: The former FKPP secedes and the party is renamed National Democratic Party (Nemzeti Demokrata Párt)
- 1942: The party ceased to exist
- 1944: The party is reorganised into the Civic Democratic Party (Polgári Demokrata Párt)
- 1949: The PDP joined the left-wing non-marxist Hungarian Radical Party (Magyar Radikális Párt)
[edit] Left Party
- 1908: A left-wing faction of the ⇒ Independence and 1848 Party formed the Left Party (Balpárt).
- 1910: The party rejoined the Independence and 1848 Party
[edit] Countrywide Republican Party
- 1912: A radical faction of the ⇒ Independence and 1848 Party formed the Countrywide Republican Party (Orzágos Köztársasági Párt).
- 1913: The party is banned
[edit] Independence and 1948 Károlyi Party
- 1916: The liberal wing of the ⇒ United Independence and 1848 Party formed the Independence and 1848 Party Károlyi (Függetlenségi és 48-as (Károlyi) Párt), lead by Michael Károlyi
- 1919: After a communist coup the party is disbanded
[edit] Countrywide Civic Radical Party
- 1916: Radical liberals formed the Countrywide Civic Radical Party (Orzágos Polgári Radikális Párt)
- 1919: The party disbanded itself
[edit] Liberal Citizens'Party
- 1918: A faction of the ⇒ Polgári Demokrata Párt formed the Liberal Citizens' Party (Liberális Polgári Páry)
- 1919: The parties reunited into the ⇒ National Democratic Party
[edit] From Independence Party of Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Citizens to Civic Freedom Party
- 1921: Károly Rassay formed in an attempt to find liberal support outside the cities the liberal Independence Party of Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Citizens (Függetlenségi Kisgazda Földműves és Polgári Párt, FKFPP)
- 1926: The party merged into the ⇒ Independent National Democratic Party
- 1928: The party is reconstituted as the National Liberal Party (Nemzeti Szabadelvű Párt)
- 1934: The party is renamed into the Civic Freedom Party (Polgári Szabadságpárt)
- 1944: The renmants of the party joined the ⇒ Civic Democratic Party
[edit] Alliance of Free Democrats
- 1988: Just before the collapse of the communist regime liberals formed the Alliance of Free Democrats (Szabad Demokraták Szövetsége)
[edit] Liberal leaders
- 19th century: Lajos Kossuth - Ferenc Deák
- Alliance of Free Democrats: Árpád Göncz
[edit] References
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