Latin verbs (L to Z)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is the second of two pages. See also Latin verbs (A to K)
This list of Latin verbs includes all four principal parts (three in the case of deponent verbs, semi-deponent verbs, and certain passives) of the verbs in this order (all are 1st person, singular, active, indicative):
1. present 2. infinitive 3. past perfect 4. passive perfect participle.
(Most derivatives descend from principal parts 1 and 4)
For full conjugation of all forms of a verb (person, number, tense, voice, mood) see Latin conjugation.
This list includes a list of English derivatives of these verbs (except when there are none). Any verb included in the etymology of another verb is included in the list and the derivatives will be found at the least complex verb (example- the derivative accessible is found under cēdere rather than accēdere) EXCEPT when 1. the assumed relation of the more complex verb to the simpler verb involves an unattested form (see sūmō) 2. the complex verb contains a noun or adjective instead of a prefix (see aedificare).
Many of these derivatives contain affixes or their forms are considerably different from their Classical Latin forms. Many have also undergone semantic change and their modern meanings may be difficult to relate to the Latin etymon. Also, only a limited number of meanings is given for each Latin verb. In any of these cases it is best to look at that specific word's etymology. The List of English prefixes and List of English suffixes may also be helpful. The external links [1] within the text go to the hypothetical Indo-European root for that particular verb.

1 L
2 M
3 N
4 O
5 P
6 Q
7 R
8 S
9 T
10 U
11 V
12 W, X & Y
13 Z
14 References
15 See also

[edit] L

Present	Infinitive	Past perfect	Passive perfect participle	Meaning	Derivation
labōrō	labōrāre	laborāvī	labōrātum	"to work (hard), toil, be worried/concerned about"	labor, laboratory
laudō	laudāre	laudāvī	laudātum	"to praise, name, quote, eulogize"	< laus, laudis "praise, fame" laud, laudable, laudation, laudative, laudatory
lavō	(lavāre OR lavěre)	lavāvī	(lavātum, lautum, OR lōtum)	"to wash, bathe, moisten, wet, wash away"	(lavěre became luěre in prefixed compound verbs. see abluō & luō) ablution, alluvion, colluvium, deluge, dilute, eluent, elute, eluvium, launder, lavabo, lavage, lavatory, lave, lavish, loment, lotion
lěgo	lěgěre	lēgī	lectus	"to collect, gather, read, recite"	coil, collect, diligent, elect, florilegium, intellect, intelligent, lectern, lection, lecture, legend, legible, legion, lesson, neglect, prelect, sacrilege, select, sortilege
līberō	līberāre	liberāvī	līberātum	"to (set) free (from), pay for"	< liber (adj.) "free" + -are (verbal suffix) deliberate, deliver, liberal, liberate, libertine, liberty, livery
linquō	linquěre	līquī		"to leave (alone), forsake"	(no direct English derivatives, but see relinquō)
lūcō	lūcēre	lūxī		"to shine"	< lux, lucis "light" or simply from same root. elucidate, lucent, lucid, lucidity, noctiluca, pellucid, relucent, translucent
lūdō	lūdēre	lūsī	lūsum	"to play, mimic, deceive"	allude, allusion, collude, collusion, delude, delusion, elude, illusion, interlude, ludic, ludicrous, prelude, prolusion
luō	luěre	luī		"to wash"	(no direct English derivatives, but see lavō)

[edit] M

Present	Infinitive	Past perfect	Passive perfect participle	Meaning	Derivation
(mālō OR māvolō)	mālle	māluī		"to prefer, be inclined to"	mavolo < magsvolo < magis (adverb) "more, to a greater degree" + see volō (no direct English derivatives, but see volō, velle)
maneō	manēre	mansī	mansum	"to stay, wait, remain"	immanent, manor, manse, mansion, ménage, permanent, remain
mittō	mittěre	mīsī	missus	"to send, let go of, let fly, let out"	admission, admit, commission, commit, emission, emit, intermission, intermit, permission, permit, promise, submission, submit, transmission, transmit
moneō	monēre	monuī	monitum	"to warn, advise, remember"	demonstrate, monish, monition, monitor, monster, monument, muster, premonition, summon

[edit] N

Present	Infinitive	Past perfect	Passive perfect participle	Meaning	Derivation
nārrō	nārrāre	nārrāvī	nārrātum	"to tell, narrate"	< gnarrāre (not attested) "to tell, relate" < gnārus "knowing, expert" narrate, narration, narrator
nāvigō	nāvigāre	nāvigāvī	nāvigātum	"to sail, steer a ship"	< nāvis "ship" + agere (see agō) circumnavigate, navigate
nōlō	nōlle	nōluī		"to refuse, be unwilling"	< ne "not" + see volō, velle
numerō	numerāre	numerāvī	numerātum	"to number, enumerate"	enumerate

[edit] O

Present	Infinitive	Past perfect	Passive perfect participle	Meaning	Derivation
occīdo	occīdere	occīdī	occīsum	"to set (of the sun, to fall, die)"	< ob- + cadō
occurrō	occurrere	occurrī	occursum	"to meet (something or someone)"	< ob- + currō
offendō	offenděre	offendī	offensus	"to bump (against), hit (upon), shock, injur (reputation)"	< ob- + (see defendō) offend, offense
oppugnō	oppugnāre	oppugnāvī	oppugnātum	"to attack"	< ob- + pugnō
ōrō	ōrāre	orāvī	ōrātum		orate, oration, oratorian, oratorio, oratory, oratory
ostendō	ostendere	ostendī	ostentum	"to show, display, stretch (out), expose, make known"	< ob(s)- + tendō

[edit] P

Present	Infinitive	Past perfect	Passive perfect participle	Meaning	Derivation
pāreō	pārēre	pāruī	pāritum	"to obey"	(no English derivatives)
parō	parāre	parāvī	parātum	"to make/get ready, furnish, get, procure"	apparatus, apparel, comprador, disparate, emperor, imperative, imperator, imperial, parachute, parade, parasol, pare, parlay, parry, parure, prepare, rampart, repair, separate, sever, several
pellō	pellěre	pepulī	pulsus	"to push, strike, thrust, rouse, repel"	appeal, compel, compellation, dispel, expel, impel, impulse, peal, pelt, poussette, pulsate, pulse, propel, push, rappel, repeal, repel
perdō	perdere	perdidī	perditum	"to lose, waste, destroy"	< per- + dō
perficiō	perficere	perfēcī	perfectum	"to carry out, complete"	< com- + faciō
perveniō	pervenīre	pervēnī	perventus	"to arrive, reach"	< per- + veniō
petō	petěre	(petīvī OR petīī)	petītus	"to seek, pursue, strive for, ask for, attack"	appetite, compete, impetigo, impetuous, impetus, perpetual, -petal, petition, petulant, repeat
placeō	placēre	placuī	placitum	"to please, satisfy, seem right"	complacent, placebo, placid, plea, plead, pleasant, please
plicō	plicāre	plicāvī	plicātum	"to fold, wind, coil up"	accomplice, apply, complicate, complice, complicity, deploy, display, employ, explicate, explicit, exploit, implicate, implicit, plait, pleat, pliant, plica, plicate, plight, plissé, ply, replicate, reply, splay [2]
pōnō	pōněre	posuī	pos(i)tus	"to put, set, place, lay, build, found"	apposite,apposition, apropos, component, compose, composite, composition, compost, compote, compound, contrapposto, depone, deposit, dispose, exponent, expose, expound, impose, impost, impost, interpose, juxtapose, oppose, position, positive, post, post, postiche, posture, preposition, propose, provost, punt, reposit, suppose, transpose
portendō	portenděre	portentī	portentus	"to indicate, foretell, portend"	< por (variant of pro-) + tendō
portō	portāre	portāvī	portātum	"to carry"	comport, deport, export, import, important, port, portable, portage, portamento, portative, porter, portfolio, purport, rapport, report, sport, support, transport
poscō	poscere	poposcī		"to demand"	(no English derivatives)
possum	posse	potuī		"to be able, be powerful"	impotent, omnipotent, possible, potent, prepotent
praetereō	praeterīre	praeteriī	prateritus	"to go past, pass"	< praeter "beyond" comparative of pr(a)e "before" + eō
prōcēdō	prōcēdere	prōcessī	prōcessum		< pro- + cedō
prōmittō	prōmitter	promīsī	prōmissum	"to promise"	< pro- + mittō
prōvideō	prōvidēre	provīsī	prōvīsum	"to foresee, to provide/guard (for/against)"	< pro- + videō
pugnō	pugnāre	pugnāvī	pugnātum	"to punch, to fight, oppose, struggle with"	< pugnus "fist" or simply from the same root. impugn, oppugn, poniard, pugilism, pugil stick, pugnacious, repugn
pungō	pungěre	(pupungī OR pepungī)	punctus	"to prick, sting, dent, bite, stab"	bontebok, bung, compunction, expunge, pink, poignant, point, pointillism, pontil, pounce, pounce, punch, puncheon, punctilio, punctual, punctuate, puncture, pungent, spontoon, trapunto

[edit] Q

Present	Infinitive	Past perfect	Passive perfect participle	Meaning	Derivation
quaerō	quaerere	quaesīvī	quaesītum	"to ask, seek"	conquest, conquistador, query, quest, question, request
quiēsco	quiēscere	quiēvī	quiētum	"to rest"	acquiesce, acquit, coy, quiet, [[quit], quitclaim, quite, quitrent, requiescat requiescat in pace (R.I.P.)

[edit] R

Present	Infinitive	Past perfect	Passive perfect participle	Meaning	Derivation
rapiō	rapere	rapuī	raptum	"to take, snatch, seize, steal"	erepsin, rapacious, rape, rapid, rapine, rapt, rapture, ravage, raven, ravin, ravish, subreption, surreptitious
recitō	recitāre	recitāvī	recitātum	"to read alod, recite"	< re- + citus, the passive perfect participle of cieō
reddō	reddīre	reddidī	redditum	"to give back, return (to somewhere)"	< re(d)- + dō
redeō	redīre	rediī	reditum	"to go back, return"	(no English derivatives) < re(d)- + eō
referō	referre	rettulī	relātum	"to bring back, report"	< re- + ferō
regō	regěre	rexī	rectus	"to straighten, keep straight, guide (morally), command, rule, govern"	address, adroit, alert, correct, direct, erect, incorrigible, {{insurgent]], insurrection, porrect, realm, rectangle, rectify, rectilinear, rectitude, recto, rector, rectum, rectus, regent, regime, regimen, regiment, region, resurge, Risorgimento, sord, source, surge
relinquō	relinquere	relīquī	relictum	"to leave behind"	< re- + linquō delinquent, derelict, relic, relinquish
repellō	repellere	reppulī	repulsum	"to drive/push back, repel"	< re- + pellō
resistō	resistere	resistī	resistum	"to resist"	< re- + sistō
respondeō	respondēre	respondī	responsum	"to respond, call back, promise back"	< re- + spondeō
retineo	retinēre	retinuī	retentum	"to hold back, retain"	< re- + teneō
rideō	ridere	rīsī	rīsum	"to laugh (at), ridicule"	deride, derision, derisive, ridicule, ridiculous, risible
rogō	rogāre	rogāvī	rogātum	"to ask (for)"	abrogate, arrogant, arrogate, corvée, derogate, interrogate, prerogative, prorogue, rogation, rogatory, subrogate, supererogate
rumpō	rumpere	rūpī	ruptum	"to burst, break"	abrupt, bankrupt, corrupt, disrupt, erupt, interrupt, irrupt, rout, rupicolous, rupture
ruō	ruere	ruī	ruātus	"to rush"	(no English derivatives)

[edit] S

Present	Infinitive	Past perfect	Passive perfect participle	Meaning	Derivation
salūtō	salūtāre	salutāvī	salūtātum	"to greet, wish well to, welcome, hail (as)"	<salūs "health, whole/sound condition" salubrious, salutary, salutation, salute
scandō	scanděre	scandī		"to climb, scale, mount"	ascendency, condescend, descend, scan, scandent, scansion, scansorial, scantling, transcend
scribō	scribere	scrīpsī	scrīptum	"to write"	ascribe, circumscribe, conscript, describe, festschrift, inscribe, manuscript, postscript, prescribe, proscribe, rescript, scribble, scribe, script, scriptorium, Scripture, serif, shrive, subscribe, superscribe, transcribe
sedeō	seděre	sēdī	sessum	"to sit, settle (down), hold court, stay fixed, preside"	assess, assiduous, assize, dissident, insessorial, insidious, obsess, possess, preside, reside, séance, sedentary, sederunt, sedile, sediment, sessile, session, sewer, siege, subsidy, supersede, surcease
serviō	servīre	servīī	servītum	"to serve, be a slave, comply with, conform to"	< servus "slave" (possibly from Etruscan) (see servō for derivatives)
servō	servāre	servāvī	servātum	"to serve, preserve, keep, watch over"	< servus "slave" (possibly from Etruscan) conservation, conserve, deserve, preservation, preserve, reservation, reserve, servant, serve, service, servile
sinō	sinere	sī(v)ī	situm	"to allow"	(no English derivatives)
sistō	sistěre	(stitī OR stetī)	status	"stand, cause to stand, put, set (up)"	< stō or simply from same root assist, consist, desist, exist, insist, interstice, persist, resist, subsist
solvō	solvere	solvī	solūtus	"to loosen, untie, cast off"	absolute, absolve, assoil, dissolve, resolute, resolve, soluble, solute, solution, solve]]
speciō	specěre	spexī	spectus	"to look at"	aspect, circumspect, conspicuous, despise, expect, frontispiece, inspect, introspect, perspective, perspicacious, prospect, respect, respite, retrospect, specimen, spectacle, spectrum, speculate, speculum, spice, spiegeleisen, suspect, transpicuous
spectō	spectāre	spectāvī	spectātum	"to look at"	< spectus, the passive perfect participle of speciō
spērō	spērāre	spērāvī	spērātum	"to hope (for), expect, look forward to, trust"	despair, desperate, esperance, Esperanto, prosper
spondeō	spondēre	spopondī	sponsus	"to promise, pledge, vow, vouch (for)"	despond, despondent, espouse, respond, sponsor, spouse
statuō	statuěre	statuī	statūtum	"plan, erect, build i.e. cause to stand"	causative formed from the passive perfect participle of stō
stō	stāre	stetī	statum	"to stand, last, endure"	arrest, circumstance, constant, constitute, contrast, cost, destitute, distant, establish, estancia, extant, instant, institute, obstacle, obstetric, oust, prostitute, rest, restharrow, restitute, restive, stable, stage, stance, stanch, stanchion, stanza, state, statistics, stative, stator, statue, stature, status, statute, stay, stet, substance, substitute, superstition
studeō	studēre	studuī		"to be eager, keen on, apply oneself, study"	etui, student, studio, studious
succurrō	succere	succurrī	succursus	"to run to help, succor"	< sub- + currō
sum	esse	fuī	futūrus	"to be, exist, belong/pertain to" (from principal part 2)-	abessive, absent, adessive, entity, essence, essive, improve, inessive, interest, ossia, present, proud, quintessence, represent, stover (from principal part 4)- future
sūmō	sūměre	sumpsī	sumptus	"take (up), put on, consume, borrow adopt"	< sus(e)mere (unattested) < sub- + emō assume, consume, presume, resume, subsume, sumptuary, sumptuous
superō	superāre	superāvī	superātum	"to overcome"	< super- + -are (verbal suffix) (no English derivatives)
surgō	surgere	surrēxī	surrēctum	"to rise up, surge"	< sub- + regō

[edit] T

Present	Infinitive	Past perfect	Passive perfect participle	Meaning	Derivation
taceō	tacēre	tacuī	tacitum	"to be silent"	tacit, taciturn
temptō	temptāre	temptāvī	temptātum	"to test, feel, attempt, try"	attempt, tempt, temptation
tendō	tenděre	tetendī	(tentus OR tensus)	"to stretch (out), hold out, strain, aim"	< or simply from same base as tenēre (See teneō) attend, contend, detent, distend, extend, intend, ostensible, ostentation, portend, pretend, subtend, tend, tender, tense, tent
teneō	tenēre	tenuī	tentus	"to hold (tight), detain, keep, grasp, comprehend,"	abstain, contain, continue, detain, entertain, lieutenant, maintain, obtain, pertain, pertinacious, rein, retain, retinaculum, retinue, sustain, tenable, tenacious, tenaculum, tenant, tenement, tenet, tenon, tenor, tenure, tenuto
timēo	timēre	timuī		"to fear, be fearful"	intimidate, timid, timidity, timorous
tollō	tollere	sustulī	sublātum	"to raise"	(from principle parts 1 & 2) extol (for principal parts 3 & 4 see ferō)
trādō	trādere	trādidī	trādītum	"to give/hand over, deliver, surrender, betray	< trans- + dō)
transeō	transīre	transiī	transitum	"to cross, go across"	< trans- + eō

[edit] U

Present	Infinitive	Past perfect	Passive perfect participle	Meaning	Derivation
ūtor	ūtī	ūsus sum		"to use"	abuse, peruse, use, usual, usufruct, usurious, usury, utile, utility, utilities

[edit] V

Present	Infinitive	Past perfect	Passive perfect participle	Meaning	Derivation
vādō	vāděre	vāsī		”to go, make one's way, advance”	evade, evasion, invade, invasion, pervade
vehō	vehere	vēxī	vectus	”to carry, convey, transport”	advection, convection, evection, invective, inveigh, vector, vehement, vehicle
vendō	venděre	vendidī	venditum	”to sell, advertise, recommend, betray”	short for vēnumdāre < vēnum, ”(that which is for) sale”+ dāre (see dō) vend, vendor
veniō	venire	venī	ventum	”to come”	advent, adventitious, adventure, avenue, circumvent, contravene, convene, convenient, convent, conventicle, convention, coven, covenant, event, eventual, intervene, invent, inventory, misadventure, parvenu, prevenient, prevent, provenance, provenience, revenant, revenue, souvenir, subvention, supervene, venire, venue
vēnumdō	vēnumdāre	vēnumdāvī	vēnumdātum	”to sell, put up for sale”	see vendō
versō	versāre	versāvī	versātum	”to keep turning, whirl, twist, turn”	< passive perfect participle of vertō
versor	versāvī	versātus sum		”to live (somewhere, stay, frequent, behave, revolve)”	< passive perfect participle of vertō
vertō	vertere	vertī	versum	”to turn”	adverse, anniversary, avert, bouleversement, controversy, converse, convert, dextrorse, divert, evert, extrorse, extroversion, extrovert, introrse, introvert, invert, malversation, obverse, obvert, peevish, pervert, prose, retrorse, revert, sinistrorse, subvert, tergiversate, transverse, universe, versatile, verse, version, versus, vertebra, vertex, vertigo, vortex
vexō	vexāre	vexāvī	vexātum	”to worry, annoy, vex”	vex
videō	vidēre	vīdī	vīsum	”to see, look (at) consider, understand, know, seem/appear”	advice, advise, belvedere, black-a-vised, clairvoyant, envy, evident, improvise, interview, invidious, previse, provide, prudent, purvey, purview, review, revise, supervise, survey, vide, view, visa, visage, vision, visit, visor, vista, voeur
vigilō	vigilāre	vigilāvī	vigilātum	”to be/stay awake, to be watchful/alert”	reveille, surveillant, vedette, vigil, vigilant, vigilante
vincō	vincere	vī(n)cī	victum	”to conquer”	convict, convince, evict, evince, vanquish, victor, vincible
visitō	visitāre	visitāvī	visitātum	”to visit, i.e. to keep seeing”	frequentative of visō
vīsō	vīsere	vīsī	vīsum	”to look at attentively, to go to look at, to visit”	< passive perfect participle of videō
vīvō	vīvere	vīvī	victum	”to live”	convivial, revive, survive, viand, victual, viva, vivacious, vivid
voco	vocāre	vocāvī	vocātus	”to call (upon) name, summon, invoke”	advocate, avocation, convoke, equivocal, evoke, invocation, invoke, provoke, revoke, univocal, vocable, vocation, vouch
volō	velle	voluī		”I wish, I am willing”	benevolence, malevolence, velleity, volition, voluntary
volō	volāre	volāvī	volātum	”to fly”	volant, volatile

[edit] W, X & Y

W did not exist in Latin. The 'w' sound of Modern English was made by the letter 'v.' There are a handful of words which start with 'x' in Latin (mainly names), but none of them were verbs. Y existed by the time of Cicero (borrowed from the Greek upsilon), but its use was restricted to foreign words.

[edit] Z

zinziō, zinziāre, zinzāvī, zinziātum "to sing (said of a blackbird)" (no English derivatives)

[edit] References

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language Fourth Edition [3]