La Reunion (Dallas)
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La Réunion was a socialist utopian community formed in 1855 by French, Belgian, and Swiss colonists approximately three miles west of the present Reunion Arena and Reunion Tower in downtown Dallas, and near the forks of the Trinity River in Texas, USA. The community was led by the French philosopher Francois Marie Charles Fourier whose followers and associates established over 40 similar colonies in various parts of the United States of America during the 1800s.[citation needed] The colony near present-day Dallas was incorporated into the emerging city of Dallas around 1860.
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[edit] Brief history
La Reunion intended to become a socialist Utopian colony inspired by the writings of the French philosopher Francois Marie Charles Fourier who advocated communal production and distribution for communal profit. Unlike other communist systems, both men and women could vote and individuals could own private property.
[edit] Founder of La Reunion
La Reunion was founded in Texas by Victor Considerant who had been member of the Fourier movement in Lyon, France who had been forced into exile after staging protests against the Roman expedition by Napoleon. After personally inspecting an area approximately three miles west of the present Reunion Arena and Reunion Tower in the Reunion district of downtown Dallas, and near the three forks of the Trinity River in Texas, he returned to Europe where he formed a group of future settlers.
[edit] Land purchase
Advance agent Francois Cantegral was sent ahead to purchase 2,000 acres (8 km²) at $7.00 per acre ($1700/km²) to establish the location of colony. Unfortunately it was not a good purchase for the purposes for which it was intended because it was not good farm land, although the would-be colonists were not farmers. Approximately 200 colonists arrived in Texas when their ship docked near present-day Houston. They then walked approximately 250 miles northwards with their possessions being hauled by ox carts to the site of their new colony and arrived on April 22, 1855.
[edit] Original population
The general area surrounding the three forks of the Trinity River was already populated by approximately 400 people who had settled there. The French colonists expanded this general population by fifty percent. Unlike the existing population, the new arrivals spoke a different language, believed in a different system of government and brought with them skills that the existing farmers did not possess. Unfortunately the watchmaking, weaving, brewing and storekeeping qualifications of the new colonists were ill-suited to the establishment of a colony, because they lacked the ability to provide food for themselves.
[edit] Texas weather
Although the colonists did manage to grow wheat and vegetables the amount produced was not sufficient and it was not produced when it was most needed, although their biggest handicap was the uncooperative weather of Texas. In May of 1856 La Reunion was almost wiped out when a blizzard destroyed its crops and turned the Trinity River into a sheet of ice. That summer the unforgiving Texas heat created drought conditions and what was left of the crops became a feast for an invasion of grasshoppers.
[edit] Decline of La Reunion
Although over 350 European colonists eventually made La Reunion their home, the experiment was already beginning to fail as its population began to leave. Some returned to Europe while others just moved out of the area. In 1860 the nearby emerging town of Dallas incorporated La Reunion into its own land area and absorbed the skills of the remaining colonists into its general population.
[edit] Few reminders remain
Eventually what had been attempted as farmland at La Reunion was discovered to be covering large deposits of limestone and little by little it was carted away for use in building the growing state of Texas. The remains of some colonists were located a short distance away in a now disused cemetery and a small memorial was located on a nearby golf course. Reunion Tower, which is now a Dallas landmark, was named after the colony, although it is located some distance away from where La Reunion once existed.
[edit] Legacy
Shortly before the complete demise of La Reunion, botanist and pharmacist Jacob Boll arrived and taught Julien Reverchon who later became celebrated in his own right as a professor of botany at Baylor University College of Medicine and Pharmacy in Dallas. The first brewery and butcher shop in Dallas were established by former colonists from La Reunion and Maxime Guillot opened a carriage factory that remained in business for 50 years.
[edit] See also
- Jean-Baptiste-André Godin
- Charles Fourier
- Victor Prosper Considérant
- Trinity River
- Christian communism
- Utopian socialism
[edit] References
- Santerre, George H. White Cliffs of Texas. The Book Craft, Dallas, 1955. Dallas Public Library Reference: R.976.428 S234W. The Story of La Reunion, the Old French Colony.
- Considerant, Victor. Au Texas. New York, 1855. Dallas Public Library Reference: REF R334.683 C755A 1975. In French.
