Historically black colleges and universities

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In the United States, Historically Black Colleges And Universities (HBCU) (a type of minority-serving institution or MSI) are colleges or universities that were established before 1964 with the intention of serving the African American community. Prior to 1964, African-Americans were almost always excluded from higher education opportunities at the predominantly white colleges and universities — with notable exceptions such as the integrated Hillsdale College in Michigan and Oberlin College in Ohio.

There are more than 100 historically black colleges in the United States, located almost exclusively in the southern and eastern states. Four HBCUs are located in the midwestern states (two each in Missouri and Ohio), while one is in the Virgin Islands.

Conversely, many institutions that were founded (or opened their doors to African Americans) after Brown v. Board of Education, a U.S. Supreme Court case which outlawed racial segregation of public education facilities, now count African Americans as a large part of their student body; however, by definition they are not historically black colleges. Chicago State University is a good example of this phenomenon.

Contents 1 Notable schools 1.1 Men's colleges 1.2 Women's colleges 2 List of HBCUs 3 Notable alumni of HBCUs 4 Popular culture 5 See also 6 External links 7 Footnotes

[edit] Notable schools

• Cheyney University has been known for graduating prominent alumni through its education and journalism departments.
• Hampton University More students over the last few years have applied to Hampton than to any of the other Historically Black Colleges. With an endowment of more than $185.8 million, Hampton is also one of the wealthiest HBCU’s. The school confers approximately 848 undergraduate degrees yearly and consistently ranks in the top 10 in graduating African Americans with biology, business administration, communications, English, journalism, pharmacy, nursing and psychology degrees.
• Howard University is one of the most prominent historically black higher-education institutions in the United States. Howard University is a comprehensive, research-oriented, private university providing an educational experience of exceptional quality to students of high academic potential with particular emphasis upon the provision of educational opportunities to promising Black students. Howard University produces more African American doctorate degrees than any institution in the world and also has more notable alumni than all of the other top-ten HBCUs combined.
• Florida A&M University has been announced as the best school for African Americans in 2006 by the Black Enterprise Magazine. Founded on October 3, 1887, as the State Normal College for Colored Students, the venerable HBCU offers 62 bachelor's degrees in 103 majors/tracks and provides 36 master's degrees in 56 majors/tracks.
• Xavier University (New Orleans) is the top school in the nation in the placement of black students into medical schools and has the largest number of black undergraduates receiving degrees in biology or life sciences.
• Lincoln University, PA has been described as the Princeton University of historically black higher-education institutions in the United States and the oldest HBCU founded (1854) for the purpose of higher education for youth of African descent.
• Fisk University has a reputation for a higher than normal percentage of its undergraduate alumni who go on to achieve a graduate degree.
• Tuskegee University is the only HBCU that is part of the National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior as a National Historic Site.

[edit] Men's colleges

• Morehouse College has been described as the Harvard College of historically black higher-education institutions in the United States.

[edit] Women's colleges

• Bennett College has been described as the Vassar of the South, of historically black higher-education institutions in the United States. Oprah Winfrey and Maya Angelou have recently offered public support to Bennett College. ^[1]
• Spelman College has been described as the Radcliffe College of historically black higher-education institutions in the United States.

[edit] List of HBCUs

• Alabama A&M University
• Alabama State University
• Albany State University, Georgia
• Alcorn State University, Mississippi
• Arkansas Baptist College
• Bennett College, North Carolina
• Bethune-Cookman College, Florida
• Bowie State University, Maryland
• Central State University, Ohio
• Claflin University, South Carolina
• Clark Atlanta University, Georgia
• Cheyney University, Pennsylvania
• Dillard University, Louisiana
• Edward Waters College, Florida
• Elizabeth City State University, North Carolina
• Fisk University, Tennessee
• Florida A&M University
• Grambling State University
• Hampton University, Virginia
• Howard University, District of Columbia
• Jackson State University, Mississippi
• Johnson C. Smith University, North Carolina
• Kentucky State University, Kentucky
• Langston University, Oklahoma
• Lincoln University, Pennsylvania
• Lincoln University (Missouri)
• Livingstone College, North Carolina
• Meharry Medical College,Tennesse
• Morehouse College, Georgia
• Morgan State University, Maryland
• Morris College, South Carolina
• Norfolk State University, Virginia
• North Carolina A&T State University
• North Carolina Central University
• Oakwood College, Alabama
• Philander Smith College, Arkansas
• Prairie View A&M University, Texas
• Savannah State University, Georgia
• Shaw University, North Carolina
• Simmons College of Kentucky, Kentucky
• South Carolina State University, South Carolina
• Southern University, Louisiana
• Spelman College, Georgia
• Tennessee State University, Tennessee
• Texas College
• Texas Southern University
• Tuskegee University, Alabama
• University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (historically known as Arkansas AM&N)
• University of Maryland Eastern Shore
• Virginia State University
• Virginia Union University
• West Virginia State University
• Wilberforce University, Ohio
• Winston-Salem State University, North Carolina
• Xavier University of Louisiana

[edit] Notable alumni of HBCUs

Notable alumni of historically Black colleges include:

• Debbie Allen (Howard University)
• Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe (Lincoln University, PA)
• Mary McLeod Bethune (Barber-Scotia College)
• Horace Mann Bond (Lincoln University, PA)
• Julian Bond (Morehouse College)
• Ed Bradley (Cheyney University of Pennsylvania)
• Toni Braxton (Bowie State University)
• Edward Brooke (Howard University)
• Oscar Brown, Jr. (Lincoln University, PA}
• Roscoe Lee Browne (Lincoln University, PA)
• Cab Calloway (Lincoln University, PA)
• Stokely Carmichael (Howard University)
• J. R. Clifford (Storer College, WV)
• Ossie Davis (Howard University)
• W.E.B. DuBois (Fisk University)
• Ralph Ellison (Tuskegee University)
• Medgar Evers (Alcorn State University)
• James L. Farmer Jr. (Wiley College)
• Louis Farrakhan (Winston-Salem State University)
• Floyd Flake (Wilberforce University)
• Nikki Giovanni (Fisk University)
• Archibald Grimke (Lincoln University, PA)
• Fletcher Henderson (Atlanta University)
• Alexis Herman (Xavier University of Louisiana)
• Gil Scott-Heron (Lincoln University, PA)
• Maurice Hicks (North Carolina A&T University)
• Langston Hughes (Lincoln University, PA)
• Jesse Jackson (North Carolina A&T University)
• Jesse Jackson, Jr. (North Carolina A&T University)
• Samuel L. Jackson (Morehouse College)
• Samuel "Sam" Jones (North Carolina Central University)
• James Weldon Johnson (Clark Atlanta University)
• Barbara Jordan (Texas Southern University)
• Tom Joyner (Tuskegee Institute)
• Martin Luther King, Jr. (Morehouse College)
• Spike Lee (Morehouse College)
• John Lewis (Fisk University)
• The Lords of the Underground (Shaw University)
• Thurgood Marshall (Lincoln University, PA)
• Christa McAuliffe (Bowie State University) — notable White graduate of an HBCU
• Ronald McNair (McAuliffe's crewmate on the ill-fated space-shuttle mission STS-51L) (North Carolina A&T University)
• Steve McNair (Alcorn State University)
• Kweisi Mfume (Morgan State University)
• Earl Monroe (Winston-Salem State University)
• Toni Morrison (Howard University)
• Edwin Moses (Morehouse College)
• Kwame Nkrumah (Lincoln University, PA)
• Hazel R. O'Leary (Fisk University)
• Walter Payton (Jackson State University)
• Hildrus Poindexter (Lincoln University, PA)
• Jerry Rice (Mississippi Valley State University)
• Phylicia Rashad (Howard University)
• Lionel Richie (Tuskegee University)
• Wilma Rudolph (Tennessee State University)
• David Satcher (Morehouse College)
• Shannon Sharpe (Savannah State University)
• Ruben Studdard (Alabama A&M University)
• Melvin B. Tolson (Lincoln University, PA)
• LeRoy T. Walker (Benedict College)
• L. Douglas Wilder (Virginia Union University)
• Ben Wallace (Virginia Union University)
• Booker T. Washington (Hampton University)
• Essie Mae Washington-Williams (South Carolina State University)
• Doug Williams (Grambling State University)
• Oprah Winfrey (Tennessee State University)
• Andrew Young, Jr. (Dillard University and Howard University)
• Kuseki Kumi (Bowie State University, Bowie Maryland)

[edit] Popular culture

• The Cosby Show: mentioned Spelman College and Howard University in several of its television episodes, with star and prominent donor Bill Cosby often seen wearing a Spelman College sweatshirt.
• A Different World: The Cosby Show's Lisa Bonet was spun off into another popular television series, A Different World (which dealt with the life of students at the fictional historically Black college, Hillman, and ran for six seasons on NBC). According to the Museum of Broadcast Communications, when Debbie Allen became the director-producer the show, she drew from her college experiences at Howard University to more accurately reflect the social and political life on black campuses.[1]

[edit] See also

• List of historically black colleges of the United States
• College Hill—A reality television series based on college life at historically black colleges
• A Different World—A sitcom set at Hillman, a fictitious historically black college
• Drumline—2002 film based on an historically black college's marching band
• Grambling's White Tiger—A 1981 TV movie about Grambling State University's first White football player
• School Daze—1988 film about fraternities and sororities at a fictitious historically black college
• Season of the Tiger—A reality television series that follows members of the marching band and football team at Grambling State.

[edit] External links

• The Virginia High-Tech Partnership (VHTP)- links students from Virginia's five Historically Black Colleges and Universities with corporations, high-tech firms and government agencies for internships, summer positions and career opportunities.
• Black Colleges of Atlanta (College History Series)
• Fisk University (College History Series)
• The History of HBCUs.
• The HBCU Network - The most powerful gathering of the Talented Tenth from Historically Black Colleges & Universities
• Historically Black Colleges and Universities
• Students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Their Aspirations & Accomplishments
• Twilight and Reason: Higher Education and the African American Experience
• White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities - details about this federal initiative, including its history and recent achievements.
• National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education - organization representing and supporting historically and predominantly black colleges and universities.
• Blackcollegebands.com - The Internet's Source for Black College Bands.
• The 5th Quarter - The Premier Source for information on Black College Bands.

[edit] Footnotes

Historically Black Colleges and Universities

Alabama A&M • Alabama State • Albany State • Alcorn State • Allen • Arkansas Baptist • Arkansas, Pine Bluff • Barber-Scotia • Benedict • Bennett • Bethune-Cookman • Bishop • Bluefield State • Bowie State • Central State • Cheyney • Claflin • Clark Atlanta • Concordia, Selma • Coppin State • Delaware State • Dillard • Edward Waters • Elizabeth City State • Fayetteville State • Florida Memorial • Fisk • Florida A&M • Fort Valley State • Grambling State • Hampton • Harris-Stowe • Howard • Huston-Tillotson • Interdenominational Theological Center • Jackson State • Jarvis Christian • Johnson C. Smith • Kentucky State • Knoxville • Lane • Langston • LeMoyne-Owen • Lincoln, Missouri • Lincoln, Pennsylvania • Livingstone • Maryland, Eastern Shore • Medgar Evers • Meharry Medical College • Miles • Mississippi Valley State • Morehouse • Morehouse School of Medicine • Morgan State • Morris Brown • Morris • Norfolk State • N.C. A&T • N.C. Central • Oakwood • Paine • Paul Quinn • Philander Smith • Prairie View A&M • Rust • Saint Paul • Savannah State • Selma • Shaw • South Carolina State • Southern • Southern (New Orleans) • Southern (Shreveport) • Southwestern Christian • Spelman • St. Augustine • Stillman • Storer • Straight • Tennessee State • Texas College • Texas Southern • Tougaloo • Tuskegee • UDC • UVI • Virginia State • Virginia Union • Virginia, Lynchburg • Voorhees • West Virginia State • Wilberforce • Wiley • Winston-Salem State • Xavier