Gustafsen Lake Standoff
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
Please see the discussion on the talk page. |
The Gustafsen Lake Standoff was an Indigenous land dispute involving the Secwepemc Nation which began on June 15, 1995, and lasted until September 17, 1995.
Contents |
[edit] The Standoff Begins
In June of 1995, Indigenous people from the Secwepemc (Shuswap) and other nations began an occupation of sacred Sun Dance lands at Ts’Peten, also known as Gustafsen Lake, near Kamloops, British Columbia. The occupation at Ts’Peten followed a long history of attempts to gain recognition of Shuswap sovereignty by the Canadian Government, and indigenous rights to unceded lands in British Columbia.
The standoff began when a previous arrangement from 1989 to hold sun dances on Crown Land under the jurisdiction of B.C. rancher Lyall James broke down. Some Natives chose to remain at Gustafsen Lake and continue to hold annual sun dances in defiance of threats of eviction by Lyall James, and to assert indigenous rights to the land.
The British Columbia Attorney General Ujjal Dosanjh, branded the occupation as strictly a criminal matter, refusing to consider political negotiations.
[edit] RCMP Siege
After failed negotiations, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police launched one of the largest police operations in Canadian history, including the deployment of four hundred tactical assault team members, five helicopters, two surveillance planes and nine Armoured Personnel Carriers. Eight land mines were also used, at the same time as the Canadian government was campaigning internationally against the use of land mines. By the end of the 31-day standoff, police had fired over 77,000 rounds of ammunition, one woman had been shot, and a dog had been killed.
[edit] Resolution
Fourteen indigenous and four non-native people were charged following the siege, fifteen of whom were found guilty and sentenced to jail terms ranging from six months to eight years. The leader of the occupation, William (Wolverine) Jones Ignace, was found guilty of mischief to property, mischief causing danger to life, possession of firearms and explosives, discharging a firearm at police, and using a firearm to assault police officers. Three of the defendants appealed the verdicts on the grounds that the Canadian courts have no jurisdiction over the lands where the Gustafsen Lake standoff took place, which they claimed remain unceded indigenous land. The Supreme Court of British Columbia refused to hear the appeal.
[edit] Pitawanakwat Extradition
One of those convicted was James Pitawanakwat, who was sentenced to three years in jail for endangering life. He fled to the United States when he was released for parole, and successfully fought extradition to Canada to complete his sentence, becoming the only Native ever granted political asylum in the United States. According to Janice Stewart, a magistrate justice of the U.S District Court in Oregon, "The Gustafsen Lake incident involved an organized group of native people rising up in their homeland against an occupation by the government of Canada of their sacred and unceded tribal land." She also asserted that "the Canadian government engaged in a smear and disinformation campaign to prevent the media from learning and publicizing the true extent and political nature of these events".
Since the beginning of the standoff Ts'Peten "Defenders" and their supporters have called for an independent, impartial inquiry into the military siege at Gustafsen Lake and the alleged ensuing cover-up.
[edit] Quotations
- "There is no point in more meetings, I will not negotiate with renegades. There is only one issue here: law and order. There will be no deals, no talk about land ownership. It is not about land. They can give themselves up to the police for protection or face the consequences. The police will use whatever force is necessary to dislodge them." Ujjal Dosanjh, British Columbia Attorney General
- "Smear campaigns are our specialty.", Peter Montague, RCMP and Chief Media Relations Officer for BC Solicitor-General 1
[edit] See also
[edit] References
Matas, Robert (September 17, 2005). "Hoped-for sundance film to tell the story." The Globe and Mail, A10 Boncore Hill, John. From Attica to Gustafsen Lake (2001).
- Ts'peten (Gustafsen Lake) Document Archive
- Chronology of the Standoff
- Macleans Article on Gustafsen Trial
- The Case of USA versus Pitawanakwat (PDF Document)
- Evidence presented to address Canada's request to extradite James Pitawanakwat
