Gabriele Veneziano
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Gabriele Veneziano (b. 1942) is a theoretical physicist and one of the fathers of string theory. Of Italian origin, he was born in 1942 in Florence. While he worked at CERN in 1968, he discovered that the Euler Beta function used as a scattering amplitude, the so-called Veneziano amplitude, has many features that are useful to explain physical properties of strongly interacting particles. Nowadays, this amplitude is interpreted as the scattering amplitude for four open string tachyons.
Veneziano's work lead to intense activities aimed at explaining strong nuclear interactions based on a field theory of strings with a length scale of fermi (fermi is one million billionth of a metre). Later quantum chromodynamics was developed which could neatly account for strong interactions. This led to a loss of interest in string theories. Later in 1980s there was a revival of interest in string theories.
More recently, Veneziano worked in string cosmology. Veneziano currently holds the chair of Elementary Particles, Gravitation and Cosmology at the College of France.
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