Freedom and Unity

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The state motto as it appears on the Flag of Vermont.

The Great Seal of Vermont, designed by Ira Allen, prominently features Vermont's motto "Freedom & Unity".

The motto Freedom and Unity in a stained glass window depicting the Vermont coat-of-arms.

"Freedom and Unity" is the official motto of the U.S. state of Vermont. The motto was first adopted in 1788 for use on the Great Seal of the Vermont Republic. Ira Allen designed the Vermont seal and is often credited as its author. Allen's 1798 book The Natural and Political History of the State of Vermont cites many contributions by him to Vermont's founding but does not claim credit for the motto. Following Vermont's admission to the federal union in 1791, the legislature once more approved the use of the motto for the new state seal. Vermont's first governor, Thomas Chittenden, cited the state motto in his epitaph: "Out of storm and manifold perils rose an enduring state, the home of freedom and unity."

1 Meaning
2 Uses and applications
3 Further reading
4 External links

[edit] Meaning

There is general agreement that Vermont's motto is about the idea of balancing two seemingly opposite ideals: the personal freedom and independence of the individual citizen, with the common good of the larger community. Writer and Vermont resident Dorothy Canfield Fisher (1879-1958) wrote the following about her adopted state: "the Vermont idea struggles energetically with the balance of the individual's freedom" with "their responsibility to the group, the community." A homeostasis of these two forces has mostly endured in Vermont's history, both freedom, and unity, expressing distinct parts of the Vermont identity. Vermont's motto is believed to have been the inspiration for Daniel Webster's famous Liberty and Union speech before the United State Senate. Use of the exact motto is found in two quite different political groups. The left-center Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) used the motto Freedom and Unity before WWII. In the United Kingdom, a right-center party, the English Democratic Party (not to be confused with the similarly named English Democrats Party) which seeks protection of English culture and opposing European unity, also uses the exact motto. The current national motto of Germany, adopted by the Federal Republic of Germany in 1952, is also quite similar Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit translating as Unity and Justice and Freedom.

[edit] Uses and applications

By Vermont statute the motto Freedom and Unity is applied to the state seal, coat of arms, and flag. The motto can be found above the central doors of the Vermont Supreme Court, and above the rostrum in Representatives Hall at the Vermont State House.

[edit] Further reading

Crampton, William G. Webster's Concise Encyclopedia of Flags & Coats of Arms. Crescent Books: 1985. ISBN 0-517-499517.
Zieber, Eugene, Heraldry in America: The Civic Armorial Bearings of American States. Greenwich House: 1974.