Ford Duratec engine
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| Engine Image Required | |
| Duratec | |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer: | Ford |
| Production: | 1993 – present |
| Class: | Gasoline engine |
| Capacities: | 1.3 L 1.4 L 1.6 L 1.8 L 2.0 L 2.3 L 2.5 L 3.0 L 3.5 L 6.0 L |
| Block: | Alloy |
| Cylinder Head: | Alloy/chrome |
| Valves: | 8 (small cars) SOHC 16 (4 cyl) DOHC 24 (V6) DOHC 48 (V12) DOHC |
| Timing: | Twin chains Variable valve timing (Mazda only) |
| Configuration: | Straight-4 (up to 2.3 L) 60 degree V6 (larger capacities) V12 (6.0 L) |
| Fuel supply method: | Electronic fuel injection or direct injection, badged SCI |
| Aspiration: | Natural (standard) Turbocharged (Focus RS) |
| Predecessor: | Zetec |
| Also used by: | Aston Martin Jaguar Land Rover Lincoln Mazda Mercury |
| This article is part of the automobile series. | |
The Duratec is a range of four, six and twelve-cylinder gasoline engines used in Ford cars.
Originally there was a 2.5 L V6 introduced with the Mondeo. When the 2000 Mondeo was introduced, the 1.8 L and 2.0 L engines became Duratecs too.
Now there are engines of all sizes called Duratec. In North America, Ford uses the Duratec name on all its dual overhead cam 4 and 6 cylinder engines. In Europe, all Ford gasoline engines are called Duratec.
Contents |
[edit] Engine reference
| Name | Family | Displacements | Year | Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duratec 8v | Endura-E | 1.3 L (1299 cc) | –present | OHV I4 |
| Duratec 8v | Sigma | 1.3 L (1297 cc) 1.6 L (1597 cc) |
–present | SOHC I4 |
| Duratec SCi | MZR | 1.8 L (1798 cc) | 2003–present | DOHC GDI I4 |
| Duratec | MZR | 1.6 L (1598 cc) 1.8 L (1798 cc) 2.0 L (1999 cc) 2.3 L (2261 cc) |
2003–present | DOHC I4 |
| Duratec 25 | Mondeo | 2.5 L (2544 cc) | 1994–2002 | DOHC V6 |
| Duratec 30 | Mondeo | 3.0 L (2967 cc) | 1996–present | DOHC V6 |
| Duratec 35 | Cyclone | 3.5 L (???? cc) | 2006–present | DOHC V6 |
[edit] Duratec HE
The Duratec HE is the name used by Ford of Europe for its family of small straight-4 and V6 gasoline engines. The family includes 1.8 L and 2.0 L DOHC 16-valve engines and the 2.5 L V6 (also called the Duratec 25). European engines are built at the Valencia Engine Plant in Spain.
The Focus RS featured a turbocharged version of the 2.0 L Zetec unit producing 215 bhp (158 kW) and 310 N·m (229 ft·lbf) of torque, although badged a Duratec-RS.
Focus C-Max and Focus Mk II versions use a drive-by-wire throttle to improve responsiveness.
The 99P is a 2.0 L (1988 cc) version built in Dearborn, Michigan. Bore is 84.8 mm and stroke is 88 mm. It is used in the Ford Focus. Output is 110 hp SAE (82 kW) at 5000 RPM with 130 ft·lbf (176 N·m) of torque at 5300 RPM. It has a cast iron engine block and aluminum SOHC cylinder heads. It uses SFI fuel injection, has roller followers, and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods, a one-piece cast camshaft, and a cast aluminum or reinforced plastic intake manifold.
Another version is used in the SVT Focus and its European counterpart, the ST170. Based loosely on the US market 2.0 L Zetec, it features a variable intake cam, dual mass flywheel, dual stage intake manifold and other subtle tuning tricks to up the output to 170 hp (127 kW) at 7000 RPM with 145 ft·lbf (197 N·m) of torque at 5500 RPM. It is mated only to a German built Getrag 6-speed transmission which it shares with the Mini Cooper S.
[edit] Ford/Mazda global straight-4
- Main article: Mazda MZR engine
Beginning in 2004, Ford dropped the old 4-cylinder Zetec engines in favor of Mazda's MZR design. Thus, 2005 and present Duratec 4-cylinder engines are Mazdas. This includes the 2.0 L Duratec 20 and 2.3 L Duratec 23.
[edit] Duratec 20
The 993 is a 2.0 L (1988 cc) version built in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. Bore is 84.8 mm and stroke is 88 mm. It is used in the US model Focus, the Brazilian Ford EcoSport and the Argentine Ford Focus. On the Focus, output is 136 hp at 6000 RPM with 136 ft·lbf of torque at 4250 rpm. The Focus sold in the states of CA, NY, MA, VT and ME comes with the required PZEV emissions 20E version which produces 130 hp at 6000 RPM with 129 ft·lbf of torque at 4000 rpm. The PZEV is available as an option in border states. The compression ratio for both versions is 10:1. It has an aluminum engine block and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. The cylinders are lined with cast iron. It uses SFI fuel injection, has 4 valves per cylinder and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods, a one-piece cast camshaft, and a cast aluminum or reinforced plastic intake manifold. It does not have VVT. The power output is less than the Mazda version which does have VVT.
[edit] Duratec 23
The Duratec 23 is a 2.3 L (2261 cc) version of the Mazda-designed Duratec 20. Bore is 87.4 mm and stroke is 94 mm. It has an aluminum engine block with cast iron cylinder liners and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. It uses SFI fuel injection, has 4 valves per cylinder and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods and a one-piece cast camshaft.
The 23EW is built in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico for use in the American market Focus. The Ford version does not have VVT, and its output is 151 hp at 5750 RPM with 154 ft·lbf of torque at 4250 rpm. A VVT version of this engine is used on the Mazda6 producing 160 hp.
The 23NS is built in Dearborn, MI for the Ford Ranger and Mazda B-Series. Output is 143 hp (107 kW) at 5250 rpm with 154 ft·lbf (209 N·m) of torque at 5750 rpm.
Applications:
- 23EW
- 23NS
The Duratec 23E is a version of the Duratec 23 with California PZEV emissions.
[edit] Duratec SCi
The 1.8 L was the first European Ford engine to use direct injection technology, badged SCi for Smart Charge injection. This appeared in the Mondeo in 2003 and is today available on the 2.0 L engine as well as an expected 1.1 L version.
The SCi engines were designed at Ford's Cologne, Germany facility and are produced there and in Valencia, Spain. The SCi engine is paired with a specially-designed six-speed manual transmission.
[edit] Duratec 8v
The Duratec 8v name is currently used on two totally different engines in the European Ford Ka and the 2003 Ford Fiesta:
- The 60 PS (59 hp/44 kW) 1.3 L (1299 cc) Duratec 8V is a renamed archaic Endura-E engine
- The 70 PS (69 hp/51 kW) 1.3 L (1297 cc) and 95 PS (94 hp/70 kW) 1.6 L (1597 cc) Duratec 8V is the Brazilian-built Zetec-Rocam engine
[edit] Mondeo V6
- Main article: Ford Mondeo V6 engine
The 2.5 L and 3.0 L V6 Duratecs are evolutions of the same design, first used in the 1994 Ford Mondeo. It is a modern aluminum DOHC V6 with a 60° bank angle. The primary engineering input came from Porsche, who were developing a similar V6 before selling the engineering to Ford, and Cosworth, who helped with cylinder head manufacturing.
The Jaguar AJ-V6 engine is similar but adds variable valve timing. Mazda's AJ version also has this feature.
[edit] Duratec 25
The Duratec 25 is a 2.5 L (2544 cc) 60° V6 and was introduced in 1994. It was developed for the Ford Mondeo and used in the Ford Contour, Jaguar X-Type, Ford Ranger, and others. The Duratec 25 was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 1995 and 1996, and the SVT version made the list for 1998 and 1999.
An SVT version produced 195 hp (145 kW) and 165 ft·lbf (224 N·m) in 1998. Further improvements were made in 1999 that raised power output to 200 hp (149 kW) and 169 ft·lbf (229 N·m) and were carried over in the 2000 model. The SVT engine was used in the 1998-2000 Ford Contour SVT.
Bore is 82.4 mm and stroke is 79.5 mm on most 2.5 L Mondeo-derived engines for a total of 2544 cc. Mazda used the same block and camshaft in their 2000 MPV. However, they reduced the size to 2.49 L to keep under a 2.5 L tax cap in Japan. It was replaced in 2002 with the larger 3.0 L Duratec 30-based Mazda AJ.
[edit] Duratec 30
The 3.0 L Duratec 30 or Mazda AJ was introduced in 1996 as a replacement for the 232 in³ (3.8 L) Essex V6 in the Taurus/Sable. It has 2967 cc of displacement and produces between 200 and 240 hp (150 and 180 kW). The same basic engine is used in the Jaguar S-Type, Lincoln LS, Mazda MPV, Mazda6, Mondeo ST220 and many other Ford vehicles. It is essentially a bored-out (to 88.9 mm) Duratec 25 and is built in Ford Motor Company's Cleveland, OH #2 plant. A slightly modified version for the Ford Five Hundred entered production at the Cleveland, OH #1 plant in 2004.
There are two key versions of the Duratec 30:
- DAMB - The Lincoln LS and Jaguar AJ30 versions have direct-acting mechanical bucket (DAMB) tappets. Output is 232 hp (173 kW) at 6750 RPM with 220 ft·lbf (298 N·m) of torque at 4500 rpm.
- RFF - The Taurus/Sable/Escape version uses roller finger followers (RFF) instead and produces 201 hp (150 kW) at 5900 RPM with 207 ft·lbf (281 N·m) of torque at 4400 rpm.
The 2006 Ford Fusion, Mercury Milan, and Lincoln Zephyr feature a version of the Duratec 30 utilizing variable valve timing. The engine has an output of 221 hp (165 kW) at 6250 rpm, and 205 ft·lbf (278 N·m) of torque at 4800 rpm.
Mazda's MZI version adds variable valve timing, as does Jaguar's AJ30. Note that the MZI name is also used in Europe on Mazda's version of the Ford Sigma I4. The 3.0 L, 226 hp V6 used in the Mondeo ST220 is called Duratec ST. The 3.0 L, 204 hp V6 in the Mondeo Titanium is called Duratec SE.
[edit] Duratec 35
- Main article: Ford Cyclone engine
The Duratec 35 (code-name Cyclone) is a new 3.5 L V6 that will appear in fall 2006. It is an all-aluminum engine based on the Duratec 30, and adds variable cam timing on the intake side, a feature already found on the Jaguar AJ30 and Mazda AJ versions of the 3.0.
The new heads relocate all accessory drives to the front of the engine with a flush chain drive, saving space. The new combustion chambers are reshaped as well. A dual-stage variable length intake manifold, centrally-located sparkplugs, and a 10.3:1 compression ratio are other features. The Duratec 35 is ULEV-II compliant and is said to be capable of meeting the PZEV requirement as well. The dual-stage intake manifold was part of the Duratec 30.
Engine output will eventually exceed 300 hp (224 kW), but will be 265 hp (198 kW) and 250 ft·lbf (339 N·m) at launch, a substantial upgrade in power from the Duratec 30.
The engine is the same exterior size as the Duratec 30, and should be usable in all vehicles currently using that engine and its derivatives. The company expects the engine to be used in one fifth of all Ford products by the end of the decade.
The Duratec 35 will replace the Duratec 30 in some applications (notably the Ford Five Hundred) by the end of that year, but the Duratec 30 will continue in production.
The Duratec 35 is unique in that it will deliver its 265 hp (224 kW) rating on regular (87 octane) gasoline, giving it at an advantage when compared against its Japanese competitors of similar displacement and power levels. There is a 3.7L version with 275hp/270tq, slated to go in a fwd passenger car around 2008-2009.
[edit] SHO V8
- Main article: Ford Yamaha V8 engine
Ford's 3.4 L SHO V8 is related to the 2.5 L Mondeo V6. Each cylinder uses the same bore and stroke as the 2.5, but this engine was never officially referred to with the Duratec name.
[edit] Aston Martin V12
The 6.0 L V12 used in Aston Martin cars shares some components with the Duratec family. Aston Martin uses this engine in the DB7 Vantage, V12 Vanquish, and DB9.
The V12 developed by Ford for the Ford GT90, although it shares a common displacement, was developed from the Modular line of engines and does not share any components with the Aston Martin V12.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- On the Move. Ward's Auto World. Retrieved on March 1, 2005.
- Duratec 23 information
