Esotropia
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| ICD-10 | H50.0, H50.3 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 378.0 |
Esotropia is a form of strabismus where one or both of the eyes turn inward. Esotropia is often called "lazy eye" by laypeople, but this term is relatively nonspecific, and may also refer to exotropia, other forms of strabismus, or amblyopia. People with esotropia has uncrossed diplopia. The most common type of esotropia occurs in approximately one to two percent of the population. Treatment options include glasses with prism lenses, orthoptics, and/or eye muscle surgery. While eye exercises are often useful for intermittent exotropia, they are less useful for esotropia, as voluntary divergence is difficult to increase.
[edit] Accommodative esotropia
Accommodative esotropia is associated with activation of the accommodation reflex. This is appropriately treated with hyperopic glasses to reduce accommodative convergence.
"Partly accommodative esotropia" is generally treated by glasses as well as eye muscle surgery.
[edit] Congenital esotropia
Congenital esotropia, or infantile esotropia, is a variation that occurs very early in life, generally developing within the first three months of an infant's life. Children with congenital esotropia usually cross fixate, meaning that they use either eye to look in the opposite direction, and often show preference by fixating with the dominant eye. True congenital esotropia is usually best treated with early surgery (by age one year). Usually any associated amblyopia is treated prior to surgical intervention. Oblique muscle dysfunction often accompanies congenital esotropia, and may require surgical treatment.
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