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Dr. Dre

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


This article is about the Los Angeles rapper and producer. For the New York radio and television presenter, see Doctor Dre.
Dr. Dre
Dr. Dre appearing in "Da Chronic Spot" video insert of the Up In Smoke Tour.
Dr. Dre appearing in "Da Chronic Spot" video insert of the Up In Smoke Tour.
Background information
Birth name André Romell Young
Born February 18, 1965 (age 41)
Origin Los Angeles, California
Genre(s) West Coast hip hop, G-funk, Gangsta rap, Hardcore Rap
Occupation(s) Producer, rapper
Instrument(s) Percussion, Synthesizer keyboards, bass, Rapping
Years active 1984 – present
Label(s) Epic (1984-1988)
Priority Records (1988-1992)
Ruthless Records (1988-1992)
Death Row Records (1992-1996)
Aftermath Entertainment
Interscope Records
Associated
acts
WCWC
N.W.A.
Ice Cube
Eazy-E
MC Ren
DJ Yella
Arabian Prince
The D.O.C.
2Pac
Snoop Dogg
Eminem
50 Cent
Stat Quo
The Game
Website Official Website
Aftermath Entertainment

Dr. Dre (born André Romell Young on February 18th, 1965 in Los Angeles, California) is an influential Grammy-Award winning American record producer, hip hop producer, rapper, actor and record executive. He is also the founder and CEO of Aftermath Entertainment.

It is difficult to overstate Young's influence on rap music. He was a founding member of the influential rap group N.W.A, which popularized the use of explicit lyrics in rap detailing the violence of street life, and has produced albums for and overseen the careers of some of the biggest stars in rap music, including Snoop Dogg, Tupac Shakur, Eminem, 50 Cent and The Game. With well over 80 Million records sold, he is widely regarded as one of the most popular and powerful figures in rap music of all time.

As a producer, he is credited with revolutionizing rap by creating a new style, a slow, beat heavy, synthesizer based style of rap known West Coast G-Funk. G-Funk is often considered to have dominated the U.S. rap charts for four years (1992-96), and is still considered one of the major living styles of hip-hop today.

Contents

[edit] Biography

[edit] The early years

Young was born in Los Angeles, CA in 1965, & grew up in the city's South Central district. Young started his career as a DJ and poster boy for the World Class Wreckin' Cru during the first half of the 1980s, taking the name Dr. Dre (from his first name, André) and combing it with his favorite basketball athlete, Dr. J. It is also stated in the World Class Wreckin' Cru track "Surgery" that Dr. Dre has a Ph.D. in "mixology", but that has little to do with the origin of his name.

[edit] NWA and the Ruthless Records years

After Young had begun to dip more into actual production of beats, he and fellow World Class Wreckin' Cru member DJ Yella left the group to join premiere gangsta-rap group N.W.A, along with founding member and Ruthless Records head Eric "Eazy-E" Wright and rapper Ice Cube.

Until this point, rap had been considered a relatively benign form of music and free of profanity. However, along with fellow west coast rapper Ice T, NWA began to lace its rhymes with profanity and gritty depictions of crime and life on the street. Propelled by the hit "Fuck tha Police", the groups' first full album "Straight Outta Compton" became a major success, selling over 2,000,000 copies despite an almost complete absence of radio-airplay.

[edit] The Death Row Records era

Despite pioneering NWA's sound as the groups' principle producer, Young complained of unfair contracts that left him with little compensation for the group's tremendous profits (lead rapper and principle lyricist Ice Cube had left following the release of Straight Outta Compton after similiar complaints). After a dispute with Eric Wright (artistically known as Eazy-E, a founding member of N.W.A and Ruthless Records), Young left the group at the peak of its popularity in 1991 with the help of Marion Knight, Jr., (better known as Suge Knight), who had been an N.W.A. bodyguard. Knight, a notoriusly a strongman and intimidator, was somehow able to have Wright release Young from his contract, and using Young as his flagship artist, founded Death Row records after securing a distribution deal with the fledgling Interscope Records

Young released his first solo single, "Deep Cover," (also known as "187") in the spring of 1992. This was the beginning of his collaboration with Calvin Broadus, then artistically known as Snoop Doggy Dogg (now known as Snoop Dogg,

In 1992 Dr.Dre released his debut album, The Chronic under Death Row records. To understand the impact of The Chronic, the existing climate of rap at the time must be understood. Until this point, rap had been primarily party music (e.g. Def Jam Records's The Beastie Boys, or angry and politically charged (e.g. Public Enemy, X-Clan), and the music had consisted almost entirely of samples and breakbeats. Young ushered in a new style of rap, both in terms of musical style and lyrical content.

Artistically, The Chronic continued to describe gang life much in the same way that Young's former group N.W.A had, but with more of a focus on women and soft drugs (hence the title of The Chronic, which refers to high-grade marijuana). The beats were slower and mellower, and borrowed from late 1970s/early 80s Funk music by George Clinton and his group Parliament. But despite the obvious influences, Young employed a number of synthesizers and bass guitars that created a unique, original style of music by rap's standards.

Although the album was initially unheralded, onn the strength of singles such as "Nuthin' But a 'G' Thang," featuring protege Snoop Doggy Dogg and hits like "Let Me Ride" and "Fuck Wit Dre Day (And Everybody's Celebratin')" (Shortened to 'Dre Day' for Radio and Television Play), The Chronic became a cultural phenomenon and a multi-platinum seller, and is now widely considered to be one of Rap's all-time classic albums.

It soon became virtually impossible to hear mainstream hip-hop that wasn't affected in some way by Young. Hip-Hop, which had once been a sample and break-beat centered music rising primarily form New York and other east coast cities, began to see a shift in attention to the west coast, where the G-Funk style created by Dr.Dre was the most influential. Indeed, were it not for the influence of Dr.Dre, it's possible that the infamous "East Coast/ West Coast" beefs of the mid-90's might never have even transpired, as the west would have had no competing style of rap or even many visible artists with which to contrast to New York's.

The following year, Young produced Broadus' debut album Doggystyle, with similar subject matter and musical style. Doggystyle achieved phenomenal success, being the first debut album for an artist to debut at #1 on the Billboard charts. It went on to sell over 4,000,000 copies. Young was also intrumental in the creation of other hit west coast records, including the death row act Tha Dogg Pound's album Dog Food, and his own half-brother Warren G's album Regulate.

[edit] Departure from Death Row

In 1996, just as Death Row records was signing rapper 2Pac and positioning him as their major star, Dre left Death Row records amidst a contract dispute and growing concerns that label boss Suge Knight was corrupt, financially dishonest and out of control. In an interview with the Source shortly after his departure, Dre alluded to incidents such as Suge Knight's beating of an engineer as pivotal in his decision to leave. He formed his own boutique label Aftermath Entertainment directly underneath Death Row's distributor, the Jimmy Iovine-helmed Interscope records.

At first, it seemed that Dre's star had been overshadowed by Shakur, and that his departure would have little affect- In fact, publicly they were viewed as collaborators when Shakur's debut album on Death Row All Eyez On Me was released in 1996. The first single "California Love", a highly successful collaboration with Shakur, helped further establish both Death Row and Dre as a major forces in the music industry. However, in a subsequent interview with Death Row affiliates it was said that Dr. Dre's intentions were to use the beat of "California Love" for the compilation album, Dr. Dre Presents...The Aftermath, on his future record label, Aftermath Entertainment. Dre was made to give over the beat to 2Pac by Death Row CEO, Suge Knight.

By the end of the year, however, the fortunes of Death Row had taken a dramatic turn, following the death of 2Pac and racketeering charges against Suge Knight. Within the next few years the labels final major star Snoop Doggy Dogg would also leave and Knight would go to prison on racketeering charges. The label entered a steady decline, and now makes profits almost entirely off of old works recorded during its heyday.

[edit] The Aftermath years

The Dr. Dre Presents...The Aftermath album, released at the end of the year, featured songs by the newly signed Aftermath artists, and a solo track "Been There, Done That". The track was intended as a symbolic good-bye to gangsta rap, in which Dre suggested that he is moving on to another level of music and lifestyle. While going platinum, the album was considered a critical disappointment by Dre's standards, failing to raise much talk of the label. Today, the compilation album is most notable for the fact that none of the artists introduced on the record went on to successful careers. In 1997, Young produced several tracks on Nas, Foxy Brown, AZ, and Nature Present The Firm: The Album; although the album went platinum, it was met with similarly negative reviews from critics. Rumors began to abound that Aftermath was facing financial difficulties.

The turning point for Aftermath came in 1998, when Jimmy Iovine, the boss of Aftermath's parent label Interscope, suggested that Dre sign the white Detroit rapper Marshall Mathers, artistically known as Eminem to Aftermath. Interscope saw promise in Mathers, but feared that the fact he was white would harm his credibility in the overwhelmingly black market of hip hop. It was hoped that pairing him with Dr.Dre would help establish him as a credible star. Dre produced three songs on his controversial album, ["my name is", "guilty conscience", "Role Model"] The Slim Shady LP in 1999.

Though the album sold over 3,000,000 copies initially and was a certified success, its impact paled next to the even more successful and controversial follow up, The Marshall Mathers LP in 2000. The album evetually went Diamond, selling over 10,000,000 copies, and established Eminem as one of the biggest pop stars in the world. Though he was heavily involved in the latter, producing five beats with collaborator Mel-Man, by the time The Eminem Show was released in 2002, Mathers was producing the bulk of his output himself. However, Eminem's association with Dr.Dre remained a large part of Eminem's identity in rap, and the following album Encore featured substantially more production involvement from his mentor.

Dr. Dre released his second solo album, 2001 (sometimes referred to by fans as "The Chronic 2001") in the fall of 1999. Once again, the album featured about as much of Dre's voice as the voices of numerous collaborators, including Devin the Dude, Hittman, Snoop Dogg, Xzibit, Nate Dogg and Eminem. The album was highly successful, thus reaffirming a recurring theme featured in its lyrics, stating that Dr. Dre is still a force to be reckoned with, despite the lack of major releases in the previous few years.

In 2000, Dre won the Grammy award for Producer Of The Year, for his work on "The Marshall Mathers LP" and "2001". The albums followed a new musical direction, characterised by high-pitched piano and string melodies over a deep and rich bassline. The style was also prominent in his following production work for other artists, including hits such as "Let Me Blow Ya Mind" by Eve and Gwen Stefani (whom he would produce again on the Stefani and Eve track "Rich Girl"), "Break Ya Neck" by Busta Rhymes, and "Family Affair" by Mary J. Blige.

Young has also appeared in the movies Set It Off, The Wash and Training Day, though he later stated that he does not intend to pursue a career in acting. A song of his, "Bad Intentions" (featuring Knoc-Turn'Al) and produced by Mahogany, was featured on The Wash soundtrack. Dre also appeared on two other songs "On the Blvd." and "The Wash" along with his co-star Snoop Dogg.

In 2002, Dr. Dre and Eminem produced the major-label debut Get Rich or Die Tryin' for Queens rapper 50 Cent, featuring the Dre-produced hit single "In Da Club." On the eve of its release Dre declared it to be one of the best rap albums made in the past ten years, an opinion the record-buying public enthusiastically agreed with. The album went on to sell over 11,000,000 albums worldwide, establishing yet another major rap star under Aftermath and the Interscope umbrella.

[edit] Present day and future projects

The release of Detox, which is to be the Dr.'s final solo album, was planned for 2004. The project was pushed back to the summer of 2007, as he decided to put all his effort into producing the artists on his Aftermath label, including Eminem, 50 Cent, Eve, The Game, Stat Quo, and Busta Rhymes. However, in November 2004, Young and Interscope confirmed that Detox was still in the works and is currently scheduled to be released in the summer of 2007. On Eminem's song "Encore", which features Young, he says "Aftermath... 2006...and don't worry about that Detox-album...we gon' make Dre do it." Dr. Dre supposedly releases an album every 7 years, (The Chronic in 1992, 2001 in 1999, and Detox in 2006), which The Game refers to on his title track, "The Documentary". Currently, Young is also working on Raekwon's Only Built 4 Cuban Linx II. He and Busta Rhymes have completed Busta's Aftermath debut The Big Bang. He has also reunited with Snoop Dogg to produce several records on the latter's next album, The Blue Carpet Treatment, which is scheduled to be released in 2006. Other albums Dre is working on are Young Buck's Buck The World, Jay-Z's Kingdom Come, Nas' Hip-Hop Is Dead, Bishop Lament's The Reformation, Chauncey Black's Church Boy and a few other projects. Dre is believed to be flooding the industry with beats before he releases the long awaited Detox in 2007.[citation needed]

[edit] Trivia

He has also Appeared in a Coors Light advertisisement with Pharrell Williams and has produced the instrumental for the advert

Dr. Dre has two sons, Curtis (born on December 15, 1981), and Marcel (born in 1990). Curtis seems to be following in his father's footsteps, and is rapping under the name Hood Surgeon.

Dr. Dre can be seen at the end of the video "I Love My Bitch [Chick]" by Busta Rhymes.

Dr. Dre is seen on 50 Cent: Bulletproof as a war veteran, and sells 50 guns and body armour from his truck.

[edit] Musical techniques

[edit] Early work

Young's production technique has evolved considerably over the span of his career, and has often been influential to the sound of other producers, especially those from the West Coast. Early on, while working with the World Class Wrecking Cru, he was still strictly a DJ--though witnesses from the time cite that he had a good musical ear. After beginning to make actual beats with N.W.A. in the mid-1980s, often co-producing beats with DJ Yella, his style was still steeped with the characteristics of the time: a very regular meter, with heavy drums and thumping bass. His backings were largely funk-influenced and usually very uptempo, making it ideal to label as dance and party music.

Later in his tenure with NWA, Young began a series of 3 albums produced almost entirely by himself. (Young has a habit of co-producing beats with another artist, usually leading to allegations that he had ghost producers). The D.O.C.'s 1989 debut No One Can Do It Better featured roughly the same production as N.W.A.'s albums had, but with more differences in tempo (both faster and slower tracks), and Young delved into reggae and rock music on some of the songs. Even in Young's earlier days, he showed a penchant for experimentation.

[edit] G-funk

Main article: G-funk

The second of this trio, The Chronic, was considered the flagship of g-funk. Similarly funk-fueled and alternately rugged and smooth, The Chronic and other songs he did for soundtracks at the time (Murder Was the Case, Above the Rim and Deep Cover) utilized heavy samples from George Clinton and Funkadelic. Broadus' (Snoop Dogg) ensuing album Doggystyle (which would be the final project that Young produced completely for an artist besides himself) featured a smoother and more laid-back style of G-Funk, shifted to suit Broadus' (Snoop Dogg) style. Doggystyle uses beats, samples and quotes from the movie Superfly, and the soundtrack by Curtis Mayfield.

[edit] 2001 and beyond

When Young released the Presents...The Aftermath compilation, he was in transition, somewhere between G-funk and the spacey synthesizers and organs of 2001, his second release. That album (produced mainly with the help of Mel-Man) still had thumping bass and hard drums, but also heavily used synthesizers and organs instead of his previous use of flute and funk samples.

[edit] Music samples

  • As a performer
  • Nuthin' But A 'G' Thang (sample) (file info) — play in browser (beta)
    • Short sample of Nuthin' But A 'G' Thang, by Young (Dr. Dre) (featuring Snoop Doggy Dogg, credited as the song's sole lyric writer), from his 1992 album The Chronic. This sample shows Young's fairly straightforward rapping technique, and his classic G-funk production style.
    • Problems listening to the file? See media help.
  • As a producer
  • Kill You, by Eminem (file info) — play in browser (beta)
    • Produced in 2000, and one of the tracks cited in his Grammy nomination, Kill You features a very stripped-down sound for a Dr. Dre production, which serves to highlight the gratuitously offensive lyrics. It was co-produced by Mel-Man.
    • Problems listening to the file? See media help.

[edit] Discography

[edit] Solo

Album cover Album information
The Chronic
2001
Detox

[edit] With N.W.A

Album cover Album information
N.W.A. and the Posse
Straight Outta Compton
  • Released: August, 1988 (original), February 6, 1989 (re-released date)
  • Chart positions: #37 US, #9 Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, #35 UK (2003 Remastered version)
  • Last RIAA certification: 2x Platinum
  • Singles: "Straight Outta Compton", "Express Yourself"
100 Miles and Runnin'
Niggaz4life
  • Released: May 28, 1991
  • Chart positions: #1 US, #2 Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, #25 UK
  • Last RIAA certification: Platinum
  • Singles: "Apetite For Destruction", "Alwayz into Somethin'"
Greatest Hits
The N.W.A. Legacy, Vol. 1: 1988-1999
The N.W.A. Legacy, Vol. 2

[edit] Compilations and boxsets

Album cover Album information
Concrete Roots
First Round Knockout
  • Released: May 21, 1996
  • Label: Triple X
  • Chart positions: #52 US
Back 'N The Day
Chronicle: Best of the Work
  • Released: May 28, 2002
  • Label: Death Row
  • Chart positions: #172 UK
Dr. Dre & Friends
Chronicles: Death Row Classics

[edit] Production

[edit] Mixtapes

  • Detox - Millennium Of Aftermath (by DJ Rukiz), Pickwick, 2005. #183 UK
  • Look Out For Detox 2005
  • Dretox (by DJ Exclusive), 2005
  • Pretox (by DJ Mick Boogie), 2005
  • Dr. Dre 2006 2006
  • Jay-Z and Dr.Dre - The Chronic 3000 (Mixed by DJ Egg Nice) 2006

[edit] Singles

Year Title Chart Positions Album
US Hot 100 US R&B/ Hip Hop US Rap UK Singles Chart Rhythmic Top 40
1993 "Nuthin' But a "G" Thang" [Platinum] #2 #1 #1 #31 #2 The Chronic
1993 "Dre Day" [Gold] #28 #6 #13 #59 #6 The Chronic
1993 "Let Me Ride" #34 #34 #3 #31 #21 The Chronic
1995 "Keep Their Heads Ringin'" [Gold] #10 #10 #1 #25 Friday (OST)
1996 "East Coast/West Coast Killas" - - - - - Dr. Dre Presents…The Aftermath
1996 "Been There, Done That" - - - - #40 Dr. Dre Presents…The Aftermath
1999 "Still D.R.E." #93 #32 #11 #6 #29 2001
1999 "Forgot about Dre" #25 #14 - #7 #3 2001
2000 "The Next Episode" #25 #11 #9 #7 #2 2001
2001 "Put It on Me" - #62 - - #36 Training Day [OST]
2002 "Bad Intentions" - #33 - #4 - The Wash [OST]
2002 "The Wash" - #43 - - - The Wash [OST]

[edit] Featured singles

Year Title Chart Positions Album
US Hot 100 US R&B/ Hip Hop US Rap UK Singles Chart
1990 "We're All In The Same Gang" (West Coast All-Stars) #35 #10 #1 - We're All In The Same Gang VLS
1991 "Funky Flute" (feat. Jimmy Z) - - - - Muzical Madness
1992 "Deep Cover" - #46 #4 - Deep Cover OST
1994 "Natural Born Killaz" (Dr. Dre & Ice Cube) - - - 45 Murder Was the Case
1996 "How Do U Want It"/"California Love" (2Pac feat. Dr. Dre) #1 [2x Platinum] #1 #1 #6 All Eyez on Me
1996 "No Diggity" (Blackstreet feat. Dr. Dre) #1 [Platinum] #1 - #9 Another Level
1997 "Puppet Master" (feat. DJ Muggs and B-Real) - #73 - - Soul Assassins Vol.1
1998 "Zoom" (with LL Cool J) - - - #15 Bulworth OST
1998 "Ghetto Fabulous" (Ras Kass feat. Dr Dre & Mack 10) - #56 - - Rasassination
1999 "Guilty Conscience" (Eminem feat. Dr. Dre) - #56 - #5 The Slim Shady LP
2000 "U Know" (Xzibit feat Dr. Dre) - #63 - - Restless
2000 "Chin Check" (NWA incl. Snoop Dogg) - #71 - - Next Friday OST
2000 "Just Be A Man About It" (Toni Braxton feat Dr. Dre) #32 #6 - #6 The Heat
2001 "Fast Lane" (Remix) (Bilal Feat Dr. Dre & Jadakiss) - #41 - - 1st Born Second
2001 "Put It on Me" (feat. DJ Quik) - #62 - - Training Day OST
2002 "Knoc"(Knoc-Turn'al with Dr. Dre & Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott) #98 #67 #13 - The Way I Am
2002 "Bad Intentions" (Dr. Dre feat. Knoc-Turn'al) - #33 - #4 The Wash soundtrack
2002 "The Wash" (Dr. Dre feat. Snoop Dogg) - #43 - - The Wash soundtrack
2002 "Symphony In X Major" (Xzibit feat Dr. Dre) - #63 - - Man Vs. Machine
2004 "Encore" (Eminem feat. Dr Dre & 50 Cent) #25 #48 #20 - Encore
2006 "Imagine" (Snoop Dogg featuring Dr. Dre) - - - - Tha Blue Carpet Treatment

[edit] Filmography

DVD cover Film Information
Training Day
The Wash

[edit] Bootlegs and videos

Video cover Video Information
Maximum Dr. Dre
The Attitude Surgeon

[edit] External links

Dr. Dre
Discography
Albums with N.W.A.: N.W.A. and the PosseStraight Outta Compton100 Miles and Runnin'Efil4zaggin
Solo Albums: The Chronic2001Detox
Compilation Albums: Dr. Dre Presents…The Aftermath – Concrete Roots– Greatest Hits – First Round Knockout– Back ‘N The Day – Maximum Dr. Dre – Chronicle: Best of the Work – Greatest Hits V.2
Mixtapes: Detox: Millennium Of Aftermath – Dretox - Look Out For DetoxPretox – Dr. Dre 2006 – The Chronicle 3000 – Dr. Dre’s Mixture Remix
Singles: "Dre Day" - "Nuthin' But a "G" Thang" - "Let Me Ride" – "East Coast/West Coast" – "Been There, Done That" -"Lil Ghetto Boy"- "Still D.R.E." – "Forgot About Dre" - "The Next Episode" - "Put It on Me" - "Bad Intentions" – "The Wash"
Featured Singles: "We're All In the Same Gang" -"Funky Flute" - "Deep Cover" - "Natural Born Killaz" – "Keep Their Heads Ringin'" – "California Love" -"No Diggity" - "Puppet Master" - "Zoom" - "Ghetto Fabulous" - "Guilty Conscience" - "U Know" - "Chin Check" - "Just be A Man About It" - "Fast Lane"- "Put It On Me" - "Knoc" "Symphony in X Major" - "Encore" - "Imagine"
Related articles
AftermathInterscopePolydorEpicPriorityRuthlessDeath RowN.W.A. - World Class Wreckin' CruEminem
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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - be - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - closed_zh_tw - co - cr - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - haw - he - hi - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - ms - mt - mus - my - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - ru_sib - rw - sa - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - searchcom - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sq - sr - ss - st - su - sv - sw - ta - te - test - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tokipona - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - be - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - closed_zh_tw - co - cr - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - haw - he - hi - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - ms - mt - mus - my - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - ru_sib - rw - sa - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - searchcom - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sq - sr - ss - st - su - sv - sw - ta - te - test - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tokipona - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu