Bodily fluid
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bodily fluids listed below are found in the bodies of men and/or women. Some may be found in animals as well. They include fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as fluids that normally are not. These respective fluids would include:
- Amniotic fluid surrounding a fetus (which is released to the outside world in childbirth)
- Aqueous humour
- Bile
- Blood and blood plasma
- Cerumen also known as earwax
- Cowper's fluid or pre-ejaculatory fluid
- Chyle
- Chyme
- Female ejaculate
- Interstitial fluid
- Lymph
- Menses
- Breast milk
- Mucus (including snot and phlegm)
- Pleural fluid
- Pus
- Saliva
- Sebum (skin oil)
- Semen
- Serum
- Sweat
- Tears
- Urine
- Vaginal lubrication
- Vomit
Feces, while not generally classed as a body fluid, are often treated similarly to body fluids, and are sometimes fluid or semi-fluid in nature.
Internal body fluids, which are not usually leaked or excreted to the outside world, include:
- cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain and the spinal cord
- synovial fluid surrounding bone joints
- intracellular fluid is the fluid inside cells
- blood
- aqueous humour and vitreous humour the fluids in the eyeball.
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[edit] Bodily fluids in religion and history
Bodily fluids are regarded with varying levels of disgust among world cultures, including the Abrahamic faiths (Christianity, Islam, Judaism) and Hinduism. In Hinduism substances that have left the body are considered unclean, although there are some sects which smear cremated body ash on their foreheads as symbolic gestures.
Feces and urine have been used by religions on every continent for atonement, rites of passage, and funerary rites.
One interesting example is the alleged consumption of some ancient sects of the urine of people intoxicated with hallucinogenic mushrooms or creepers, as the urine contained high concentrations of the drug and could be "re-used."
Attitudes concerning bodily fluids aside, there is a long human history of their use in religion, medicine, art, sex, and folklore. Some believe that the tradition of shaking hands with the right hand stems from using the left hand to clean up after defecation, as a result, shaking hands with the left hand is considered insulting in many cultures.
[edit] Bodily fluids in popular culture
In Western culture, many people find bodily fluids distasteful or even taboo. Not surprisingly, therefore, they have long been a popular subject for comedy. Perhaps the most famous appearance of bodily fluids in popular culture was in the 1964 Stanley Kubrick film Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, in which the character of "General Jack D. Ripper" (played by Sterling Hayden) worries obsessively about a global Communist conspiracy to "sap and impurify" the "precious bodily fluids" of Americans through water fluoridation.
In MPAA and ESRB ratings of movies and video games, respectively, the depiction of blood is frequently enough to raise the rating to exclude children. In the ESRB system, for example, bloodless "fanstasy violence" is considered suitable for games rated Everyone, but games involving more than "minimal and/or infrequent" bloodshed are rated Teen.
[edit] Body fluids in Art
A relatively new trend in contemporary art is to use body fluids in art, though there have been rarer uses of blood (and perhaps feces) for quite some time, and Marcel Duchamp used semen decades ago. Examples include:
- The controversial Piss Christ (1987), by Andres Serrano, which is a photograph of a crucifix submerged in urine;
- Self (1991, recast 1996) by Marc Quinn, a frozen cast of the artist's head made entirely of his own blood;
- Piss Flowers, by Helen Chadwick (1991-92), are twelve white-enamelled bronzes cast from cavities made by urinating in snow (though this might not be characertised as the use of bodily fluids in art, just their use in preparation);
- performances by Lennie Lee involving feces, blood, vomit from 1990
- many paintings by Chris Ofili, which make use of elephant dung (from 1992).
- Gilbert and George's The Naked Shit Pictures (1995)
- Hermann Nitsch and Das Orgien Mysterien Theatre use urine, feces, blood and more in their ritual performances.
- Franko B from 1990 blood letting performances.
[edit] Body fluids and health
Modern medical hygiene and public health practices also treat body fluids as unclean. This is because they can be vectors for infectious diseases, such as sexually transmitted diseases or blood-borne diseases.
Safer sex practices try to avoid exchanges of body fluids.
[edit] See also
- Hygiene
- Ritual cleanliness
- Blood-borne diseases
- Barrier nursing
[edit] References
- Paul Spinrad. (1999) The RE/Search Guide to Bodily Fluids. Juno Books. ISBN 1-890451-04-5
- John Bourke. (1891) Scatologic Rites of All Nations. Washington, D.C.: W.H. Lowdermilk.
